cube/cube.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2015-2019 The Khronos Group Inc.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Valve Corporation
   4  * Copyright (c) 2015-2019 LunarG, Inc.
   5  *
   6  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   7  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   8  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   9  *
  10  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  11  *
  12  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  13  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  14  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  15  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  16  * limitations under the License.
  17  *
  18  * Author: Chia-I Wu <olv@lunarg.com>
  19  * Author: Courtney Goeltzenleuchter <courtney@LunarG.com>
  20  * Author: Ian Elliott <ian@LunarG.com>
  21  * Author: Ian Elliott <ianelliott@google.com>
  22  * Author: Jon Ashburn <jon@lunarg.com>
  23  * Author: Gwan-gyeong Mun <elongbug@gmail.com>
  24  * Author: Tony Barbour <tony@LunarG.com>
  25  * Author: Bill Hollings <bill.hollings@brenwill.com>
  26  */
  27
  28 #define _GNU_SOURCE
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdarg.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <string.h>
  33 #include <stdbool.h>
  34 #include <assert.h>
  35 #include <signal.h>
  36 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
  37 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  38 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
  39 #include <linux/input.h>
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #ifdef _WIN32
  43 #pragma comment(linker, "/subsystem:windows")
  44 #define APP_NAME_STR_LEN 80
  45 #endif  // _WIN32
  46
  47 #ifdef ANDROID
  48 #include "vulkan_wrapper.h"
  49 #else
  50 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
  51 #endif
  52
  53 #include <vulkan/vk_sdk_platform.h>
  54 #include "linmath.h"
  55 #include "object_type_string_helper.h"
  56
  57 #include "gettime.h"
  58 #include "inttypes.h"
  59 #define MILLION 1000000L
  60 #define BILLION 1000000000L
  61
  62 #define DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT 1
  63 #define APP_SHORT_NAME "vkcube"
  64 #define APP_LONG_NAME "Vulkan Cube"
  65
  66 // Allow a maximum of two outstanding presentation operations.
  67 #define FRAME_LAG 2
  68
  69 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
  70
  71 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(__GNUC__)
  72 #define U_ASSERT_ONLY __attribute__((unused))
  73 #else
  74 #define U_ASSERT_ONLY
  75 #endif
  76
  77 #if defined(__GNUC__)
  78 #define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
  79 #else
  80 #define UNUSED
  81 #endif
  82
  83 #ifdef _WIN32
  84 bool in_callback = false;
  85 #define ERR_EXIT(err_msg, err_class)                                             \
  86     do {                                                                         \
  87         if (!demo->suppress_popups) MessageBox(NULL, err_msg, err_class, MB_OK); \
  88         exit(1);                                                                 \
  89     } while (0)
  90 void DbgMsg(char *fmt, ...) {
  91     va_list va;
  92     va_start(va, fmt);
  93     printf(fmt, va);
  94     fflush(stdout);
  95     va_end(va);
  96 }
  97
  98 #elif defined __ANDROID__
  99 #include <android/log.h>
 100 #define ERR_EXIT(err_msg, err_class)                                    \
 101     do {                                                                \
 102         ((void)__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "Vulkan Cube", err_msg)); \
 103         exit(1);                                                        \
 104     } while (0)
 105 #ifdef VARARGS_WORKS_ON_ANDROID
 106 void DbgMsg(const char *fmt, ...) {
 107     va_list va;
 108     va_start(va, fmt);
 109     __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "Vulkan Cube", fmt, va);
 110     va_end(va);
 111 }
 112 #else  // VARARGS_WORKS_ON_ANDROID
 113 #define DbgMsg(fmt, ...)                                                           \
 114     do {                                                                           \
 115         ((void)__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "Vulkan Cube", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)); \
 116     } while (0)
 117 #endif  // VARARGS_WORKS_ON_ANDROID
 118 #else
 119 #define ERR_EXIT(err_msg, err_class) \
 120     do {                             \
 121         printf("%s\n", err_msg);     \
 122         fflush(stdout);              \
 123         exit(1);                     \
 124     } while (0)
 125 void DbgMsg(char *fmt, ...) {
 126     va_list va;
 127     va_start(va, fmt);
 128     printf(fmt, va);
 129     fflush(stdout);
 130     va_end(va);
 131 }
 132 #endif
 133
 134 #define GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(inst, entrypoint)                                                              \
 135     {                                                                                                         \
 136         demo->fp##entrypoint = (PFN_vk##entrypoint)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(inst, "vk" #entrypoint);             \
 137         if (demo->fp##entrypoint == NULL) {                                                                   \
 138             ERR_EXIT("vkGetInstanceProcAddr failed to find vk" #entrypoint, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr Failure"); \
 139         }                                                                                                     \
 140     }
 141
 142 static PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr g_gdpa = NULL;
 143
 144 #define GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(dev, entrypoint)                                                                    \
 145     {                                                                                                            \
 146         if (!g_gdpa) g_gdpa = (PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkGetDeviceProcAddr"); \
 147         demo->fp##entrypoint = (PFN_vk##entrypoint)g_gdpa(dev, "vk" #entrypoint);                                \
 148         if (demo->fp##entrypoint == NULL) {                                                                      \
 149             ERR_EXIT("vkGetDeviceProcAddr failed to find vk" #entrypoint, "vkGetDeviceProcAddr Failure");        \
 150         }                                                                                                        \
 151     }
 152
 153 /*
 154  * structure to track all objects related to a texture.
 155  */
 156 struct texture_object {
 157     VkSampler sampler;
 158
 159     VkImage image;
 160     VkBuffer buffer;
 161     VkImageLayout imageLayout;
 162
 163     VkMemoryAllocateInfo mem_alloc;
 164     VkDeviceMemory mem;
 165     VkImageView view;
 166     int32_t tex_width, tex_height;
 167 };
 168
 169 static char *tex_files[] = {"lunarg.ppm"};
 170
 171 static int validation_error = 0;
 172
 173 struct vktexcube_vs_uniform {
 174     // Must start with MVP
 175     float mvp[4][4];
 176     float position[12 * 3][4];
 177     float attr[12 * 3][4];
 178 };
 179
 180 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 181 // Mesh and VertexFormat Data
 182 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 183 // clang-format off
 184 static const float g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
 185     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,  // -X side
 186     -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 187     -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 188     -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 189     -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 190     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 191
 192     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,  // -Z side
 193      1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 194      1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 195     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 196     -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 197      1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 198
 199     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,  // -Y side
 200      1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 201      1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 202     -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 203      1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 204     -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 205
 206     -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,  // +Y side
 207     -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 208      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 209     -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 210      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 211      1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 212
 213      1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,  // +X side
 214      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 215      1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 216      1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 217      1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
 218      1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
 219
 220     -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // +Z side
 221     -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 222      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 223     -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 224      1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
 225      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
 226 };
 227
 228 static const float g_uv_buffer_data[] = {
 229     0.0f, 1.0f,  // -X side
 230     1.0f, 1.0f,
 231     1.0f, 0.0f,
 232     1.0f, 0.0f,
 233     0.0f, 0.0f,
 234     0.0f, 1.0f,
 235
 236     1.0f, 1.0f,  // -Z side
 237     0.0f, 0.0f,
 238     0.0f, 1.0f,
 239     1.0f, 1.0f,
 240     1.0f, 0.0f,
 241     0.0f, 0.0f,
 242
 243     1.0f, 0.0f,  // -Y side
 244     1.0f, 1.0f,
 245     0.0f, 1.0f,
 246     1.0f, 0.0f,
 247     0.0f, 1.0f,
 248     0.0f, 0.0f,
 249
 250     1.0f, 0.0f,  // +Y side
 251     0.0f, 0.0f,
 252     0.0f, 1.0f,
 253     1.0f, 0.0f,
 254     0.0f, 1.0f,
 255     1.0f, 1.0f,
 256
 257     1.0f, 0.0f,  // +X side
 258     0.0f, 0.0f,
 259     0.0f, 1.0f,
 260     0.0f, 1.0f,
 261     1.0f, 1.0f,
 262     1.0f, 0.0f,
 263
 264     0.0f, 0.0f,  // +Z side
 265     0.0f, 1.0f,
 266     1.0f, 0.0f,
 267     0.0f, 1.0f,
 268     1.0f, 1.0f,
 269     1.0f, 0.0f,
 270 };
 271 // clang-format on
 272
 273 void dumpMatrix(const char *note, mat4x4 MVP) {
 274     int i;
 275
 276     printf("%s: \n", note);
 277     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 278         printf("%f, %f, %f, %f\n", MVP[i][0], MVP[i][1], MVP[i][2], MVP[i][3]);
 279     }
 280     printf("\n");
 281     fflush(stdout);
 282 }
 283
 284 void dumpVec4(const char *note, vec4 vector) {
 285     printf("%s: \n", note);
 286     printf("%f, %f, %f, %f\n", vector[0], vector[1], vector[2], vector[3]);
 287     printf("\n");
 288     fflush(stdout);
 289 }
 290
 291 typedef struct {
 292     VkImage image;
 293     VkCommandBuffer cmd;
 294     VkCommandBuffer graphics_to_present_cmd;
 295     VkImageView view;
 296     VkBuffer uniform_buffer;
 297     VkDeviceMemory uniform_memory;
 298     VkFramebuffer framebuffer;
 299     VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
 300 } SwapchainImageResources;
 301
 302 struct demo {
 303 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
 304 #define APP_NAME_STR_LEN 80
 305     HINSTANCE connection;         // hInstance - Windows Instance
 306     char name[APP_NAME_STR_LEN];  // Name to put on the window/icon
 307     HWND window;                  // hWnd - window handle
 308     POINT minsize;                // minimum window size
 309 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
 310     Display *display;
 311     Window xlib_window;
 312     Atom xlib_wm_delete_window;
 313 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
 314     Display *display;
 315     xcb_connection_t *connection;
 316     xcb_screen_t *screen;
 317     xcb_window_t xcb_window;
 318     xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *atom_wm_delete_window;
 319 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
 320     struct wl_display *display;
 321     struct wl_registry *registry;
 322     struct wl_compositor *compositor;
 323     struct wl_surface *window;
 324     struct wl_shell *shell;
 325     struct wl_shell_surface *shell_surface;
 326     struct wl_seat *seat;
 327     struct wl_pointer *pointer;
 328     struct wl_keyboard *keyboard;
 329 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
 330     struct ANativeWindow *window;
 331 #elif (defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK))
 332     void *window;
 333 #endif
 334     VkSurfaceKHR surface;
 335     bool prepared;
 336     bool use_staging_buffer;
 337     bool separate_present_queue;
 338     bool is_minimized;
 339
 340     bool VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled;
 341
 342     bool VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled;
 343     bool syncd_with_actual_presents;
 344     uint64_t refresh_duration;
 345     uint64_t refresh_duration_multiplier;
 346     uint64_t target_IPD;  // image present duration (inverse of frame rate)
 347     uint64_t prev_desired_present_time;
 348     uint32_t next_present_id;
 349     uint32_t last_early_id;  // 0 if no early images
 350     uint32_t last_late_id;   // 0 if no late images
 351
 352     VkInstance inst;
 353     VkPhysicalDevice gpu;
 354     VkDevice device;
 355     VkQueue graphics_queue;
 356     VkQueue present_queue;
 357     uint32_t graphics_queue_family_index;
 358     uint32_t present_queue_family_index;
 359     VkSemaphore image_acquired_semaphores[FRAME_LAG];
 360     VkSemaphore draw_complete_semaphores[FRAME_LAG];
 361     VkSemaphore image_ownership_semaphores[FRAME_LAG];
 362     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties gpu_props;
 363     VkQueueFamilyProperties *queue_props;
 364     VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memory_properties;
 365
 366     uint32_t enabled_extension_count;
 367     uint32_t enabled_layer_count;
 368     char *extension_names[64];
 369     char *enabled_layers[64];
 370
 371     int width, height;
 372     VkFormat format;
 373     VkColorSpaceKHR color_space;
 374
 375     PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR;
 376     PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR;
 377     PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR;
 378     PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR;
 379     PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR fpCreateSwapchainKHR;
 380     PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR fpDestroySwapchainKHR;
 381     PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR fpGetSwapchainImagesKHR;
 382     PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR fpAcquireNextImageKHR;
 383     PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR fpQueuePresentKHR;
 384     PFN_vkGetRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE fpGetRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE;
 385     PFN_vkGetPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE fpGetPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE;
 386     uint32_t swapchainImageCount;
 387     VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
 388     SwapchainImageResources *swapchain_image_resources;
 389     VkPresentModeKHR presentMode;
 390     VkFence fences[FRAME_LAG];
 391     int frame_index;
 392
 393     VkCommandPool cmd_pool;
 394     VkCommandPool present_cmd_pool;
 395
 396     struct {
 397         VkFormat format;
 398
 399         VkImage image;
 400         VkMemoryAllocateInfo mem_alloc;
 401         VkDeviceMemory mem;
 402         VkImageView view;
 403     } depth;
 404
 405     struct texture_object textures[DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT];
 406     struct texture_object staging_texture;
 407
 408     VkCommandBuffer cmd;  // Buffer for initialization commands
 409     VkPipelineLayout pipeline_layout;
 410     VkDescriptorSetLayout desc_layout;
 411     VkPipelineCache pipelineCache;
 412     VkRenderPass render_pass;
 413     VkPipeline pipeline;
 414
 415     mat4x4 projection_matrix;
 416     mat4x4 view_matrix;
 417     mat4x4 model_matrix;
 418
 419     float spin_angle;
 420     float spin_increment;
 421     bool pause;
 422
 423     VkShaderModule vert_shader_module;
 424     VkShaderModule frag_shader_module;
 425
 426     VkDescriptorPool desc_pool;
 427
 428     bool quit;
 429     int32_t curFrame;
 430     int32_t frameCount;
 431     bool validate;
 432     bool validate_checks_disabled;
 433     bool use_break;
 434     bool suppress_popups;
 435
 436     PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
 437     PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
 438     PFN_vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT SubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT;
 439     PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
 440     PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
 441     PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT CmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
 442     PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT;
 443     VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT dbg_messenger;
 444
 445     uint32_t current_buffer;
 446     uint32_t queue_family_count;
 447 };
 448
 449 VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debug_messenger_callback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
 450                                                         VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
 451                                                         const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
 452                                                         void *pUserData) {
 453     char prefix[64] = "";
 454     char *message = (char *)malloc(strlen(pCallbackData->pMessage) + 5000);
 455     assert(message);
 456     struct demo *demo = (struct demo *)pUserData;
 457
 458     if (demo->use_break) {
 459 #ifndef WIN32
 460         raise(SIGTRAP);
 461 #else
 462         DebugBreak();
 463 #endif
 464     }
 465
 466     if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT) {
 467         strcat(prefix, "VERBOSE : ");
 468     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT) {
 469         strcat(prefix, "INFO : ");
 470     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT) {
 471         strcat(prefix, "WARNING : ");
 472     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT) {
 473         strcat(prefix, "ERROR : ");
 474     }
 475
 476     if (messageType & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT) {
 477         strcat(prefix, "GENERAL");
 478     } else {
 479         if (messageType & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT) {
 480             strcat(prefix, "VALIDATION");
 481             validation_error = 1;
 482         }
 483         if (messageType & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT) {
 484             if (messageType & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT) {
 485                 strcat(prefix, "|");
 486             }
 487             strcat(prefix, "PERFORMANCE");
 488         }
 489     }
 490
 491     sprintf(message, "%s - Message Id Number: %d | Message Id Name: %s\n\t%s\n", prefix, pCallbackData->messageIdNumber,
 492             pCallbackData->pMessageIdName, pCallbackData->pMessage);
 493     if (pCallbackData->objectCount > 0) {
 494         char tmp_message[500];
 495         sprintf(tmp_message, "\n\tObjects - %d\n", pCallbackData->objectCount);
 496         strcat(message, tmp_message);
 497         for (uint32_t object = 0; object < pCallbackData->objectCount; ++object) {
 498             if (NULL != pCallbackData->pObjects[object].pObjectName && strlen(pCallbackData->pObjects[object].pObjectName) > 0) {
 499                 sprintf(tmp_message, "\t\tObject[%d] - %s, Handle %p, Name \"%s\"\n", object,
 500                         string_VkObjectType(pCallbackData->pObjects[object].objectType),
 501                         (void *)(pCallbackData->pObjects[object].objectHandle), pCallbackData->pObjects[object].pObjectName);
 502             } else {
 503                 sprintf(tmp_message, "\t\tObject[%d] - %s, Handle %p\n", object,
 504                         string_VkObjectType(pCallbackData->pObjects[object].objectType),
 505                         (void *)(pCallbackData->pObjects[object].objectHandle));
 506             }
 507             strcat(message, tmp_message);
 508         }
 509     }
 510     if (pCallbackData->cmdBufLabelCount > 0) {
 511         char tmp_message[500];
 512         sprintf(tmp_message, "\n\tCommand Buffer Labels - %d\n", pCallbackData->cmdBufLabelCount);
 513         strcat(message, tmp_message);
 514         for (uint32_t cmd_buf_label = 0; cmd_buf_label < pCallbackData->cmdBufLabelCount; ++cmd_buf_label) {
 515             sprintf(tmp_message, "\t\tLabel[%d] - %s { %f, %f, %f, %f}\n", cmd_buf_label,
 516                     pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[cmd_buf_label].pLabelName, pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[cmd_buf_label].color[0],
 517                     pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[cmd_buf_label].color[1], pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[cmd_buf_label].color[2],
 518                     pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[cmd_buf_label].color[3]);
 519             strcat(message, tmp_message);
 520         }
 521     }
 522
 523 #ifdef _WIN32
 524
 525     in_callback = true;
 526     if (!demo->suppress_popups)
 527         MessageBox(NULL, message, "Alert", MB_OK);
 528     in_callback = false;
 529
 530 #elif defined(ANDROID)
 531
 532     if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT) {
 533         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,  APP_SHORT_NAME, "%s", message);
 534     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT) {
 535         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN,  APP_SHORT_NAME, "%s", message);
 536     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT) {
 537         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, APP_SHORT_NAME, "%s", message);
 538     } else if (messageSeverity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT) {
 539         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, APP_SHORT_NAME, "%s", message);
 540     } else {
 541         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,  APP_SHORT_NAME, "%s", message);
 542     }
 543
 544 #else
 545
 546     printf("%s\n", message);
 547     fflush(stdout);
 548
 549 #endif
 550
 551     free(message);
 552
 553     // Don't bail out, but keep going.
 554     return false;
 555 }
 556
 557 bool ActualTimeLate(uint64_t desired, uint64_t actual, uint64_t rdur) {
 558     // The desired time was the earliest time that the present should have
 559     // occured.  In almost every case, the actual time should be later than the
 560     // desired time.  We should only consider the actual time "late" if it is
 561     // after "desired + rdur".
 562     if (actual <= desired) {
 563         // The actual time was before or equal to the desired time.  This will
 564         // probably never happen, but in case it does, return false since the
 565         // present was obviously NOT late.
 566         return false;
 567     }
 568     uint64_t deadline = desired + rdur;
 569     if (actual > deadline) {
 570         return true;
 571     } else {
 572         return false;
 573     }
 574 }
 575 bool CanPresentEarlier(uint64_t earliest, uint64_t actual, uint64_t margin, uint64_t rdur) {
 576     if (earliest < actual) {
 577         // Consider whether this present could have occured earlier.  Make sure
 578         // that earliest time was at least 2msec earlier than actual time, and
 579         // that the margin was at least 2msec:
 580         uint64_t diff = actual - earliest;
 581         if ((diff >= (2 * MILLION)) && (margin >= (2 * MILLION))) {
 582             // This present could have occured earlier because both: 1) the
 583             // earliest time was at least 2 msec before actual time, and 2) the
 584             // margin was at least 2msec.
 585             return true;
 586         }
 587     }
 588     return false;
 589 }
 590
 591 // Forward declaration:
 592 static void demo_resize(struct demo *demo);
 593
 594 static bool memory_type_from_properties(struct demo *demo, uint32_t typeBits, VkFlags requirements_mask, uint32_t *typeIndex) {
 595     // Search memtypes to find first index with those properties
 596     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES; i++) {
 597         if ((typeBits & 1) == 1) {
 598             // Type is available, does it match user properties?
 599             if ((demo->memory_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & requirements_mask) == requirements_mask) {
 600                 *typeIndex = i;
 601                 return true;
 602             }
 603         }
 604         typeBits >>= 1;
 605     }
 606     // No memory types matched, return failure
 607     return false;
 608 }
 609
 610 static void demo_flush_init_cmd(struct demo *demo) {
 611     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
 612
 613     // This function could get called twice if the texture uses a staging buffer
 614     // In that case the second call should be ignored
 615     if (demo->cmd == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return;
 616
 617     err = vkEndCommandBuffer(demo->cmd);
 618     assert(!err);
 619
 620     VkFence fence;
 621     VkFenceCreateInfo fence_ci = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO, .pNext = NULL, .flags = 0};
 622     err = vkCreateFence(demo->device, &fence_ci, NULL, &fence);
 623     assert(!err);
 624
 625     const VkCommandBuffer cmd_bufs[] = {demo->cmd};
 626     VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
 627                                 .pNext = NULL,
 628                                 .waitSemaphoreCount = 0,
 629                                 .pWaitSemaphores = NULL,
 630                                 .pWaitDstStageMask = NULL,
 631                                 .commandBufferCount = 1,
 632                                 .pCommandBuffers = cmd_bufs,
 633                                 .signalSemaphoreCount = 0,
 634                                 .pSignalSemaphores = NULL};
 635
 636     err = vkQueueSubmit(demo->graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, fence);
 637     assert(!err);
 638
 639     err = vkWaitForFences(demo->device, 1, &fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
 640     assert(!err);
 641
 642     vkFreeCommandBuffers(demo->device, demo->cmd_pool, 1, cmd_bufs);
 643     vkDestroyFence(demo->device, fence, NULL);
 644     demo->cmd = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 645 }
 646
 647 static void demo_set_image_layout(struct demo *demo, VkImage image, VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask, VkImageLayout old_image_layout,
 648                                   VkImageLayout new_image_layout, VkAccessFlagBits srcAccessMask, VkPipelineStageFlags src_stages,
 649                                   VkPipelineStageFlags dest_stages) {
 650     assert(demo->cmd);
 651
 652     VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
 653                                                  .pNext = NULL,
 654                                                  .srcAccessMask = srcAccessMask,
 655                                                  .dstAccessMask = 0,
 656                                                  .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
 657                                                  .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
 658                                                  .oldLayout = old_image_layout,
 659                                                  .newLayout = new_image_layout,
 660                                                  .image = image,
 661                                                  .subresourceRange = {aspectMask, 0, 1, 0, 1}};
 662
 663     switch (new_image_layout) {
 664         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
 665             /* Make sure anything that was copying from this image has completed */
 666             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
 667             break;
 668
 669         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
 670             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
 671             break;
 672
 673         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
 674             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
 675             break;
 676
 677         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
 678             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
 679             break;
 680
 681         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL:
 682             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
 683             break;
 684
 685         case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR:
 686             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
 687             break;
 688
 689         default:
 690             image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
 691             break;
 692     }
 693
 694     VkImageMemoryBarrier *pmemory_barrier = &image_memory_barrier;
 695
 696     vkCmdPipelineBarrier(demo->cmd, src_stages, dest_stages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1, pmemory_barrier);
 697 }
 698
 699 static void demo_draw_build_cmd(struct demo *demo, VkCommandBuffer cmd_buf) {
 700     VkDebugUtilsLabelEXT label;
 701     memset(&label, 0, sizeof(label));
 702     const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = {
 703         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
 704         .pNext = NULL,
 705         .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT,
 706         .pInheritanceInfo = NULL,
 707     };
 708     const VkClearValue clear_values[2] = {
 709         [0] = {.color.float32 = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f}},
 710         [1] = {.depthStencil = {1.0f, 0}},
 711     };
 712     const VkRenderPassBeginInfo rp_begin = {
 713         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
 714         .pNext = NULL,
 715         .renderPass = demo->render_pass,
 716         .framebuffer = demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].framebuffer,
 717         .renderArea.offset.x = 0,
 718         .renderArea.offset.y = 0,
 719         .renderArea.extent.width = demo->width,
 720         .renderArea.extent.height = demo->height,
 721         .clearValueCount = 2,
 722         .pClearValues = clear_values,
 723     };
 724     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
 725
 726     err = vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmd_buf, &cmd_buf_info);
 727
 728     if (demo->validate) {
 729         // Set a name for the command buffer
 730         VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT cmd_buf_name = {
 731             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
 732             .pNext = NULL,
 733             .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER,
 734             .objectHandle = (uint64_t)cmd_buf,
 735             .pObjectName = "CubeDrawCommandBuf",
 736         };
 737         demo->SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(demo->device, &cmd_buf_name);
 738
 739         label.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT;
 740         label.pNext = NULL;
 741         label.pLabelName = "DrawBegin";
 742         label.color[0] = 0.4f;
 743         label.color[1] = 0.3f;
 744         label.color[2] = 0.2f;
 745         label.color[3] = 0.1f;
 746         demo->CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf, &label);
 747     }
 748
 749     assert(!err);
 750     vkCmdBeginRenderPass(cmd_buf, &rp_begin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
 751
 752     if (demo->validate) {
 753         label.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT;
 754         label.pNext = NULL;
 755         label.pLabelName = "InsideRenderPass";
 756         label.color[0] = 8.4f;
 757         label.color[1] = 7.3f;
 758         label.color[2] = 6.2f;
 759         label.color[3] = 7.1f;
 760         demo->CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf, &label);
 761     }
 762
 763     vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd_buf, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, demo->pipeline);
 764     vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmd_buf, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, demo->pipeline_layout, 0, 1,
 765                             &demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].descriptor_set, 0, NULL);
 766     VkViewport viewport;
 767     memset(&viewport, 0, sizeof(viewport));
 768     viewport.height = (float)demo->height;
 769     viewport.width = (float)demo->width;
 770     viewport.minDepth = (float)0.0f;
 771     viewport.maxDepth = (float)1.0f;
 772     vkCmdSetViewport(cmd_buf, 0, 1, &viewport);
 773
 774     VkRect2D scissor;
 775     memset(&scissor, 0, sizeof(scissor));
 776     scissor.extent.width = demo->width;
 777     scissor.extent.height = demo->height;
 778     scissor.offset.x = 0;
 779     scissor.offset.y = 0;
 780     vkCmdSetScissor(cmd_buf, 0, 1, &scissor);
 781
 782     if (demo->validate) {
 783         label.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT;
 784         label.pNext = NULL;
 785         label.pLabelName = "ActualDraw";
 786         label.color[0] = -0.4f;
 787         label.color[1] = -0.3f;
 788         label.color[2] = -0.2f;
 789         label.color[3] = -0.1f;
 790         demo->CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf, &label);
 791     }
 792
 793     vkCmdDraw(cmd_buf, 12 * 3, 1, 0, 0);
 794     if (demo->validate) {
 795         demo->CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf);
 796     }
 797
 798     // Note that ending the renderpass changes the image's layout from
 799     // COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL to PRESENT_SRC_KHR
 800     vkCmdEndRenderPass(cmd_buf);
 801     if (demo->validate) {
 802         demo->CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf);
 803     }
 804
 805     if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
 806         // We have to transfer ownership from the graphics queue family to the
 807         // present queue family to be able to present.  Note that we don't have
 808         // to transfer from present queue family back to graphics queue family at
 809         // the start of the next frame because we don't care about the image's
 810         // contents at that point.
 811         VkImageMemoryBarrier image_ownership_barrier = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
 812                                                         .pNext = NULL,
 813                                                         .srcAccessMask = 0,
 814                                                         .dstAccessMask = 0,
 815                                                         .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
 816                                                         .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
 817                                                         .srcQueueFamilyIndex = demo->graphics_queue_family_index,
 818                                                         .dstQueueFamilyIndex = demo->present_queue_family_index,
 819                                                         .image = demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].image,
 820                                                         .subresourceRange = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};
 821
 822         vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmd_buf, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0, NULL, 0,
 823                              NULL, 1, &image_ownership_barrier);
 824     }
 825     if (demo->validate) {
 826         demo->CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd_buf);
 827     }
 828     err = vkEndCommandBuffer(cmd_buf);
 829     assert(!err);
 830 }
 831
 832 void demo_build_image_ownership_cmd(struct demo *demo, int i) {
 833     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
 834
 835     const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = {
 836         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
 837         .pNext = NULL,
 838         .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT,
 839         .pInheritanceInfo = NULL,
 840     };
 841     err = vkBeginCommandBuffer(demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].graphics_to_present_cmd, &cmd_buf_info);
 842     assert(!err);
 843
 844     VkImageMemoryBarrier image_ownership_barrier = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
 845                                                     .pNext = NULL,
 846                                                     .srcAccessMask = 0,
 847                                                     .dstAccessMask = 0,
 848                                                     .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
 849                                                     .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
 850                                                     .srcQueueFamilyIndex = demo->graphics_queue_family_index,
 851                                                     .dstQueueFamilyIndex = demo->present_queue_family_index,
 852                                                     .image = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].image,
 853                                                     .subresourceRange = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};
 854
 855     vkCmdPipelineBarrier(demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].graphics_to_present_cmd, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
 856                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1, &image_ownership_barrier);
 857     err = vkEndCommandBuffer(demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].graphics_to_present_cmd);
 858     assert(!err);
 859 }
 860
 861 void demo_update_data_buffer(struct demo *demo) {
 862     mat4x4 MVP, Model, VP;
 863     int matrixSize = sizeof(MVP);
 864     uint8_t *pData;
 865     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
 866
 867     mat4x4_mul(VP, demo->projection_matrix, demo->view_matrix);
 868
 869     // Rotate around the Y axis
 870     mat4x4_dup(Model, demo->model_matrix);
 871     mat4x4_rotate(demo->model_matrix, Model, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, (float)degreesToRadians(demo->spin_angle));
 872     mat4x4_mul(MVP, VP, demo->model_matrix);
 873
 874     err = vkMapMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].uniform_memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0,
 875                       (void **)&pData);
 876     assert(!err);
 877
 878     memcpy(pData, (const void *)&MVP[0][0], matrixSize);
 879
 880     vkUnmapMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].uniform_memory);
 881 }
 882
 883 void DemoUpdateTargetIPD(struct demo *demo) {
 884     // Look at what happened to previous presents, and make appropriate
 885     // adjustments in timing:
 886     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
 887     VkPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE *past = NULL;
 888     uint32_t count = 0;
 889
 890     err = demo->fpGetPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE(demo->device, demo->swapchain, &count, NULL);
 891     assert(!err);
 892     if (count) {
 893         past = (VkPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE *)malloc(sizeof(VkPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE) * count);
 894         assert(past);
 895         err = demo->fpGetPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE(demo->device, demo->swapchain, &count, past);
 896         assert(!err);
 897
 898         bool early = false;
 899         bool late = false;
 900         bool calibrate_next = false;
 901         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 902             if (!demo->syncd_with_actual_presents) {
 903                 // This is the first time that we've received an
 904                 // actualPresentTime for this swapchain.  In order to not
 905                 // perceive these early frames as "late", we need to sync-up
 906                 // our future desiredPresentTime's with the
 907                 // actualPresentTime(s) that we're receiving now.
 908                 calibrate_next = true;
 909
 910                 // So that we don't suspect any pending presents as late,
 911                 // record them all as suspected-late presents:
 912                 demo->last_late_id = demo->next_present_id - 1;
 913                 demo->last_early_id = 0;
 914                 demo->syncd_with_actual_presents = true;
 915                 break;
 916             } else if (CanPresentEarlier(past[i].earliestPresentTime, past[i].actualPresentTime, past[i].presentMargin,
 917                                          demo->refresh_duration)) {
 918                 // This image could have been presented earlier.  We don't want
 919                 // to decrease the target_IPD until we've seen early presents
 920                 // for at least two seconds.
 921                 if (demo->last_early_id == past[i].presentID) {
 922                     // We've now seen two seconds worth of early presents.
 923                     // Flag it as such, and reset the counter:
 924                     early = true;
 925                     demo->last_early_id = 0;
 926                 } else if (demo->last_early_id == 0) {
 927                     // This is the first early present we've seen.
 928                     // Calculate the presentID for two seconds from now.
 929                     uint64_t lastEarlyTime = past[i].actualPresentTime + (2 * BILLION);
 930                     uint32_t howManyPresents = (uint32_t)((lastEarlyTime - past[i].actualPresentTime) / demo->target_IPD);
 931                     demo->last_early_id = past[i].presentID + howManyPresents;
 932                 } else {
 933                     // We are in the midst of a set of early images,
 934                     // and so we won't do anything.
 935                 }
 936                 late = false;
 937                 demo->last_late_id = 0;
 938             } else if (ActualTimeLate(past[i].desiredPresentTime, past[i].actualPresentTime, demo->refresh_duration)) {
 939                 // This image was presented after its desired time.  Since
 940                 // there's a delay between calling vkQueuePresentKHR and when
 941                 // we get the timing data, several presents may have been late.
 942                 // Thus, we need to threat all of the outstanding presents as
 943                 // being likely late, so that we only increase the target_IPD
 944                 // once for all of those presents.
 945                 if ((demo->last_late_id == 0) || (demo->last_late_id < past[i].presentID)) {
 946                     late = true;
 947                     // Record the last suspected-late present:
 948                     demo->last_late_id = demo->next_present_id - 1;
 949                 } else {
 950                     // We are in the midst of a set of likely-late images,
 951                     // and so we won't do anything.
 952                 }
 953                 early = false;
 954                 demo->last_early_id = 0;
 955             } else {
 956                 // Since this image was not presented early or late, reset
 957                 // any sets of early or late presentIDs:
 958                 early = false;
 959                 late = false;
 960                 calibrate_next = true;
 961                 demo->last_early_id = 0;
 962                 demo->last_late_id = 0;
 963             }
 964         }
 965
 966         if (early) {
 967             // Since we've seen at least two-seconds worth of presnts that
 968             // could have occured earlier than desired, let's decrease the
 969             // target_IPD (i.e. increase the frame rate):
 970             //
 971             // TODO(ianelliott): Try to calculate a better target_IPD based
 972             // on the most recently-seen present (this is overly-simplistic).
 973             demo->refresh_duration_multiplier--;
 974             if (demo->refresh_duration_multiplier == 0) {
 975                 // This should never happen, but in case it does, don't
 976                 // try to go faster.
 977                 demo->refresh_duration_multiplier = 1;
 978             }
 979             demo->target_IPD = demo->refresh_duration * demo->refresh_duration_multiplier;
 980         }
 981         if (late) {
 982             // Since we found a new instance of a late present, we want to
 983             // increase the target_IPD (i.e. decrease the frame rate):
 984             //
 985             // TODO(ianelliott): Try to calculate a better target_IPD based
 986             // on the most recently-seen present (this is overly-simplistic).
 987             demo->refresh_duration_multiplier++;
 988             demo->target_IPD = demo->refresh_duration * demo->refresh_duration_multiplier;
 989         }
 990
 991         if (calibrate_next) {
 992             int64_t multiple = demo->next_present_id - past[count - 1].presentID;
 993             demo->prev_desired_present_time = (past[count - 1].actualPresentTime + (multiple * demo->target_IPD));
 994         }
 995         free(past);
 996     }
 997 }
 998
 999 static void demo_draw(struct demo *demo) {
1000     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1001
1002     // Ensure no more than FRAME_LAG renderings are outstanding
1003     vkWaitForFences(demo->device, 1, &demo->fences[demo->frame_index], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
1004     vkResetFences(demo->device, 1, &demo->fences[demo->frame_index]);
1005
1006     do {
1007         // Get the index of the next available swapchain image:
1008         err =
1009             demo->fpAcquireNextImageKHR(demo->device, demo->swapchain, UINT64_MAX,
1010                                         demo->image_acquired_semaphores[demo->frame_index], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &demo->current_buffer);
1011
1012         if (err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
1013             // demo->swapchain is out of date (e.g. the window was resized) and
1014             // must be recreated:
1015             demo_resize(demo);
1016         } else if (err == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
1017             // demo->swapchain is not as optimal as it could be, but the platform's
1018             // presentation engine will still present the image correctly.
1019             break;
1020         } else {
1021             assert(!err);
1022         }
1023     } while (err != VK_SUCCESS);
1024
1025     demo_update_data_buffer(demo);
1026
1027     if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
1028         // Look at what happened to previous presents, and make appropriate
1029         // adjustments in timing:
1030         DemoUpdateTargetIPD(demo);
1031
1032         // Note: a real application would position its geometry to that it's in
1033         // the correct locatoin for when the next image is presented.  It might
1034         // also wait, so that there's less latency between any input and when
1035         // the next image is rendered/presented.  This demo program is so
1036         // simple that it doesn't do either of those.
1037     }
1038
1039     // Wait for the image acquired semaphore to be signaled to ensure
1040     // that the image won't be rendered to until the presentation
1041     // engine has fully released ownership to the application, and it is
1042     // okay to render to the image.
1043     VkPipelineStageFlags pipe_stage_flags;
1044     VkSubmitInfo submit_info;
1045     submit_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
1046     submit_info.pNext = NULL;
1047     submit_info.pWaitDstStageMask = &pipe_stage_flags;
1048     pipe_stage_flags = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
1049     submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
1050     submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = &demo->image_acquired_semaphores[demo->frame_index];
1051     submit_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
1052     submit_info.pCommandBuffers = &demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].cmd;
1053     submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
1054     submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = &demo->draw_complete_semaphores[demo->frame_index];
1055     err = vkQueueSubmit(demo->graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, demo->fences[demo->frame_index]);
1056     assert(!err);
1057
1058     if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
1059         // If we are using separate queues, change image ownership to the
1060         // present queue before presenting, waiting for the draw complete
1061         // semaphore and signalling the ownership released semaphore when finished
1062         VkFence nullFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1063         pipe_stage_flags = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
1064         submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
1065         submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = &demo->draw_complete_semaphores[demo->frame_index];
1066         submit_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
1067         submit_info.pCommandBuffers = &demo->swapchain_image_resources[demo->current_buffer].graphics_to_present_cmd;
1068         submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
1069         submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = &demo->image_ownership_semaphores[demo->frame_index];
1070         err = vkQueueSubmit(demo->present_queue, 1, &submit_info, nullFence);
1071         assert(!err);
1072     }
1073
1074     // If we are using separate queues we have to wait for image ownership,
1075     // otherwise wait for draw complete
1076     VkPresentInfoKHR present = {
1077         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
1078         .pNext = NULL,
1079         .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
1080         .pWaitSemaphores = (demo->separate_present_queue) ? &demo->image_ownership_semaphores[demo->frame_index]
1081                                                           : &demo->draw_complete_semaphores[demo->frame_index],
1082         .swapchainCount = 1,
1083         .pSwapchains = &demo->swapchain,
1084         .pImageIndices = &demo->current_buffer,
1085     };
1086
1087     VkRectLayerKHR rect;
1088     VkPresentRegionKHR region;
1089     VkPresentRegionsKHR regions;
1090     if (demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled) {
1091         // If using VK_KHR_incremental_present, we provide a hint of the region
1092         // that contains changed content relative to the previously-presented
1093         // image.  The implementation can use this hint in order to save
1094         // work/power (by only copying the region in the hint).  The
1095         // implementation is free to ignore the hint though, and so we must
1096         // ensure that the entire image has the correctly-drawn content.
1097         uint32_t eighthOfWidth = demo->width / 8;
1098         uint32_t eighthOfHeight = demo->height / 8;
1099
1100         rect.offset.x = eighthOfWidth;
1101         rect.offset.y = eighthOfHeight;
1102         rect.extent.width = eighthOfWidth * 6;
1103         rect.extent.height = eighthOfHeight * 6;
1104         rect.layer = 0;
1105
1106         region.rectangleCount = 1;
1107         region.pRectangles = &rect;
1108
1109         regions.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_REGIONS_KHR;
1110         regions.pNext = present.pNext;
1111         regions.swapchainCount = present.swapchainCount;
1112         regions.pRegions = &region;
1113         present.pNext = &regions;
1114     }
1115
1116     if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
1117         VkPresentTimeGOOGLE ptime;
1118         if (demo->prev_desired_present_time == 0) {
1119             // This must be the first present for this swapchain.
1120             //
1121             // We don't know where we are relative to the presentation engine's
1122             // display's refresh cycle.  We also don't know how long rendering
1123             // takes.  Let's make a grossly-simplified assumption that the
1124             // desiredPresentTime should be half way between now and
1125             // now+target_IPD.  We will adjust over time.
1126             uint64_t curtime = getTimeInNanoseconds();
1127             if (curtime == 0) {
1128                 // Since we didn't find out the current time, don't give a
1129                 // desiredPresentTime:
1130                 ptime.desiredPresentTime = 0;
1131             } else {
1132                 ptime.desiredPresentTime = curtime + (demo->target_IPD >> 1);
1133             }
1134         } else {
1135             ptime.desiredPresentTime = (demo->prev_desired_present_time + demo->target_IPD);
1136         }
1137         ptime.presentID = demo->next_present_id++;
1138         demo->prev_desired_present_time = ptime.desiredPresentTime;
1139
1140         VkPresentTimesInfoGOOGLE present_time = {
1141             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_TIMES_INFO_GOOGLE,
1142             .pNext = present.pNext,
1143             .swapchainCount = present.swapchainCount,
1144             .pTimes = &ptime,
1145         };
1146         if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
1147             present.pNext = &present_time;
1148         }
1149     }
1150
1151     err = demo->fpQueuePresentKHR(demo->present_queue, &present);
1152     demo->frame_index += 1;
1153     demo->frame_index %= FRAME_LAG;
1154
1155     if (err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
1156         // demo->swapchain is out of date (e.g. the window was resized) and
1157         // must be recreated:
1158         demo_resize(demo);
1159     } else if (err == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
1160         // demo->swapchain is not as optimal as it could be, but the platform's
1161         // presentation engine will still present the image correctly.
1162     } else {
1163         assert(!err);
1164     }
1165 }
1166
1167 static void demo_prepare_buffers(struct demo *demo) {
1168     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1169     VkSwapchainKHR oldSwapchain = demo->swapchain;
1170
1171     // Check the surface capabilities and formats
1172     VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfCapabilities;
1173     err = demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(demo->gpu, demo->surface, &surfCapabilities);
1174     assert(!err);
1175
1176     uint32_t presentModeCount;
1177     err = demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(demo->gpu, demo->surface, &presentModeCount, NULL);
1178     assert(!err);
1179     VkPresentModeKHR *presentModes = (VkPresentModeKHR *)malloc(presentModeCount * sizeof(VkPresentModeKHR));
1180     assert(presentModes);
1181     err = demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(demo->gpu, demo->surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes);
1182     assert(!err);
1183
1184     VkExtent2D swapchainExtent;
1185     // width and height are either both 0xFFFFFFFF, or both not 0xFFFFFFFF.
1186     if (surfCapabilities.currentExtent.width == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
1187         // If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to the size
1188         // of the images requested, which must fit within the minimum and
1189         // maximum values.
1190         swapchainExtent.width = demo->width;
1191         swapchainExtent.height = demo->height;
1192
1193         if (swapchainExtent.width < surfCapabilities.minImageExtent.width) {
1194             swapchainExtent.width = surfCapabilities.minImageExtent.width;
1195         } else if (swapchainExtent.width > surfCapabilities.maxImageExtent.width) {
1196             swapchainExtent.width = surfCapabilities.maxImageExtent.width;
1197         }
1198
1199         if (swapchainExtent.height < surfCapabilities.minImageExtent.height) {
1200             swapchainExtent.height = surfCapabilities.minImageExtent.height;
1201         } else if (swapchainExtent.height > surfCapabilities.maxImageExtent.height) {
1202             swapchainExtent.height = surfCapabilities.maxImageExtent.height;
1203         }
1204     } else {
1205         // If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
1206         swapchainExtent = surfCapabilities.currentExtent;
1207         demo->width = surfCapabilities.currentExtent.width;
1208         demo->height = surfCapabilities.currentExtent.height;
1209     }
1210
1211     if (demo->width == 0 || demo->height == 0) {
1212         demo->is_minimized = true;
1213         return;
1214     } else {
1215         demo->is_minimized = false;
1216     }
1217
1218     // The FIFO present mode is guaranteed by the spec to be supported
1219     // and to have no tearing.  It's a great default present mode to use.
1220     VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
1221
1222     //  There are times when you may wish to use another present mode.  The
1223     //  following code shows how to select them, and the comments provide some
1224     //  reasons you may wish to use them.
1225     //
1226     // It should be noted that Vulkan 1.0 doesn't provide a method for
1227     // synchronizing rendering with the presentation engine's display.  There
1228     // is a method provided for throttling rendering with the display, but
1229     // there are some presentation engines for which this method will not work.
1230     // If an application doesn't throttle its rendering, and if it renders much
1231     // faster than the refresh rate of the display, this can waste power on
1232     // mobile devices.  That is because power is being spent rendering images
1233     // that may never be seen.
1234
1235     // VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR is for applications that don't care about
1236     // tearing, or have some way of synchronizing their rendering with the
1237     // display.
1238     // VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR may be useful for applications that
1239     // generally render a new presentable image every refresh cycle, but are
1240     // occasionally early.  In this case, the application wants the new image
1241     // to be displayed instead of the previously-queued-for-presentation image
1242     // that has not yet been displayed.
1243     // VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR is for applications that generally
1244     // render a new presentable image every refresh cycle, but are occasionally
1245     // late.  In this case (perhaps because of stuttering/latency concerns),
1246     // the application wants the late image to be immediately displayed, even
1247     // though that may mean some tearing.
1248
1249     if (demo->presentMode != swapchainPresentMode) {
1250         for (size_t i = 0; i < presentModeCount; ++i) {
1251             if (presentModes[i] == demo->presentMode) {
1252                 swapchainPresentMode = demo->presentMode;
1253                 break;
1254             }
1255         }
1256     }
1257     if (swapchainPresentMode != demo->presentMode) {
1258         ERR_EXIT("Present mode specified is not supported\n", "Present mode unsupported");
1259     }
1260
1261     // Determine the number of VkImages to use in the swap chain.
1262     // Application desires to acquire 3 images at a time for triple
1263     // buffering
1264     uint32_t desiredNumOfSwapchainImages = 3;
1265     if (desiredNumOfSwapchainImages < surfCapabilities.minImageCount) {
1266         desiredNumOfSwapchainImages = surfCapabilities.minImageCount;
1267     }
1268     // If maxImageCount is 0, we can ask for as many images as we want;
1269     // otherwise we're limited to maxImageCount
1270     if ((surfCapabilities.maxImageCount > 0) && (desiredNumOfSwapchainImages > surfCapabilities.maxImageCount)) {
1271         // Application must settle for fewer images than desired:
1272         desiredNumOfSwapchainImages = surfCapabilities.maxImageCount;
1273     }
1274
1275     VkSurfaceTransformFlagsKHR preTransform;
1276     if (surfCapabilities.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR) {
1277         preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
1278     } else {
1279         preTransform = surfCapabilities.currentTransform;
1280     }
1281
1282     // Find a supported composite alpha mode - one of these is guaranteed to be set
1283     VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
1284     VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR compositeAlphaFlags[4] = {
1285         VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
1286         VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
1287         VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
1288         VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR,
1289     };
1290     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(compositeAlphaFlags); i++) {
1291         if (surfCapabilities.supportedCompositeAlpha & compositeAlphaFlags[i]) {
1292             compositeAlpha = compositeAlphaFlags[i];
1293             break;
1294         }
1295     }
1296
1297     VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_ci = {
1298         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
1299         .pNext = NULL,
1300         .surface = demo->surface,
1301         .minImageCount = desiredNumOfSwapchainImages,
1302         .imageFormat = demo->format,
1303         .imageColorSpace = demo->color_space,
1304         .imageExtent =
1305             {
1306                 .width = swapchainExtent.width,
1307                 .height = swapchainExtent.height,
1308             },
1309         .imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
1310         .preTransform = preTransform,
1311         .compositeAlpha = compositeAlpha,
1312         .imageArrayLayers = 1,
1313         .imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
1314         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
1315         .pQueueFamilyIndices = NULL,
1316         .presentMode = swapchainPresentMode,
1317         .oldSwapchain = oldSwapchain,
1318         .clipped = true,
1319     };
1320     uint32_t i;
1321     err = demo->fpCreateSwapchainKHR(demo->device, &swapchain_ci, NULL, &demo->swapchain);
1322     assert(!err);
1323
1324     // If we just re-created an existing swapchain, we should destroy the old
1325     // swapchain at this point.
1326     // Note: destroying the swapchain also cleans up all its associated
1327     // presentable images once the platform is done with them.
1328     if (oldSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
1329         demo->fpDestroySwapchainKHR(demo->device, oldSwapchain, NULL);
1330     }
1331
1332     err = demo->fpGetSwapchainImagesKHR(demo->device, demo->swapchain, &demo->swapchainImageCount, NULL);
1333     assert(!err);
1334
1335     VkImage *swapchainImages = (VkImage *)malloc(demo->swapchainImageCount * sizeof(VkImage));
1336     assert(swapchainImages);
1337     err = demo->fpGetSwapchainImagesKHR(demo->device, demo->swapchain, &demo->swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages);
1338     assert(!err);
1339
1340     demo->swapchain_image_resources =
1341         (SwapchainImageResources *)malloc(sizeof(SwapchainImageResources) * demo->swapchainImageCount);
1342     assert(demo->swapchain_image_resources);
1343
1344     for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
1345         VkImageViewCreateInfo color_image_view = {
1346             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
1347             .pNext = NULL,
1348             .format = demo->format,
1349             .components =
1350                 {
1351                     .r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
1352                     .g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
1353                     .b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
1354                     .a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A,
1355                 },
1356             .subresourceRange =
1357                 {.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, .baseMipLevel = 0, .levelCount = 1, .baseArrayLayer = 0, .layerCount = 1},
1358             .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
1359             .flags = 0,
1360         };
1361
1362         demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].image = swapchainImages[i];
1363
1364         color_image_view.image = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].image;
1365
1366         err = vkCreateImageView(demo->device, &color_image_view, NULL, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].view);
1367         assert(!err);
1368     }
1369
1370     if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
1371         VkRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE rc_dur;
1372         err = demo->fpGetRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE(demo->device, demo->swapchain, &rc_dur);
1373         assert(!err);
1374         demo->refresh_duration = rc_dur.refreshDuration;
1375
1376         demo->syncd_with_actual_presents = false;
1377         // Initially target 1X the refresh duration:
1378         demo->target_IPD = demo->refresh_duration;
1379         demo->refresh_duration_multiplier = 1;
1380         demo->prev_desired_present_time = 0;
1381         demo->next_present_id = 1;
1382     }
1383
1384     if (NULL != swapchainImages) {
1385         free(swapchainImages);
1386     }
1387
1388     if (NULL != presentModes) {
1389         free(presentModes);
1390     }
1391 }
1392
1393 static void demo_prepare_depth(struct demo *demo) {
1394     const VkFormat depth_format = VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM;
1395     const VkImageCreateInfo image = {
1396         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
1397         .pNext = NULL,
1398         .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
1399         .format = depth_format,
1400         .extent = {demo->width, demo->height, 1},
1401         .mipLevels = 1,
1402         .arrayLayers = 1,
1403         .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
1404         .tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
1405         .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
1406         .flags = 0,
1407     };
1408
1409     VkImageViewCreateInfo view = {
1410         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
1411         .pNext = NULL,
1412         .image = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
1413         .format = depth_format,
1414         .subresourceRange =
1415             {.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, .baseMipLevel = 0, .levelCount = 1, .baseArrayLayer = 0, .layerCount = 1},
1416         .flags = 0,
1417         .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
1418     };
1419
1420     VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
1421     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1422     bool U_ASSERT_ONLY pass;
1423
1424     demo->depth.format = depth_format;
1425
1426     /* create image */
1427     err = vkCreateImage(demo->device, &image, NULL, &demo->depth.image);
1428     assert(!err);
1429
1430     vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(demo->device, demo->depth.image, &mem_reqs);
1431     assert(!err);
1432
1433     demo->depth.mem_alloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
1434     demo->depth.mem_alloc.pNext = NULL;
1435     demo->depth.mem_alloc.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size;
1436     demo->depth.mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;
1437
1438     pass = memory_type_from_properties(demo, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
1439                                        &demo->depth.mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
1440     assert(pass);
1441
1442     /* allocate memory */
1443     err = vkAllocateMemory(demo->device, &demo->depth.mem_alloc, NULL, &demo->depth.mem);
1444     assert(!err);
1445
1446     /* bind memory */
1447     err = vkBindImageMemory(demo->device, demo->depth.image, demo->depth.mem, 0);
1448     assert(!err);
1449
1450     /* create image view */
1451     view.image = demo->depth.image;
1452     err = vkCreateImageView(demo->device, &view, NULL, &demo->depth.view);
1453     assert(!err);
1454 }
1455
1456 /* Convert ppm image data from header file into RGBA texture image */
1457 #include "lunarg.ppm.h"
1458 bool loadTexture(const char *filename, uint8_t *rgba_data, VkSubresourceLayout *layout, int32_t *width, int32_t *height) {
1459     (void)filename;
1460     char *cPtr;
1461     cPtr = (char *)lunarg_ppm;
1462     if ((unsigned char *)cPtr >= (lunarg_ppm + lunarg_ppm_len) || strncmp(cPtr, "P6\n", 3)) {
1463         return false;
1464     }
1465     while (strncmp(cPtr++, "\n", 1))
1466         ;
1467     sscanf(cPtr, "%u %u", width, height);
1468     if (rgba_data == NULL) {
1469         return true;
1470     }
1471     while (strncmp(cPtr++, "\n", 1))
1472         ;
1473     if ((unsigned char *)cPtr >= (lunarg_ppm + lunarg_ppm_len) || strncmp(cPtr, "255\n", 4)) {
1474         return false;
1475     }
1476     while (strncmp(cPtr++, "\n", 1))
1477         ;
1478     for (int y = 0; y < *height; y++) {
1479         uint8_t *rowPtr = rgba_data;
1480         for (int x = 0; x < *width; x++) {
1481             memcpy(rowPtr, cPtr, 3);
1482             rowPtr[3] = 255; /* Alpha of 1 */
1483             rowPtr += 4;
1484             cPtr += 3;
1485         }
1486         rgba_data += layout->rowPitch;
1487     }
1488     return true;
1489 }
1490
1491 static void demo_prepare_texture_buffer(struct demo *demo, const char *filename, struct texture_object *tex_obj) {
1492     int32_t tex_width;
1493     int32_t tex_height;
1494     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1495     bool U_ASSERT_ONLY pass;
1496
1497     if (!loadTexture(filename, NULL, NULL, &tex_width, &tex_height)) {
1498         ERR_EXIT("Failed to load textures", "Load Texture Failure");
1499     }
1500
1501     tex_obj->tex_width = tex_width;
1502     tex_obj->tex_height = tex_height;
1503
1504     const VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_create_info = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
1505                                                    .pNext = NULL,
1506                                                    .flags = 0,
1507                                                    .size = tex_width * tex_height * 4,
1508                                                    .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
1509                                                    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
1510                                                    .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
1511                                                    .pQueueFamilyIndices = NULL};
1512
1513     err = vkCreateBuffer(demo->device, &buffer_create_info, NULL, &tex_obj->buffer);
1514     assert(!err);
1515
1516     VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
1517     vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(demo->device, tex_obj->buffer, &mem_reqs);
1518
1519     tex_obj->mem_alloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
1520     tex_obj->mem_alloc.pNext = NULL;
1521     tex_obj->mem_alloc.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size;
1522     tex_obj->mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;
1523
1524     VkFlags requirements = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
1525     pass = memory_type_from_properties(demo, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits, requirements, &tex_obj->mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
1526     assert(pass);
1527
1528     err = vkAllocateMemory(demo->device, &tex_obj->mem_alloc, NULL, &(tex_obj->mem));
1529     assert(!err);
1530
1531     /* bind memory */
1532     err = vkBindBufferMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->buffer, tex_obj->mem, 0);
1533     assert(!err);
1534
1535     VkSubresourceLayout layout;
1536     memset(&layout, 0, sizeof(layout));
1537     layout.rowPitch = tex_width * 4;
1538
1539     void *data;
1540     err = vkMapMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->mem, 0, tex_obj->mem_alloc.allocationSize, 0, &data);
1541     assert(!err);
1542
1543     if (!loadTexture(filename, data, &layout, &tex_width, &tex_height)) {
1544         fprintf(stderr, "Error loading texture: %s\n", filename);
1545     }
1546
1547     vkUnmapMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->mem);
1548 }
1549
1550 static void demo_prepare_texture_image(struct demo *demo, const char *filename, struct texture_object *tex_obj,
1551                                        VkImageTiling tiling, VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkFlags required_props) {
1552     const VkFormat tex_format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
1553     int32_t tex_width;
1554     int32_t tex_height;
1555     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1556     bool U_ASSERT_ONLY pass;
1557
1558     if (!loadTexture(filename, NULL, NULL, &tex_width, &tex_height)) {
1559         ERR_EXIT("Failed to load textures", "Load Texture Failure");
1560     }
1561
1562     tex_obj->tex_width = tex_width;
1563     tex_obj->tex_height = tex_height;
1564
1565     const VkImageCreateInfo image_create_info = {
1566         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
1567         .pNext = NULL,
1568         .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
1569         .format = tex_format,
1570         .extent = {tex_width, tex_height, 1},
1571         .mipLevels = 1,
1572         .arrayLayers = 1,
1573         .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
1574         .tiling = tiling,
1575         .usage = usage,
1576         .flags = 0,
1577         .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
1578     };
1579
1580     VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
1581
1582     err = vkCreateImage(demo->device, &image_create_info, NULL, &tex_obj->image);
1583     assert(!err);
1584
1585     vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(demo->device, tex_obj->image, &mem_reqs);
1586
1587     tex_obj->mem_alloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
1588     tex_obj->mem_alloc.pNext = NULL;
1589     tex_obj->mem_alloc.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size;
1590     tex_obj->mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;
1591
1592     pass = memory_type_from_properties(demo, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits, required_props, &tex_obj->mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
1593     assert(pass);
1594
1595     /* allocate memory */
1596     err = vkAllocateMemory(demo->device, &tex_obj->mem_alloc, NULL, &(tex_obj->mem));
1597     assert(!err);
1598
1599     /* bind memory */
1600     err = vkBindImageMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->image, tex_obj->mem, 0);
1601     assert(!err);
1602
1603     if (required_props & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) {
1604         const VkImageSubresource subres = {
1605             .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
1606             .mipLevel = 0,
1607             .arrayLayer = 0,
1608         };
1609         VkSubresourceLayout layout;
1610         void *data;
1611
1612         vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(demo->device, tex_obj->image, &subres, &layout);
1613
1614         err = vkMapMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->mem, 0, tex_obj->mem_alloc.allocationSize, 0, &data);
1615         assert(!err);
1616
1617         if (!loadTexture(filename, data, &layout, &tex_width, &tex_height)) {
1618             fprintf(stderr, "Error loading texture: %s\n", filename);
1619         }
1620
1621         vkUnmapMemory(demo->device, tex_obj->mem);
1622     }
1623
1624     tex_obj->imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
1625 }
1626
1627 static void demo_destroy_texture(struct demo *demo, struct texture_object *tex_objs) {
1628     /* clean up staging resources */
1629     vkFreeMemory(demo->device, tex_objs->mem, NULL);
1630     if (tex_objs->image) vkDestroyImage(demo->device, tex_objs->image, NULL);
1631     if (tex_objs->buffer) vkDestroyBuffer(demo->device, tex_objs->buffer, NULL);
1632 }
1633
1634 static void demo_prepare_textures(struct demo *demo) {
1635     const VkFormat tex_format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
1636     VkFormatProperties props;
1637     uint32_t i;
1638
1639     vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(demo->gpu, tex_format, &props);
1640
1641     for (i = 0; i < DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
1642         VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1643
1644         if ((props.linearTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT) && !demo->use_staging_buffer) {
1645             /* Device can texture using linear textures */
1646             demo_prepare_texture_image(demo, tex_files[i], &demo->textures[i], VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
1647                                        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);
1648             // Nothing in the pipeline needs to be complete to start, and don't allow fragment
1649             // shader to run until layout transition completes
1650             demo_set_image_layout(demo, demo->textures[i].image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
1651                                   demo->textures[i].imageLayout, 0, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
1652                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);
1653             demo->staging_texture.image = 0;
1654         } else if (props.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT) {
1655             /* Must use staging buffer to copy linear texture to optimized */
1656
1657             memset(&demo->staging_texture, 0, sizeof(demo->staging_texture));
1658             demo_prepare_texture_buffer(demo, tex_files[i], &demo->staging_texture);
1659
1660             demo_prepare_texture_image(demo, tex_files[i], &demo->textures[i], VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
1661                                        (VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT),
1662                                        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
1663
1664             demo_set_image_layout(demo, demo->textures[i].image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
1665                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 0, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
1666                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT);
1667
1668             VkBufferImageCopy copy_region = {
1669                 .bufferOffset = 0,
1670                 .bufferRowLength = demo->staging_texture.tex_width,
1671                 .bufferImageHeight = demo->staging_texture.tex_height,
1672                 .imageSubresource = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1},
1673                 .imageOffset = {0, 0, 0},
1674                 .imageExtent = {demo->staging_texture.tex_width, demo->staging_texture.tex_height, 1},
1675             };
1676
1677             vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(demo->cmd, demo->staging_texture.buffer, demo->textures[i].image,
1678                                    VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &copy_region);
1679
1680             demo_set_image_layout(demo, demo->textures[i].image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
1681                                   demo->textures[i].imageLayout, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
1682                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);
1683
1684         } else {
1685             /* Can't support VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM !? */
1686             assert(!"No support for R8G8B8A8_UNORM as texture image format");
1687         }
1688
1689         const VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler = {
1690             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
1691             .pNext = NULL,
1692             .magFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST,
1693             .minFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST,
1694             .mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST,
1695             .addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
1696             .addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
1697             .addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
1698             .mipLodBias = 0.0f,
1699             .anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE,
1700             .maxAnisotropy = 1,
1701             .compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER,
1702             .minLod = 0.0f,
1703             .maxLod = 0.0f,
1704             .borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE,
1705             .unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE,
1706         };
1707
1708         VkImageViewCreateInfo view = {
1709             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
1710             .pNext = NULL,
1711             .image = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
1712             .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
1713             .format = tex_format,
1714             .components =
1715                 {
1716                     VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
1717                     VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
1718                     VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
1719                     VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A,
1720                 },
1721             .subresourceRange = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1},
1722             .flags = 0,
1723         };
1724
1725         /* create sampler */
1726         err = vkCreateSampler(demo->device, &sampler, NULL, &demo->textures[i].sampler);
1727         assert(!err);
1728
1729         /* create image view */
1730         view.image = demo->textures[i].image;
1731         err = vkCreateImageView(demo->device, &view, NULL, &demo->textures[i].view);
1732         assert(!err);
1733     }
1734 }
1735
1736 void demo_prepare_cube_data_buffers(struct demo *demo) {
1737     VkBufferCreateInfo buf_info;
1738     VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
1739     VkMemoryAllocateInfo mem_alloc;
1740     uint8_t *pData;
1741     mat4x4 MVP, VP;
1742     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1743     bool U_ASSERT_ONLY pass;
1744     struct vktexcube_vs_uniform data;
1745
1746     mat4x4_mul(VP, demo->projection_matrix, demo->view_matrix);
1747     mat4x4_mul(MVP, VP, demo->model_matrix);
1748     memcpy(data.mvp, MVP, sizeof(MVP));
1749     //    dumpMatrix("MVP", MVP);
1750
1751     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 12 * 3; i++) {
1752         data.position[i][0] = g_vertex_buffer_data[i * 3];
1753         data.position[i][1] = g_vertex_buffer_data[i * 3 + 1];
1754         data.position[i][2] = g_vertex_buffer_data[i * 3 + 2];
1755         data.position[i][3] = 1.0f;
1756         data.attr[i][0] = g_uv_buffer_data[2 * i];
1757         data.attr[i][1] = g_uv_buffer_data[2 * i + 1];
1758         data.attr[i][2] = 0;
1759         data.attr[i][3] = 0;
1760     }
1761
1762     memset(&buf_info, 0, sizeof(buf_info));
1763     buf_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
1764     buf_info.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT;
1765     buf_info.size = sizeof(data);
1766
1767     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
1768         err = vkCreateBuffer(demo->device, &buf_info, NULL, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer);
1769         assert(!err);
1770
1771         vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer, &mem_reqs);
1772
1773         mem_alloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
1774         mem_alloc.pNext = NULL;
1775         mem_alloc.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size;
1776         mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;
1777
1778         pass = memory_type_from_properties(demo, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits,
1779                                            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
1780                                            &mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
1781         assert(pass);
1782
1783         err = vkAllocateMemory(demo->device, &mem_alloc, NULL, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory);
1784         assert(!err);
1785
1786         err = vkMapMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0, (void **)&pData);
1787         assert(!err);
1788
1789         memcpy(pData, &data, sizeof data);
1790
1791         vkUnmapMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory);
1792
1793         err = vkBindBufferMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer,
1794                                  demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory, 0);
1795         assert(!err);
1796     }
1797 }
1798
1799 static void demo_prepare_descriptor_layout(struct demo *demo) {
1800     const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layout_bindings[2] = {
1801         [0] =
1802             {
1803                 .binding = 0,
1804                 .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
1805                 .descriptorCount = 1,
1806                 .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
1807                 .pImmutableSamplers = NULL,
1808             },
1809         [1] =
1810             {
1811                 .binding = 1,
1812                 .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
1813                 .descriptorCount = DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT,
1814                 .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
1815                 .pImmutableSamplers = NULL,
1816             },
1817     };
1818     const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptor_layout = {
1819         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
1820         .pNext = NULL,
1821         .bindingCount = 2,
1822         .pBindings = layout_bindings,
1823     };
1824     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1825
1826     err = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(demo->device, &descriptor_layout, NULL, &demo->desc_layout);
1827     assert(!err);
1828
1829     const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo = {
1830         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
1831         .pNext = NULL,
1832         .setLayoutCount = 1,
1833         .pSetLayouts = &demo->desc_layout,
1834     };
1835
1836     err = vkCreatePipelineLayout(demo->device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, NULL, &demo->pipeline_layout);
1837     assert(!err);
1838 }
1839
1840 static void demo_prepare_render_pass(struct demo *demo) {
1841     // The initial layout for the color and depth attachments will be LAYOUT_UNDEFINED
1842     // because at the start of the renderpass, we don't care about their contents.
1843     // At the start of the subpass, the color attachment's layout will be transitioned
1844     // to LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL and the depth stencil attachment's layout
1845     // will be transitioned to LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL.  At the end of
1846     // the renderpass, the color attachment's layout will be transitioned to
1847     // LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR to be ready to present.  This is all done as part of
1848     // the renderpass, no barriers are necessary.
1849     const VkAttachmentDescription attachments[2] = {
1850         [0] =
1851             {
1852                 .format = demo->format,
1853                 .flags = 0,
1854                 .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
1855                 .loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
1856                 .storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
1857                 .stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
1858                 .stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
1859                 .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
1860                 .finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
1861             },
1862         [1] =
1863             {
1864                 .format = demo->depth.format,
1865                 .flags = 0,
1866                 .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
1867                 .loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
1868                 .storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
1869                 .stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
1870                 .stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
1871                 .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
1872                 .finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
1873             },
1874     };
1875     const VkAttachmentReference color_reference = {
1876         .attachment = 0,
1877         .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
1878     };
1879     const VkAttachmentReference depth_reference = {
1880         .attachment = 1,
1881         .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
1882     };
1883     const VkSubpassDescription subpass = {
1884         .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
1885         .flags = 0,
1886         .inputAttachmentCount = 0,
1887         .pInputAttachments = NULL,
1888         .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
1889         .pColorAttachments = &color_reference,
1890         .pResolveAttachments = NULL,
1891         .pDepthStencilAttachment = &depth_reference,
1892         .preserveAttachmentCount = 0,
1893         .pPreserveAttachments = NULL,
1894     };
1895
1896     VkSubpassDependency attachmentDependencies[2] = {
1897         [0] =
1898             {
1899                 // Depth buffer is shared between swapchain images
1900                 .srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
1901                 .dstSubpass = 0,
1902                 .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
1903                 .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
1904                 .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
1905                 .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
1906                 .dependencyFlags = 0,
1907             },
1908         [1] =
1909             {
1910                 // Image Layout Transition
1911                 .srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
1912                 .dstSubpass = 0,
1913                 .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
1914                 .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
1915                 .srcAccessMask = 0,
1916                 .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
1917                 .dependencyFlags = 0,
1918             },
1919     };
1920
1921     const VkRenderPassCreateInfo rp_info = {
1922         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
1923         .pNext = NULL,
1924         .flags = 0,
1925         .attachmentCount = 2,
1926         .pAttachments = attachments,
1927         .subpassCount = 1,
1928         .pSubpasses = &subpass,
1929         .dependencyCount = 2,
1930         .pDependencies = attachmentDependencies,
1931     };
1932     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1933
1934     err = vkCreateRenderPass(demo->device, &rp_info, NULL, &demo->render_pass);
1935     assert(!err);
1936 }
1937
1938 static VkShaderModule demo_prepare_shader_module(struct demo *demo, const uint32_t *code, size_t size) {
1939     VkShaderModule module;
1940     VkShaderModuleCreateInfo moduleCreateInfo;
1941     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1942
1943     moduleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
1944     moduleCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
1945     moduleCreateInfo.flags = 0;
1946     moduleCreateInfo.codeSize = size;
1947     moduleCreateInfo.pCode = code;
1948
1949     err = vkCreateShaderModule(demo->device, &moduleCreateInfo, NULL, &module);
1950     assert(!err);
1951
1952     return module;
1953 }
1954
1955 static void demo_prepare_vs(struct demo *demo) {
1956     const uint32_t vs_code[] = {
1957 #include "cube.vert.inc"
1958     };
1959     demo->vert_shader_module = demo_prepare_shader_module(demo, vs_code, sizeof(vs_code));
1960 }
1961
1962 static void demo_prepare_fs(struct demo *demo) {
1963     const uint32_t fs_code[] = {
1964 #include "cube.frag.inc"
1965     };
1966     demo->frag_shader_module = demo_prepare_shader_module(demo, fs_code, sizeof(fs_code));
1967 }
1968
1969 static void demo_prepare_pipeline(struct demo *demo) {
1970     VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline;
1971     VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pipelineCache;
1972     VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vi;
1973     VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo ia;
1974     VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rs;
1975     VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo cb;
1976     VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo ds;
1977     VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo vp;
1978     VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo ms;
1979     VkDynamicState dynamicStateEnables[VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RANGE_SIZE];
1980     VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState;
1981     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
1982
1983     memset(dynamicStateEnables, 0, sizeof dynamicStateEnables);
1984     memset(&dynamicState, 0, sizeof dynamicState);
1985     dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
1986     dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStateEnables;
1987
1988     memset(&pipeline, 0, sizeof(pipeline));
1989     pipeline.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
1990     pipeline.layout = demo->pipeline_layout;
1991
1992     memset(&vi, 0, sizeof(vi));
1993     vi.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
1994
1995     memset(&ia, 0, sizeof(ia));
1996     ia.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
1997     ia.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
1998
1999     memset(&rs, 0, sizeof(rs));
2000     rs.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
2001     rs.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
2002     rs.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
2003     rs.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
2004     rs.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
2005     rs.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
2006     rs.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
2007     rs.lineWidth = 1.0f;
2008
2009     memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
2010     cb.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
2011     VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState att_state[1];
2012     memset(att_state, 0, sizeof(att_state));
2013     att_state[0].colorWriteMask = 0xf;
2014     att_state[0].blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
2015     cb.attachmentCount = 1;
2016     cb.pAttachments = att_state;
2017
2018     memset(&vp, 0, sizeof(vp));
2019     vp.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
2020     vp.viewportCount = 1;
2021     dynamicStateEnables[dynamicState.dynamicStateCount++] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT;
2022     vp.scissorCount = 1;
2023     dynamicStateEnables[dynamicState.dynamicStateCount++] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR;
2024
2025     memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
2026     ds.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
2027     ds.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
2028     ds.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
2029     ds.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL;
2030     ds.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
2031     ds.back.failOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
2032     ds.back.passOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
2033     ds.back.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
2034     ds.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
2035     ds.front = ds.back;
2036
2037     memset(&ms, 0, sizeof(ms));
2038     ms.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
2039     ms.pSampleMask = NULL;
2040     ms.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
2041
2042     demo_prepare_vs(demo);
2043     demo_prepare_fs(demo);
2044
2045     // Two stages: vs and fs
2046     VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[2];
2047     memset(&shaderStages, 0, 2 * sizeof(VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo));
2048
2049     shaderStages[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
2050     shaderStages[0].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
2051     shaderStages[0].module = demo->vert_shader_module;
2052     shaderStages[0].pName = "main";
2053
2054     shaderStages[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
2055     shaderStages[1].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
2056     shaderStages[1].module = demo->frag_shader_module;
2057     shaderStages[1].pName = "main";
2058
2059     memset(&pipelineCache, 0, sizeof(pipelineCache));
2060     pipelineCache.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
2061
2062     err = vkCreatePipelineCache(demo->device, &pipelineCache, NULL, &demo->pipelineCache);
2063     assert(!err);
2064
2065     pipeline.pVertexInputState = &vi;
2066     pipeline.pInputAssemblyState = &ia;
2067     pipeline.pRasterizationState = &rs;
2068     pipeline.pColorBlendState = &cb;
2069     pipeline.pMultisampleState = &ms;
2070     pipeline.pViewportState = &vp;
2071     pipeline.pDepthStencilState = &ds;
2072     pipeline.stageCount = ARRAY_SIZE(shaderStages);
2073     pipeline.pStages = shaderStages;
2074     pipeline.renderPass = demo->render_pass;
2075     pipeline.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
2076
2077     pipeline.renderPass = demo->render_pass;
2078
2079     err = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(demo->device, demo->pipelineCache, 1, &pipeline, NULL, &demo->pipeline);
2080     assert(!err);
2081
2082     vkDestroyShaderModule(demo->device, demo->frag_shader_module, NULL);
2083     vkDestroyShaderModule(demo->device, demo->vert_shader_module, NULL);
2084 }
2085
2086 static void demo_prepare_descriptor_pool(struct demo *demo) {
2087     const VkDescriptorPoolSize type_counts[2] = {
2088         [0] =
2089             {
2090                 .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
2091                 .descriptorCount = demo->swapchainImageCount,
2092             },
2093         [1] =
2094             {
2095                 .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
2096                 .descriptorCount = demo->swapchainImageCount * DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT,
2097             },
2098     };
2099     const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptor_pool = {
2100         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
2101         .pNext = NULL,
2102         .maxSets = demo->swapchainImageCount,
2103         .poolSizeCount = 2,
2104         .pPoolSizes = type_counts,
2105     };
2106     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
2107
2108     err = vkCreateDescriptorPool(demo->device, &descriptor_pool, NULL, &demo->desc_pool);
2109     assert(!err);
2110 }
2111
2112 static void demo_prepare_descriptor_set(struct demo *demo) {
2113     VkDescriptorImageInfo tex_descs[DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT];
2114     VkWriteDescriptorSet writes[2];
2115     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
2116
2117     VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = {.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
2118                                               .pNext = NULL,
2119                                               .descriptorPool = demo->desc_pool,
2120                                               .descriptorSetCount = 1,
2121                                               .pSetLayouts = &demo->desc_layout};
2122
2123     VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info;
2124     buffer_info.offset = 0;
2125     buffer_info.range = sizeof(struct vktexcube_vs_uniform);
2126
2127     memset(&tex_descs, 0, sizeof(tex_descs));
2128     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
2129         tex_descs[i].sampler = demo->textures[i].sampler;
2130         tex_descs[i].imageView = demo->textures[i].view;
2131         tex_descs[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
2132     }
2133
2134     memset(&writes, 0, sizeof(writes));
2135
2136     writes[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
2137     writes[0].descriptorCount = 1;
2138     writes[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
2139     writes[0].pBufferInfo = &buffer_info;
2140
2141     writes[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
2142     writes[1].dstBinding = 1;
2143     writes[1].descriptorCount = DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT;
2144     writes[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
2145     writes[1].pImageInfo = tex_descs;
2146
2147     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2148         err = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(demo->device, &alloc_info, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].descriptor_set);
2149         assert(!err);
2150         buffer_info.buffer = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer;
2151         writes[0].dstSet = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].descriptor_set;
2152         writes[1].dstSet = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].descriptor_set;
2153         vkUpdateDescriptorSets(demo->device, 2, writes, 0, NULL);
2154     }
2155 }
2156
2157 static void demo_prepare_framebuffers(struct demo *demo) {
2158     VkImageView attachments[2];
2159     attachments[1] = demo->depth.view;
2160
2161     const VkFramebufferCreateInfo fb_info = {
2162         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
2163         .pNext = NULL,
2164         .renderPass = demo->render_pass,
2165         .attachmentCount = 2,
2166         .pAttachments = attachments,
2167         .width = demo->width,
2168         .height = demo->height,
2169         .layers = 1,
2170     };
2171     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
2172     uint32_t i;
2173
2174     for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2175         attachments[0] = demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].view;
2176         err = vkCreateFramebuffer(demo->device, &fb_info, NULL, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].framebuffer);
2177         assert(!err);
2178     }
2179 }
2180
2181 static void demo_prepare(struct demo *demo) {
2182     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
2183     if (demo->cmd_pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
2184         const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_info = {
2185             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
2186             .pNext = NULL,
2187             .queueFamilyIndex = demo->graphics_queue_family_index,
2188             .flags = 0,
2189         };
2190         err = vkCreateCommandPool(demo->device, &cmd_pool_info, NULL, &demo->cmd_pool);
2191         assert(!err);
2192     }
2193
2194     const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd = {
2195         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
2196         .pNext = NULL,
2197         .commandPool = demo->cmd_pool,
2198         .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
2199         .commandBufferCount = 1,
2200     };
2201     err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(demo->device, &cmd, &demo->cmd);
2202     assert(!err);
2203     VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = {
2204         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
2205         .pNext = NULL,
2206         .flags = 0,
2207         .pInheritanceInfo = NULL,
2208     };
2209     err = vkBeginCommandBuffer(demo->cmd, &cmd_buf_info);
2210     assert(!err);
2211
2212     demo_prepare_buffers(demo);
2213
2214     if (demo->is_minimized) {
2215         demo->prepared = false;
2216         return;
2217     }
2218
2219     demo_prepare_depth(demo);
2220     demo_prepare_textures(demo);
2221     demo_prepare_cube_data_buffers(demo);
2222
2223     demo_prepare_descriptor_layout(demo);
2224     demo_prepare_render_pass(demo);
2225     demo_prepare_pipeline(demo);
2226
2227     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2228         err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(demo->device, &cmd, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].cmd);
2229         assert(!err);
2230     }
2231
2232     if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
2233         const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo present_cmd_pool_info = {
2234             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
2235             .pNext = NULL,
2236             .queueFamilyIndex = demo->present_queue_family_index,
2237             .flags = 0,
2238         };
2239         err = vkCreateCommandPool(demo->device, &present_cmd_pool_info, NULL, &demo->present_cmd_pool);
2240         assert(!err);
2241         const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo present_cmd_info = {
2242             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
2243             .pNext = NULL,
2244             .commandPool = demo->present_cmd_pool,
2245             .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
2246             .commandBufferCount = 1,
2247         };
2248         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2249             err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(demo->device, &present_cmd_info,
2250                                            &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].graphics_to_present_cmd);
2251             assert(!err);
2252             demo_build_image_ownership_cmd(demo, i);
2253         }
2254     }
2255
2256     demo_prepare_descriptor_pool(demo);
2257     demo_prepare_descriptor_set(demo);
2258
2259     demo_prepare_framebuffers(demo);
2260
2261     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2262         demo->current_buffer = i;
2263         demo_draw_build_cmd(demo, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].cmd);
2264     }
2265
2266     /*
2267      * Prepare functions above may generate pipeline commands
2268      * that need to be flushed before beginning the render loop.
2269      */
2270     demo_flush_init_cmd(demo);
2271     if (demo->staging_texture.buffer) {
2272         demo_destroy_texture(demo, &demo->staging_texture);
2273     }
2274
2275     demo->current_buffer = 0;
2276     demo->prepared = true;
2277 }
2278
2279 static void demo_cleanup(struct demo *demo) {
2280     uint32_t i;
2281
2282     demo->prepared = false;
2283     vkDeviceWaitIdle(demo->device);
2284
2285     // Wait for fences from present operations
2286     for (i = 0; i < FRAME_LAG; i++) {
2287         vkWaitForFences(demo->device, 1, &demo->fences[i], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
2288         vkDestroyFence(demo->device, demo->fences[i], NULL);
2289         vkDestroySemaphore(demo->device, demo->image_acquired_semaphores[i], NULL);
2290         vkDestroySemaphore(demo->device, demo->draw_complete_semaphores[i], NULL);
2291         if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
2292             vkDestroySemaphore(demo->device, demo->image_ownership_semaphores[i], NULL);
2293         }
2294     }
2295
2296     // If the window is currently minimized, demo_resize has already done some cleanup for us.
2297     if (!demo->is_minimized) {
2298         for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2299             vkDestroyFramebuffer(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].framebuffer, NULL);
2300         }
2301         vkDestroyDescriptorPool(demo->device, demo->desc_pool, NULL);
2302
2303         vkDestroyPipeline(demo->device, demo->pipeline, NULL);
2304         vkDestroyPipelineCache(demo->device, demo->pipelineCache, NULL);
2305         vkDestroyRenderPass(demo->device, demo->render_pass, NULL);
2306         vkDestroyPipelineLayout(demo->device, demo->pipeline_layout, NULL);
2307         vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(demo->device, demo->desc_layout, NULL);
2308
2309         for (i = 0; i < DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
2310             vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->textures[i].view, NULL);
2311             vkDestroyImage(demo->device, demo->textures[i].image, NULL);
2312             vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->textures[i].mem, NULL);
2313             vkDestroySampler(demo->device, demo->textures[i].sampler, NULL);
2314         }
2315         demo->fpDestroySwapchainKHR(demo->device, demo->swapchain, NULL);
2316
2317         vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->depth.view, NULL);
2318         vkDestroyImage(demo->device, demo->depth.image, NULL);
2319         vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->depth.mem, NULL);
2320
2321         for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2322             vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].view, NULL);
2323             vkFreeCommandBuffers(demo->device, demo->cmd_pool, 1, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].cmd);
2324             vkDestroyBuffer(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer, NULL);
2325             vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory, NULL);
2326         }
2327         free(demo->swapchain_image_resources);
2328         free(demo->queue_props);
2329         vkDestroyCommandPool(demo->device, demo->cmd_pool, NULL);
2330
2331         if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
2332             vkDestroyCommandPool(demo->device, demo->present_cmd_pool, NULL);
2333         }
2334     }
2335     vkDeviceWaitIdle(demo->device);
2336     vkDestroyDevice(demo->device, NULL);
2337     if (demo->validate) {
2338         demo->DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(demo->inst, demo->dbg_messenger, NULL);
2339     }
2340     vkDestroySurfaceKHR(demo->inst, demo->surface, NULL);
2341
2342 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
2343     XDestroyWindow(demo->display, demo->xlib_window);
2344     XCloseDisplay(demo->display);
2345 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
2346     xcb_destroy_window(demo->connection, demo->xcb_window);
2347     xcb_disconnect(demo->connection);
2348     free(demo->atom_wm_delete_window);
2349 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
2350     wl_keyboard_destroy(demo->keyboard);
2351     wl_pointer_destroy(demo->pointer);
2352     wl_seat_destroy(demo->seat);
2353     wl_shell_surface_destroy(demo->shell_surface);
2354     wl_surface_destroy(demo->window);
2355     wl_shell_destroy(demo->shell);
2356     wl_compositor_destroy(demo->compositor);
2357     wl_registry_destroy(demo->registry);
2358     wl_display_disconnect(demo->display);
2359 #endif
2360
2361     vkDestroyInstance(demo->inst, NULL);
2362 }
2363
2364 static void demo_resize(struct demo *demo) {
2365     uint32_t i;
2366
2367     // Don't react to resize until after first initialization.
2368     if (!demo->prepared) {
2369         if (demo->is_minimized) {
2370             demo_prepare(demo);
2371         }
2372         return;
2373     }
2374     // In order to properly resize the window, we must re-create the swapchain
2375     // AND redo the command buffers, etc.
2376     //
2377     // First, perform part of the demo_cleanup() function:
2378     demo->prepared = false;
2379     vkDeviceWaitIdle(demo->device);
2380
2381     for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2382         vkDestroyFramebuffer(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].framebuffer, NULL);
2383     }
2384     vkDestroyDescriptorPool(demo->device, demo->desc_pool, NULL);
2385
2386     vkDestroyPipeline(demo->device, demo->pipeline, NULL);
2387     vkDestroyPipelineCache(demo->device, demo->pipelineCache, NULL);
2388     vkDestroyRenderPass(demo->device, demo->render_pass, NULL);
2389     vkDestroyPipelineLayout(demo->device, demo->pipeline_layout, NULL);
2390     vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(demo->device, demo->desc_layout, NULL);
2391
2392     for (i = 0; i < DEMO_TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
2393         vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->textures[i].view, NULL);
2394         vkDestroyImage(demo->device, demo->textures[i].image, NULL);
2395         vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->textures[i].mem, NULL);
2396         vkDestroySampler(demo->device, demo->textures[i].sampler, NULL);
2397     }
2398
2399     vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->depth.view, NULL);
2400     vkDestroyImage(demo->device, demo->depth.image, NULL);
2401     vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->depth.mem, NULL);
2402
2403     for (i = 0; i < demo->swapchainImageCount; i++) {
2404         vkDestroyImageView(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].view, NULL);
2405         vkFreeCommandBuffers(demo->device, demo->cmd_pool, 1, &demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].cmd);
2406         vkDestroyBuffer(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_buffer, NULL);
2407         vkFreeMemory(demo->device, demo->swapchain_image_resources[i].uniform_memory, NULL);
2408     }
2409     vkDestroyCommandPool(demo->device, demo->cmd_pool, NULL);
2410     demo->cmd_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2411     if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
2412         vkDestroyCommandPool(demo->device, demo->present_cmd_pool, NULL);
2413     }
2414     free(demo->swapchain_image_resources);
2415
2416     // Second, re-perform the demo_prepare() function, which will re-create the
2417     // swapchain:
2418     demo_prepare(demo);
2419 }
2420
2421 // On MS-Windows, make this a global, so it's available to WndProc()
2422 struct demo demo;
2423
2424 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
2425 static void demo_run(struct demo *demo) {
2426     if (!demo->prepared) return;
2427
2428     demo_draw(demo);
2429     demo->curFrame++;
2430     if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) {
2431         PostQuitMessage(validation_error);
2432     }
2433 }
2434
2435 // MS-Windows event handling function:
2436 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
2437     switch (uMsg) {
2438         case WM_CLOSE:
2439             PostQuitMessage(validation_error);
2440             break;
2441         case WM_PAINT:
2442             // The validation callback calls MessageBox which can generate paint
2443             // events - don't make more Vulkan calls if we got here from the
2444             // callback
2445             if (!in_callback) {
2446                 demo_run(&demo);
2447             }
2448             break;
2449         case WM_GETMINMAXINFO:  // set window's minimum size
2450             ((MINMAXINFO *)lParam)->ptMinTrackSize = demo.minsize;
2451             return 0;
2452         case WM_ERASEBKGND:
2453             return 1;
2454         case WM_SIZE:
2455             // Resize the application to the new window size, except when
2456             // it was minimized. Vulkan doesn't support images or swapchains
2457             // with width=0 and height=0.
2458             if (wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED) {
2459                 demo.width = lParam & 0xffff;
2460                 demo.height = (lParam & 0xffff0000) >> 16;
2461                 demo_resize(&demo);
2462             }
2463             break;
2464         case WM_KEYDOWN:
2465             switch (wParam) {
2466                 case VK_ESCAPE:
2467                     PostQuitMessage(validation_error);
2468                     break;
2469                 case VK_LEFT:
2470                     demo.spin_angle -= demo.spin_increment;
2471                     break;
2472                 case VK_RIGHT:
2473                     demo.spin_angle += demo.spin_increment;
2474                     break;
2475                 case VK_SPACE:
2476                     demo.pause = !demo.pause;
2477                     break;
2478             }
2479             return 0;
2480         default:
2481             break;
2482     }
2483     return (DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam));
2484 }
2485
2486 static void demo_create_window(struct demo *demo) {
2487     WNDCLASSEX win_class;
2488
2489     // Initialize the window class structure:
2490     win_class.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
2491     win_class.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
2492     win_class.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
2493     win_class.cbClsExtra = 0;
2494     win_class.cbWndExtra = 0;
2495     win_class.hInstance = demo->connection;  // hInstance
2496     win_class.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
2497     win_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
2498     win_class.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
2499     win_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
2500     win_class.lpszClassName = demo->name;
2501     win_class.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);
2502     // Register window class:
2503     if (!RegisterClassEx(&win_class)) {
2504         // It didn't work, so try to give a useful error:
2505         printf("Unexpected error trying to start the application!\n");
2506         fflush(stdout);
2507         exit(1);
2508     }
2509     // Create window with the registered class:
2510     RECT wr = {0, 0, demo->width, demo->height};
2511     AdjustWindowRect(&wr, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE);
2512     demo->window = CreateWindowEx(0,
2513                                   demo->name,            // class name
2514                                   demo->name,            // app name
2515                                   WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW |  // window style
2516                                       WS_VISIBLE | WS_SYSMENU,
2517                                   100, 100,            // x/y coords
2518                                   wr.right - wr.left,  // width
2519                                   wr.bottom - wr.top,  // height
2520                                   NULL,                // handle to parent
2521                                   NULL,                // handle to menu
2522                                   demo->connection,    // hInstance
2523                                   NULL);               // no extra parameters
2524     if (!demo->window) {
2525         // It didn't work, so try to give a useful error:
2526         printf("Cannot create a window in which to draw!\n");
2527         fflush(stdout);
2528         exit(1);
2529     }
2530     // Window client area size must be at least 1 pixel high, to prevent crash.
2531     demo->minsize.x = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXMINTRACK);
2532     demo->minsize.y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYMINTRACK) + 1;
2533 }
2534 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
2535 static void demo_create_xlib_window(struct demo *demo) {
2536     const char *display_envar = getenv("DISPLAY");
2537     if (display_envar == NULL || display_envar[0] == '\0') {
2538         printf("Environment variable DISPLAY requires a valid value.\nExiting ...\n");
2539         fflush(stdout);
2540         exit(1);
2541     }
2542
2543     XInitThreads();
2544     demo->display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
2545     long visualMask = VisualScreenMask;
2546     int numberOfVisuals;
2547     XVisualInfo vInfoTemplate = {};
2548     vInfoTemplate.screen = DefaultScreen(demo->display);
2549     XVisualInfo *visualInfo = XGetVisualInfo(demo->display, visualMask, &vInfoTemplate, &numberOfVisuals);
2550
2551     Colormap colormap =
2552         XCreateColormap(demo->display, RootWindow(demo->display, vInfoTemplate.screen), visualInfo->visual, AllocNone);
2553
2554     XSetWindowAttributes windowAttributes = {};
2555     windowAttributes.colormap = colormap;
2556     windowAttributes.background_pixel = 0xFFFFFFFF;
2557     windowAttributes.border_pixel = 0;
2558     windowAttributes.event_mask = KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask | StructureNotifyMask | ExposureMask;
2559
2560     demo->xlib_window = XCreateWindow(demo->display, RootWindow(demo->display, vInfoTemplate.screen), 0, 0, demo->width,
2561                                       demo->height, 0, visualInfo->depth, InputOutput, visualInfo->visual,
2562                                       CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWEventMask | CWColormap, &windowAttributes);
2563
2564     XSelectInput(demo->display, demo->xlib_window, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask);
2565     XMapWindow(demo->display, demo->xlib_window);
2566     XFlush(demo->display);
2567     demo->xlib_wm_delete_window = XInternAtom(demo->display, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
2568 }
2569 static void demo_handle_xlib_event(struct demo *demo, const XEvent *event) {
2570     switch (event->type) {
2571         case ClientMessage:
2572             if ((Atom)event->xclient.data.l[0] == demo->xlib_wm_delete_window) demo->quit = true;
2573             break;
2574         case KeyPress:
2575             switch (event->xkey.keycode) {
2576                 case 0x9:  // Escape
2577                     demo->quit = true;
2578                     break;
2579                 case 0x71:  // left arrow key
2580                     demo->spin_angle -= demo->spin_increment;
2581                     break;
2582                 case 0x72:  // right arrow key
2583                     demo->spin_angle += demo->spin_increment;
2584                     break;
2585                 case 0x41:  // space bar
2586                     demo->pause = !demo->pause;
2587                     break;
2588             }
2589             break;
2590         case ConfigureNotify:
2591             if ((demo->width != event->xconfigure.width) || (demo->height != event->xconfigure.height)) {
2592                 demo->width = event->xconfigure.width;
2593                 demo->height = event->xconfigure.height;
2594                 demo_resize(demo);
2595             }
2596             break;
2597         default:
2598             break;
2599     }
2600 }
2601
2602 static void demo_run_xlib(struct demo *demo) {
2603     while (!demo->quit) {
2604         XEvent event;
2605
2606         if (demo->pause) {
2607             XNextEvent(demo->display, &event);
2608             demo_handle_xlib_event(demo, &event);
2609         }
2610         while (XPending(demo->display) > 0) {
2611             XNextEvent(demo->display, &event);
2612             demo_handle_xlib_event(demo, &event);
2613         }
2614
2615         demo_draw(demo);
2616         demo->curFrame++;
2617         if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) demo->quit = true;
2618     }
2619 }
2620 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
2621 static void demo_handle_xcb_event(struct demo *demo, const xcb_generic_event_t *event) {
2622     uint8_t event_code = event->response_type & 0x7f;
2623     switch (event_code) {
2624         case XCB_EXPOSE:
2625             // TODO: Resize window
2626             break;
2627         case XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE:
2628             if ((*(xcb_client_message_event_t *)event).data.data32[0] == (*demo->atom_wm_delete_window).atom) {
2629                 demo->quit = true;
2630             }
2631             break;
2632         case XCB_KEY_RELEASE: {
2633             const xcb_key_release_event_t *key = (const xcb_key_release_event_t *)event;
2634
2635             switch (key->detail) {
2636                 case 0x9:  // Escape
2637                     demo->quit = true;
2638                     break;
2639                 case 0x71:  // left arrow key
2640                     demo->spin_angle -= demo->spin_increment;
2641                     break;
2642                 case 0x72:  // right arrow key
2643                     demo->spin_angle += demo->spin_increment;
2644                     break;
2645                 case 0x41:  // space bar
2646                     demo->pause = !demo->pause;
2647                     break;
2648             }
2649         } break;
2650         case XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY: {
2651             const xcb_configure_notify_event_t *cfg = (const xcb_configure_notify_event_t *)event;
2652             if ((demo->width != cfg->width) || (demo->height != cfg->height)) {
2653                 demo->width = cfg->width;
2654                 demo->height = cfg->height;
2655                 demo_resize(demo);
2656             }
2657         } break;
2658         default:
2659             break;
2660     }
2661 }
2662
2663 static void demo_run_xcb(struct demo *demo) {
2664     xcb_flush(demo->connection);
2665
2666     while (!demo->quit) {
2667         xcb_generic_event_t *event;
2668
2669         if (demo->pause) {
2670             event = xcb_wait_for_event(demo->connection);
2671         } else {
2672             event = xcb_poll_for_event(demo->connection);
2673         }
2674         while (event) {
2675             demo_handle_xcb_event(demo, event);
2676             free(event);
2677             event = xcb_poll_for_event(demo->connection);
2678         }
2679
2680         demo_draw(demo);
2681         demo->curFrame++;
2682         if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) demo->quit = true;
2683     }
2684 }
2685
2686 static void demo_create_xcb_window(struct demo *demo) {
2687     uint32_t value_mask, value_list[32];
2688
2689     demo->xcb_window = xcb_generate_id(demo->connection);
2690
2691     value_mask = XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
2692     value_list[0] = demo->screen->black_pixel;
2693     value_list[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE | XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE | XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY;
2694
2695     xcb_create_window(demo->connection, XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT, demo->xcb_window, demo->screen->root, 0, 0, demo->width, demo->height,
2696                       0, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, demo->screen->root_visual, value_mask, value_list);
2697
2698     /* Magic code that will send notification when window is destroyed */
2699     xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t cookie = xcb_intern_atom(demo->connection, 1, 12, "WM_PROTOCOLS");
2700     xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(demo->connection, cookie, 0);
2701
2702     xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t cookie2 = xcb_intern_atom(demo->connection, 0, 16, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW");
2703     demo->atom_wm_delete_window = xcb_intern_atom_reply(demo->connection, cookie2, 0);
2704
2705     xcb_change_property(demo->connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, demo->xcb_window, (*reply).atom, 4, 32, 1,
2706                         &(*demo->atom_wm_delete_window).atom);
2707     free(reply);
2708
2709     xcb_map_window(demo->connection, demo->xcb_window);
2710
2711     // Force the x/y coordinates to 100,100 results are identical in consecutive
2712     // runs
2713     const uint32_t coords[] = {100, 100};
2714     xcb_configure_window(demo->connection, demo->xcb_window, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y, coords);
2715 }
2716 // VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR
2717 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
2718 static void demo_run(struct demo *demo) {
2719     while (!demo->quit) {
2720         if (demo->pause) {
2721             wl_display_dispatch(demo->display);  // block and wait for input
2722         } else {
2723             wl_display_dispatch_pending(demo->display);  // don't block
2724             demo_draw(demo);
2725             demo->curFrame++;
2726             if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) demo->quit = true;
2727         }
2728     }
2729 }
2730
2731 static void handle_ping(void *data UNUSED, struct wl_shell_surface *shell_surface, uint32_t serial) {
2732     wl_shell_surface_pong(shell_surface, serial);
2733 }
2734
2735 static void handle_configure(void *data UNUSED, struct wl_shell_surface *shell_surface UNUSED, uint32_t edges UNUSED,
2736                              int32_t width UNUSED, int32_t height UNUSED) {}
2737
2738 static void handle_popup_done(void *data UNUSED, struct wl_shell_surface *shell_surface UNUSED) {}
2739
2740 static const struct wl_shell_surface_listener shell_surface_listener = {handle_ping, handle_configure, handle_popup_done};
2741
2742 static void demo_create_window(struct demo *demo) {
2743     demo->window = wl_compositor_create_surface(demo->compositor);
2744     if (!demo->window) {
2745         printf("Can not create wayland_surface from compositor!\n");
2746         fflush(stdout);
2747         exit(1);
2748     }
2749
2750     demo->shell_surface = wl_shell_get_shell_surface(demo->shell, demo->window);
2751     if (!demo->shell_surface) {
2752         printf("Can not get shell_surface from wayland_surface!\n");
2753         fflush(stdout);
2754         exit(1);
2755     }
2756     wl_shell_surface_add_listener(demo->shell_surface, &shell_surface_listener, demo);
2757     wl_shell_surface_set_toplevel(demo->shell_surface);
2758     wl_shell_surface_set_title(demo->shell_surface, APP_SHORT_NAME);
2759 }
2760 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
2761 static void demo_run(struct demo *demo) {
2762     if (!demo->prepared) return;
2763
2764     demo_draw(demo);
2765     demo->curFrame++;
2766 }
2767 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
2768 static void demo_run(struct demo *demo) {
2769     demo_draw(demo);
2770     demo->curFrame++;
2771     if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) {
2772         demo->quit = TRUE;
2773     }
2774 }
2775 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_DISPLAY_KHR)
2776 static VkResult demo_create_display_surface(struct demo *demo) {
2777     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
2778     uint32_t display_count;
2779     uint32_t mode_count;
2780     uint32_t plane_count;
2781     VkDisplayPropertiesKHR display_props;
2782     VkDisplayKHR display;
2783     VkDisplayModePropertiesKHR mode_props;
2784     VkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR *plane_props;
2785     VkBool32 found_plane = VK_FALSE;
2786     uint32_t plane_index;
2787     VkExtent2D image_extent;
2788     VkDisplaySurfaceCreateInfoKHR create_info;
2789
2790     // Get the first display
2791     err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, &display_count, NULL);
2792     assert(!err);
2793
2794     if (display_count == 0) {
2795         printf("Cannot find any display!\n");
2796         fflush(stdout);
2797         exit(1);
2798     }
2799
2800     display_count = 1;
2801     err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, &display_count, &display_props);
2802     assert(!err || (err == VK_INCOMPLETE));
2803
2804     display = display_props.display;
2805
2806     // Get the first mode of the display
2807     err = vkGetDisplayModePropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, display, &mode_count, NULL);
2808     assert(!err);
2809
2810     if (mode_count == 0) {
2811         printf("Cannot find any mode for the display!\n");
2812         fflush(stdout);
2813         exit(1);
2814     }
2815
2816     mode_count = 1;
2817     err = vkGetDisplayModePropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, display, &mode_count, &mode_props);
2818     assert(!err || (err == VK_INCOMPLETE));
2819
2820     // Get the list of planes
2821     err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, &plane_count, NULL);
2822     assert(!err);
2823
2824     if (plane_count == 0) {
2825         printf("Cannot find any plane!\n");
2826         fflush(stdout);
2827         exit(1);
2828     }
2829
2830     plane_props = malloc(sizeof(VkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR) * plane_count);
2831     assert(plane_props);
2832
2833     err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR(demo->gpu, &plane_count, plane_props);
2834     assert(!err);
2835
2836     // Find a plane compatible with the display
2837     for (plane_index = 0; plane_index < plane_count; plane_index++) {
2838         uint32_t supported_count;
2839         VkDisplayKHR *supported_displays;
2840
2841         // Disqualify planes that are bound to a different display
2842         if ((plane_props[plane_index].currentDisplay != VK_NULL_HANDLE) && (plane_props[plane_index].currentDisplay != display)) {
2843             continue;
2844         }
2845
2846         err = vkGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR(demo->gpu, plane_index, &supported_count, NULL);
2847         assert(!err);
2848
2849         if (supported_count == 0) {
2850             continue;
2851         }
2852
2853         supported_displays = malloc(sizeof(VkDisplayKHR) * supported_count);
2854         assert(supported_displays);
2855
2856         err = vkGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR(demo->gpu, plane_index, &supported_count, supported_displays);
2857         assert(!err);
2858
2859         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < supported_count; i++) {
2860             if (supported_displays[i] == display) {
2861                 found_plane = VK_TRUE;
2862                 break;
2863             }
2864         }
2865
2866         free(supported_displays);
2867
2868         if (found_plane) {
2869             break;
2870         }
2871     }
2872
2873     if (!found_plane) {
2874         printf("Cannot find a plane compatible with the display!\n");
2875         fflush(stdout);
2876         exit(1);
2877     }
2878
2879     free(plane_props);
2880
2881     VkDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR planeCaps;
2882     vkGetDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR(demo->gpu, mode_props.displayMode, plane_index, &planeCaps);
2883     // Find a supported alpha mode
2884     VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR alphaMode = VK_DISPLAY_PLANE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
2885     VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR alphaModes[4] = {
2886         VK_DISPLAY_PLANE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
2887         VK_DISPLAY_PLANE_ALPHA_GLOBAL_BIT_KHR,
2888         VK_DISPLAY_PLANE_ALPHA_PER_PIXEL_BIT_KHR,
2889         VK_DISPLAY_PLANE_ALPHA_PER_PIXEL_PREMULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
2890     };
2891     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(alphaModes); i++) {
2892         if (planeCaps.supportedAlpha & alphaModes[i]) {
2893             alphaMode = alphaModes[i];
2894             break;
2895         }
2896     }
2897     image_extent.width = mode_props.parameters.visibleRegion.width;
2898     image_extent.height = mode_props.parameters.visibleRegion.height;
2899
2900     create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DISPLAY_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
2901     create_info.pNext = NULL;
2902     create_info.flags = 0;
2903     create_info.displayMode = mode_props.displayMode;
2904     create_info.planeIndex = plane_index;
2905     create_info.planeStackIndex = plane_props[plane_index].currentStackIndex;
2906     create_info.transform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
2907     create_info.alphaMode = alphaMode;
2908     create_info.globalAlpha = 1.0f;
2909     create_info.imageExtent = image_extent;
2910
2911     return vkCreateDisplayPlaneSurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &create_info, NULL, &demo->surface);
2912 }
2913
2914 static void demo_run_display(struct demo *demo) {
2915     while (!demo->quit) {
2916         demo_draw(demo);
2917         demo->curFrame++;
2918
2919         if (demo->frameCount != INT32_MAX && demo->curFrame == demo->frameCount) {
2920             demo->quit = true;
2921         }
2922     }
2923 }
2924 #endif
2925
2926 /*
2927  * Return 1 (true) if all layer names specified in check_names
2928  * can be found in given layer properties.
2929  */
2930 static VkBool32 demo_check_layers(uint32_t check_count, char **check_names, uint32_t layer_count, VkLayerProperties *layers) {
2931     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < check_count; i++) {
2932         VkBool32 found = 0;
2933         for (uint32_t j = 0; j < layer_count; j++) {
2934             if (!strcmp(check_names[i], layers[j].layerName)) {
2935                 found = 1;
2936                 break;
2937             }
2938         }
2939         if (!found) {
2940             fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find layer: %s\n", check_names[i]);
2941             return 0;
2942         }
2943     }
2944     return 1;
2945 }
2946
2947 static void demo_init_vk(struct demo *demo) {
2948     VkResult err;
2949     uint32_t instance_extension_count = 0;
2950     uint32_t instance_layer_count = 0;
2951     char *instance_validation_layers[] = {"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"};
2952     demo->enabled_extension_count = 0;
2953     demo->enabled_layer_count = 0;
2954     demo->is_minimized = false;
2955     demo->cmd_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2956
2957     // Look for validation layers
2958     VkBool32 validation_found = 0;
2959     if (demo->validate) {
2960         err = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instance_layer_count, NULL);
2961         assert(!err);
2962
2963         if (instance_layer_count > 0) {
2964             VkLayerProperties *instance_layers = malloc(sizeof(VkLayerProperties) * instance_layer_count);
2965             err = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instance_layer_count, instance_layers);
2966             assert(!err);
2967
2968             validation_found = demo_check_layers(ARRAY_SIZE(instance_validation_layers), instance_validation_layers,
2969                                                  instance_layer_count, instance_layers);
2970             if (validation_found) {
2971                 demo->enabled_layer_count = ARRAY_SIZE(instance_validation_layers);
2972                 demo->enabled_layers[0] = "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation";
2973             }
2974             free(instance_layers);
2975         }
2976
2977         if (!validation_found) {
2978             ERR_EXIT(
2979                 "vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties failed to find required validation layer.\n\n"
2980                 "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
2981                 "vkCreateInstance Failure");
2982         }
2983     }
2984
2985     /* Look for instance extensions */
2986     VkBool32 surfaceExtFound = 0;
2987     VkBool32 platformSurfaceExtFound = 0;
2988     memset(demo->extension_names, 0, sizeof(demo->extension_names));
2989
2990     err = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &instance_extension_count, NULL);
2991     assert(!err);
2992
2993     if (instance_extension_count > 0) {
2994         VkExtensionProperties *instance_extensions = malloc(sizeof(VkExtensionProperties) * instance_extension_count);
2995         err = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &instance_extension_count, instance_extensions);
2996         assert(!err);
2997         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_extension_count; i++) {
2998             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
2999                 surfaceExtFound = 1;
3000                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3001             }
3002 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
3003             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3004                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3005                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3006             }
3007 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
3008             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3009                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3010                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3011             }
3012 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3013             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3014                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3015                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3016             }
3017 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3018             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3019                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3020                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3021             }
3022 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_DISPLAY_KHR)
3023             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_DISPLAY_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3024                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3025                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_DISPLAY_EXTENSION_NAME;
3026             }
3027 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
3028             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3029                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3030                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3031             }
3032 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK)
3033             if (!strcmp(VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3034                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3035                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3036             }
3037 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
3038             if (!strcmp(VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3039                 platformSurfaceExtFound = 1;
3040                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
3041             }
3042 #endif
3043             if (!strcmp(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME, instance_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3044                 if (demo->validate) {
3045                     demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME;
3046                 }
3047             }
3048             assert(demo->enabled_extension_count < 64);
3049         }
3050
3051         free(instance_extensions);
3052     }
3053
3054     if (!surfaceExtFound) {
3055         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3056                  " extension.\n\n"
3057                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3058                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3059                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3060     }
3061     if (!platformSurfaceExtFound) {
3062 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
3063         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3064                  " extension.\n\n"
3065                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3066                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3067                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3068 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK)
3069         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3070                  " extension.\n\n"
3071                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3072                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3073                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3074 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
3075         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3076                  " extension.\n\n"
3077                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3078                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3079                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3080 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3081         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3082                  " extension.\n\n"
3083                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3084                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3085                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3086 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3087         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3088                  " extension.\n\n"
3089                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3090                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3091                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3092 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_DISPLAY_KHR)
3093         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_DISPLAY_EXTENSION_NAME
3094                  " extension.\n\n"
3095                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3096                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3097                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3098 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
3099         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3100                  " extension.\n\n"
3101                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3102                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3103                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3104 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
3105         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME
3106                  " extension.\n\n"
3107                  "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3108                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3109                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3110 #endif
3111     }
3112     const VkApplicationInfo app = {
3113         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
3114         .pNext = NULL,
3115         .pApplicationName = APP_SHORT_NAME,
3116         .applicationVersion = 0,
3117         .pEngineName = APP_SHORT_NAME,
3118         .engineVersion = 0,
3119         .apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0,
3120     };
3121     VkInstanceCreateInfo inst_info = {
3122         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
3123         .pNext = NULL,
3124         .pApplicationInfo = &app,
3125         .enabledLayerCount = demo->enabled_layer_count,
3126         .ppEnabledLayerNames = (const char *const *)instance_validation_layers,
3127         .enabledExtensionCount = demo->enabled_extension_count,
3128         .ppEnabledExtensionNames = (const char *const *)demo->extension_names,
3129     };
3130
3131     /*
3132      * This is info for a temp callback to use during CreateInstance.
3133      * After the instance is created, we use the instance-based
3134      * function to register the final callback.
3135      */
3136     VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT dbg_messenger_create_info;
3137     if (demo->validate) {
3138         // VK_EXT_debug_utils style
3139         dbg_messenger_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
3140         dbg_messenger_create_info.pNext = NULL;
3141         dbg_messenger_create_info.flags = 0;
3142         dbg_messenger_create_info.messageSeverity =
3143             VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
3144         dbg_messenger_create_info.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
3145                                                 VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
3146                                                 VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
3147         dbg_messenger_create_info.pfnUserCallback = debug_messenger_callback;
3148         dbg_messenger_create_info.pUserData = demo;
3149         inst_info.pNext = &dbg_messenger_create_info;
3150     }
3151
3152     uint32_t gpu_count;
3153
3154     err = vkCreateInstance(&inst_info, NULL, &demo->inst);
3155     if (err == VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER) {
3156         ERR_EXIT(
3157             "Cannot find a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD).\n\n"
3158             "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3159             "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3160     } else if (err == VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT) {
3161         ERR_EXIT(
3162             "Cannot find a specified extension library.\n"
3163             "Make sure your layers path is set appropriately.\n",
3164             "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3165     } else if (err) {
3166         ERR_EXIT(
3167             "vkCreateInstance failed.\n\n"
3168             "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3169             "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3170             "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3171     }
3172
3173     /* Make initial call to query gpu_count, then second call for gpu info*/
3174     err = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(demo->inst, &gpu_count, NULL);
3175     assert(!err);
3176
3177     if (gpu_count > 0) {
3178         VkPhysicalDevice *physical_devices = malloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * gpu_count);
3179         err = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(demo->inst, &gpu_count, physical_devices);
3180         assert(!err);
3181         /* For cube demo we just grab the first physical device */
3182         demo->gpu = physical_devices[0];
3183         free(physical_devices);
3184     } else {
3185         ERR_EXIT(
3186             "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices reported zero accessible devices.\n\n"
3187             "Do you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3188             "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3189             "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices Failure");
3190     }
3191
3192     /* Look for device extensions */
3193     uint32_t device_extension_count = 0;
3194     VkBool32 swapchainExtFound = 0;
3195     demo->enabled_extension_count = 0;
3196     memset(demo->extension_names, 0, sizeof(demo->extension_names));
3197
3198     err = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(demo->gpu, NULL, &device_extension_count, NULL);
3199     assert(!err);
3200
3201     if (device_extension_count > 0) {
3202         VkExtensionProperties *device_extensions = malloc(sizeof(VkExtensionProperties) * device_extension_count);
3203         err = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(demo->gpu, NULL, &device_extension_count, device_extensions);
3204         assert(!err);
3205
3206         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_extension_count; i++) {
3207             if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME, device_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3208                 swapchainExtFound = 1;
3209                 demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;
3210             }
3211             assert(demo->enabled_extension_count < 64);
3212         }
3213
3214         if (demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled) {
3215             // Even though the user "enabled" the extension via the command
3216             // line, we must make sure that it's enumerated for use with the
3217             // device.  Therefore, disable it here, and re-enable it again if
3218             // enumerated.
3219             demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled = false;
3220             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_extension_count; i++) {
3221                 if (!strcmp(VK_KHR_INCREMENTAL_PRESENT_EXTENSION_NAME, device_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3222                     demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_KHR_INCREMENTAL_PRESENT_EXTENSION_NAME;
3223                     demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled = true;
3224                     DbgMsg("VK_KHR_incremental_present extension enabled\n");
3225                 }
3226                 assert(demo->enabled_extension_count < 64);
3227             }
3228             if (!demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled) {
3229                 DbgMsg("VK_KHR_incremental_present extension NOT AVAILABLE\n");
3230             }
3231         }
3232
3233         if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
3234             // Even though the user "enabled" the extension via the command
3235             // line, we must make sure that it's enumerated for use with the
3236             // device.  Therefore, disable it here, and re-enable it again if
3237             // enumerated.
3238             demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled = false;
3239             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_extension_count; i++) {
3240                 if (!strcmp(VK_GOOGLE_DISPLAY_TIMING_EXTENSION_NAME, device_extensions[i].extensionName)) {
3241                     demo->extension_names[demo->enabled_extension_count++] = VK_GOOGLE_DISPLAY_TIMING_EXTENSION_NAME;
3242                     demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled = true;
3243                     DbgMsg("VK_GOOGLE_display_timing extension enabled\n");
3244                 }
3245                 assert(demo->enabled_extension_count < 64);
3246             }
3247             if (!demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
3248                 DbgMsg("VK_GOOGLE_display_timing extension NOT AVAILABLE\n");
3249             }
3250         }
3251
3252         free(device_extensions);
3253     }
3254
3255     if (!swapchainExtFound) {
3256         ERR_EXIT("vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties failed to find the " VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
3257                  " extension.\n\nDo you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?\n"
3258                  "Please look at the Getting Started guide for additional information.\n",
3259                  "vkCreateInstance Failure");
3260     }
3261
3262     if (demo->validate) {
3263         // Setup VK_EXT_debug_utils function pointers always (we use them for
3264         // debug labels and names).
3265         demo->CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT =
3266             (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
3267         demo->DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT =
3268             (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
3269         demo->SubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT =
3270             (PFN_vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT");
3271         demo->CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT =
3272             (PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
3273         demo->CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT =
3274             (PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
3275         demo->CmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT =
3276             (PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
3277         demo->SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT =
3278             (PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(demo->inst, "vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT");
3279         if (NULL == demo->CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT || NULL == demo->DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT ||
3280             NULL == demo->SubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT || NULL == demo->CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT ||
3281             NULL == demo->CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT || NULL == demo->CmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT ||
3282             NULL == demo->SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) {
3283             ERR_EXIT("GetProcAddr: Failed to init VK_EXT_debug_utils\n", "GetProcAddr: Failure");
3284         }
3285
3286         err = demo->CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(demo->inst, &dbg_messenger_create_info, NULL, &demo->dbg_messenger);
3287         switch (err) {
3288             case VK_SUCCESS:
3289                 break;
3290             case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY:
3291                 ERR_EXIT("CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT: out of host memory\n", "CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT Failure");
3292                 break;
3293             default:
3294                 ERR_EXIT("CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT: unknown failure\n", "CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT Failure");
3295                 break;
3296         }
3297     }
3298     vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(demo->gpu, &demo->gpu_props);
3299
3300     /* Call with NULL data to get count */
3301     vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(demo->gpu, &demo->queue_family_count, NULL);
3302     assert(demo->queue_family_count >= 1);
3303
3304     demo->queue_props = (VkQueueFamilyProperties *)malloc(demo->queue_family_count * sizeof(VkQueueFamilyProperties));
3305     vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(demo->gpu, &demo->queue_family_count, demo->queue_props);
3306
3307     // Query fine-grained feature support for this device.
3308     //  If app has specific feature requirements it should check supported
3309     //  features based on this query
3310     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures physDevFeatures;
3311     vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(demo->gpu, &physDevFeatures);
3312
3313     GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(demo->inst, GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR);
3314     GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(demo->inst, GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR);
3315     GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(demo->inst, GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR);
3316     GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(demo->inst, GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR);
3317     GET_INSTANCE_PROC_ADDR(demo->inst, GetSwapchainImagesKHR);
3318 }
3319
3320 static void demo_create_device(struct demo *demo) {
3321     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
3322     float queue_priorities[1] = {0.0};
3323     VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queues[2];
3324     queues[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
3325     queues[0].pNext = NULL;
3326     queues[0].queueFamilyIndex = demo->graphics_queue_family_index;
3327     queues[0].queueCount = 1;
3328     queues[0].pQueuePriorities = queue_priorities;
3329     queues[0].flags = 0;
3330
3331     VkDeviceCreateInfo device = {
3332         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
3333         .pNext = NULL,
3334         .queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
3335         .pQueueCreateInfos = queues,
3336         .enabledLayerCount = 0,
3337         .ppEnabledLayerNames = NULL,
3338         .enabledExtensionCount = demo->enabled_extension_count,
3339         .ppEnabledExtensionNames = (const char *const *)demo->extension_names,
3340         .pEnabledFeatures = NULL,  // If specific features are required, pass them in here
3341     };
3342     if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
3343         queues[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
3344         queues[1].pNext = NULL;
3345         queues[1].queueFamilyIndex = demo->present_queue_family_index;
3346         queues[1].queueCount = 1;
3347         queues[1].pQueuePriorities = queue_priorities;
3348         queues[1].flags = 0;
3349         device.queueCreateInfoCount = 2;
3350     }
3351     err = vkCreateDevice(demo->gpu, &device, NULL, &demo->device);
3352     assert(!err);
3353 }
3354
3355 static void demo_init_vk_swapchain(struct demo *demo) {
3356     VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY err;
3357
3358 // Create a WSI surface for the window:
3359 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
3360     VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
3361     createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
3362     createInfo.pNext = NULL;
3363     createInfo.flags = 0;
3364     createInfo.hinstance = demo->connection;
3365     createInfo.hwnd = demo->window;
3366
3367     err = vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &createInfo, NULL, &demo->surface);
3368 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3369     VkWaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
3370     createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WAYLAND_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
3371     createInfo.pNext = NULL;
3372     createInfo.flags = 0;
3373     createInfo.display = demo->display;
3374     createInfo.surface = demo->window;
3375
3376     err = vkCreateWaylandSurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &createInfo, NULL, &demo->surface);
3377 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
3378     VkAndroidSurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
3379     createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ANDROID_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
3380     createInfo.pNext = NULL;
3381     createInfo.flags = 0;
3382     createInfo.window = (struct ANativeWindow *)(demo->window);
3383
3384     err = vkCreateAndroidSurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &createInfo, NULL, &demo->surface);
3385 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
3386     VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
3387     createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_XLIB_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
3388     createInfo.pNext = NULL;
3389     createInfo.flags = 0;
3390     createInfo.dpy = demo->display;
3391     createInfo.window = demo->xlib_window;
3392
3393     err = vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &createInfo, NULL, &demo->surface);
3394 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3395     VkXcbSurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
3396     createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_XCB_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
3397     createInfo.pNext = NULL;
3398     createInfo.flags = 0;
3399     createInfo.connection = demo->connection;
3400     createInfo.window = demo->xcb_window;
3401
3402     err = vkCreateXcbSurfaceKHR(demo->inst, &createInfo, NULL, &demo->surface);
3403 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_DISPLAY_KHR)
3404     err = demo_create_display_surface(demo);
3405 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK)
3406     VkIOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK surface;
3407     surface.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IOS_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_MVK;
3408     surface.pNext = NULL;
3409     surface.flags = 0;
3410     surface.pView = demo->window;
3411
3412     err = vkCreateIOSSurfaceMVK(demo->inst, &surface, NULL, &demo->surface);
3413 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
3414     VkMacOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK surface;
3415     surface.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MACOS_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_MVK;
3416     surface.pNext = NULL;
3417     surface.flags = 0;
3418     surface.pView = demo->window;
3419
3420     err = vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK(demo->inst, &surface, NULL, &demo->surface);
3421 #endif
3422     assert(!err);
3423
3424     // Iterate over each queue to learn whether it supports presenting:
3425     VkBool32 *supportsPresent = (VkBool32 *)malloc(demo->queue_family_count * sizeof(VkBool32));
3426     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->queue_family_count; i++) {
3427         demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(demo->gpu, i, demo->surface, &supportsPresent[i]);
3428     }
3429
3430     // Search for a graphics and a present queue in the array of queue
3431     // families, try to find one that supports both
3432     uint32_t graphicsQueueFamilyIndex = UINT32_MAX;
3433     uint32_t presentQueueFamilyIndex = UINT32_MAX;
3434     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->queue_family_count; i++) {
3435         if ((demo->queue_props[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != 0) {
3436             if (graphicsQueueFamilyIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
3437                 graphicsQueueFamilyIndex = i;
3438             }
3439
3440             if (supportsPresent[i] == VK_TRUE) {
3441                 graphicsQueueFamilyIndex = i;
3442                 presentQueueFamilyIndex = i;
3443                 break;
3444             }
3445         }
3446     }
3447
3448     if (presentQueueFamilyIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
3449         // If didn't find a queue that supports both graphics and present, then
3450         // find a separate present queue.
3451         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < demo->queue_family_count; ++i) {
3452             if (supportsPresent[i] == VK_TRUE) {
3453                 presentQueueFamilyIndex = i;
3454                 break;
3455             }
3456         }
3457     }
3458
3459     // Generate error if could not find both a graphics and a present queue
3460     if (graphicsQueueFamilyIndex == UINT32_MAX || presentQueueFamilyIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
3461         ERR_EXIT("Could not find both graphics and present queues\n", "Swapchain Initialization Failure");
3462     }
3463
3464     demo->graphics_queue_family_index = graphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
3465     demo->present_queue_family_index = presentQueueFamilyIndex;
3466     demo->separate_present_queue = (demo->graphics_queue_family_index != demo->present_queue_family_index);
3467     free(supportsPresent);
3468
3469     demo_create_device(demo);
3470
3471     GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, CreateSwapchainKHR);
3472     GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, DestroySwapchainKHR);
3473     GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, GetSwapchainImagesKHR);
3474     GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, AcquireNextImageKHR);
3475     GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, QueuePresentKHR);
3476     if (demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled) {
3477         GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, GetRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE);
3478         GET_DEVICE_PROC_ADDR(demo->device, GetPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE);
3479     }
3480
3481     vkGetDeviceQueue(demo->device, demo->graphics_queue_family_index, 0, &demo->graphics_queue);
3482
3483     if (!demo->separate_present_queue) {
3484         demo->present_queue = demo->graphics_queue;
3485     } else {
3486         vkGetDeviceQueue(demo->device, demo->present_queue_family_index, 0, &demo->present_queue);
3487     }
3488
3489     // Get the list of VkFormat's that are supported:
3490     uint32_t formatCount;
3491     err = demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(demo->gpu, demo->surface, &formatCount, NULL);
3492     assert(!err);
3493     VkSurfaceFormatKHR *surfFormats = (VkSurfaceFormatKHR *)malloc(formatCount * sizeof(VkSurfaceFormatKHR));
3494     err = demo->fpGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(demo->gpu, demo->surface, &formatCount, surfFormats);
3495     assert(!err);
3496     // If the format list includes just one entry of VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
3497     // the surface has no preferred format.  Otherwise, at least one
3498     // supported format will be returned.
3499     if (formatCount == 1 && surfFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
3500         demo->format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
3501     } else {
3502         assert(formatCount >= 1);
3503         demo->format = surfFormats[0].format;
3504     }
3505     demo->color_space = surfFormats[0].colorSpace;
3506     free(surfFormats);
3507
3508     demo->quit = false;
3509     demo->curFrame = 0;
3510
3511     // Create semaphores to synchronize acquiring presentable buffers before
3512     // rendering and waiting for drawing to be complete before presenting
3513     VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = {
3514         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
3515         .pNext = NULL,
3516         .flags = 0,
3517     };
3518
3519     // Create fences that we can use to throttle if we get too far
3520     // ahead of the image presents
3521     VkFenceCreateInfo fence_ci = {
3522         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO, .pNext = NULL, .flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT};
3523     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < FRAME_LAG; i++) {
3524         err = vkCreateFence(demo->device, &fence_ci, NULL, &demo->fences[i]);
3525         assert(!err);
3526
3527         err = vkCreateSemaphore(demo->device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, NULL, &demo->image_acquired_semaphores[i]);
3528         assert(!err);
3529
3530         err = vkCreateSemaphore(demo->device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, NULL, &demo->draw_complete_semaphores[i]);
3531         assert(!err);
3532
3533         if (demo->separate_present_queue) {
3534             err = vkCreateSemaphore(demo->device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, NULL, &demo->image_ownership_semaphores[i]);
3535             assert(!err);
3536         }
3537     }
3538     demo->frame_index = 0;
3539
3540     // Get Memory information and properties
3541     vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(demo->gpu, &demo->memory_properties);
3542 }
3543
3544 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3545 static void pointer_handle_enter(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface, wl_fixed_t sx,
3546                                  wl_fixed_t sy) {}
3547
3548 static void pointer_handle_leave(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface) {}
3549
3550 static void pointer_handle_motion(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy) {}
3551
3552 static void pointer_handle_button(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button,
3553                                   uint32_t state) {
3554     struct demo *demo = data;
3555     if (button == BTN_LEFT && state == WL_POINTER_BUTTON_STATE_PRESSED) {
3556         wl_shell_surface_move(demo->shell_surface, demo->seat, serial);
3557     }
3558 }
3559
3560 static void pointer_handle_axis(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value) {}
3561
3562 static const struct wl_pointer_listener pointer_listener = {
3563     pointer_handle_enter, pointer_handle_leave, pointer_handle_motion, pointer_handle_button, pointer_handle_axis,
3564 };
3565
3566 static void keyboard_handle_keymap(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t format, int fd, uint32_t size) {}
3567
3568 static void keyboard_handle_enter(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface,
3569                                   struct wl_array *keys) {}
3570
3571 static void keyboard_handle_leave(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface) {}
3572
3573 static void keyboard_handle_key(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t key,
3574                                 uint32_t state) {
3575     if (state != WL_KEYBOARD_KEY_STATE_RELEASED) return;
3576     struct demo *demo = data;
3577     switch (key) {
3578         case KEY_ESC:  // Escape
3579             demo->quit = true;
3580             break;
3581         case KEY_LEFT:  // left arrow key
3582             demo->spin_angle -= demo->spin_increment;
3583             break;
3584         case KEY_RIGHT:  // right arrow key
3585             demo->spin_angle += demo->spin_increment;
3586             break;
3587         case KEY_SPACE:  // space bar
3588             demo->pause = !demo->pause;
3589             break;
3590     }
3591 }
3592
3593 static void keyboard_handle_modifiers(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t mods_depressed,
3594                                       uint32_t mods_latched, uint32_t mods_locked, uint32_t group) {}
3595
3596 static const struct wl_keyboard_listener keyboard_listener = {
3597     keyboard_handle_keymap, keyboard_handle_enter, keyboard_handle_leave, keyboard_handle_key, keyboard_handle_modifiers,
3598 };
3599
3600 static void seat_handle_capabilities(void *data, struct wl_seat *seat, enum wl_seat_capability caps) {
3601     // Subscribe to pointer events
3602     struct demo *demo = data;
3603     if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && !demo->pointer) {
3604         demo->pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(seat);
3605         wl_pointer_add_listener(demo->pointer, &pointer_listener, demo);
3606     } else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && demo->pointer) {
3607         wl_pointer_destroy(demo->pointer);
3608         demo->pointer = NULL;
3609     }
3610     // Subscribe to keyboard events
3611     if (caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) {
3612         demo->keyboard = wl_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
3613         wl_keyboard_add_listener(demo->keyboard, &keyboard_listener, demo);
3614     } else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD)) {
3615         wl_keyboard_destroy(demo->keyboard);
3616         demo->keyboard = NULL;
3617     }
3618 }
3619
3620 static const struct wl_seat_listener seat_listener = {
3621     seat_handle_capabilities,
3622 };
3623
3624 static void registry_handle_global(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry, uint32_t id, const char *interface,
3625                                    uint32_t version UNUSED) {
3626     struct demo *demo = data;
3627     // pickup wayland objects when they appear
3628     if (strcmp(interface, "wl_compositor") == 0) {
3629         demo->compositor = wl_registry_bind(registry, id, &wl_compositor_interface, 1);
3630     } else if (strcmp(interface, "wl_shell") == 0) {
3631         demo->shell = wl_registry_bind(registry, id, &wl_shell_interface, 1);
3632     } else if (strcmp(interface, "wl_seat") == 0) {
3633         demo->seat = wl_registry_bind(registry, id, &wl_seat_interface, 1);
3634         wl_seat_add_listener(demo->seat, &seat_listener, demo);
3635     }
3636 }
3637
3638 static void registry_handle_global_remove(void *data UNUSED, struct wl_registry *registry UNUSED, uint32_t name UNUSED) {}
3639
3640 static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = {registry_handle_global, registry_handle_global_remove};
3641 #endif
3642
3643 static void demo_init_connection(struct demo *demo) {
3644 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3645     const xcb_setup_t *setup;
3646     xcb_screen_iterator_t iter;
3647     int scr;
3648
3649     const char *display_envar = getenv("DISPLAY");
3650     if (display_envar == NULL || display_envar[0] == '\0') {
3651         printf("Environment variable DISPLAY requires a valid value.\nExiting ...\n");
3652         fflush(stdout);
3653         exit(1);
3654     }
3655
3656     demo->connection = xcb_connect(NULL, &scr);
3657     if (xcb_connection_has_error(demo->connection) > 0) {
3658         printf("Cannot find a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD).\nExiting ...\n");
3659         fflush(stdout);
3660         exit(1);
3661     }
3662
3663     setup = xcb_get_setup(demo->connection);
3664     iter = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup);
3665     while (scr-- > 0) xcb_screen_next(&iter);
3666
3667     demo->screen = iter.data;
3668 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3669     demo->display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
3670
3671     if (demo->display == NULL) {
3672         printf("Cannot find a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD).\nExiting ...\n");
3673         fflush(stdout);
3674         exit(1);
3675     }
3676
3677     demo->registry = wl_display_get_registry(demo->display);
3678     wl_registry_add_listener(demo->registry, &registry_listener, demo);
3679     wl_display_dispatch(demo->display);
3680 #endif
3681 }
3682
3683 static void demo_init(struct demo *demo, int argc, char **argv) {
3684     vec3 eye = {0.0f, 3.0f, 5.0f};
3685     vec3 origin = {0, 0, 0};
3686     vec3 up = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0};
3687
3688     memset(demo, 0, sizeof(*demo));
3689     demo->presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
3690     demo->frameCount = INT32_MAX;
3691
3692     for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
3693         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--use_staging") == 0) {
3694             demo->use_staging_buffer = true;
3695             continue;
3696         }
3697         if ((strcmp(argv[i], "--present_mode") == 0) && (i < argc - 1)) {
3698             demo->presentMode = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
3699             i++;
3700             continue;
3701         }
3702         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--break") == 0) {
3703             demo->use_break = true;
3704             continue;
3705         }
3706         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--validate") == 0) {
3707             demo->validate = true;
3708             continue;
3709         }
3710         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--validate-checks-disabled") == 0) {
3711             demo->validate = true;
3712             demo->validate_checks_disabled = true;
3713             continue;
3714         }
3715         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--xlib") == 0) {
3716             fprintf(stderr, "--xlib is deprecated and no longer does anything");
3717             continue;
3718         }
3719         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--c") == 0 && demo->frameCount == INT32_MAX && i < argc - 1 &&
3720             sscanf(argv[i + 1], "%d", &demo->frameCount) == 1 && demo->frameCount >= 0) {
3721             i++;
3722             continue;
3723         }
3724         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--suppress_popups") == 0) {
3725             demo->suppress_popups = true;
3726             continue;
3727         }
3728         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--display_timing") == 0) {
3729             demo->VK_GOOGLE_display_timing_enabled = true;
3730             continue;
3731         }
3732         if (strcmp(argv[i], "--incremental_present") == 0) {
3733             demo->VK_KHR_incremental_present_enabled = true;
3734             continue;
3735         }
3736
3737 #if defined(ANDROID)
3738         ERR_EXIT("Usage: vkcube [--validate]\n", "Usage");
3739 #else
3740         char *message =
3741             "Usage:\n  %s\t[--use_staging] [--validate] [--validate-checks-disabled]\n"
3742             "\t[--break] [--c <framecount>] [--suppress_popups]\n"
3743             "\t[--incremental_present] [--display_timing]\n"
3744             "\t[--present_mode <present mode enum>]\n"
3745             "\t<present_mode_enum>\n"
3746             "\t\tVK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR = %d\n"
3747             "\t\tVK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR = %d\n"
3748             "\t\tVK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR = %d\n"
3749             "\t\tVK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR = %d\n";
3750         int length = snprintf(NULL, 0, message, APP_SHORT_NAME, VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
3751                               VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR);
3752         char *usage = (char *)malloc(length + 1);
3753         if (!usage) {
3754             exit(1);
3755         }
3756         snprintf(usage, length + 1, message, APP_SHORT_NAME, VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
3757                  VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR);
3758 #if defined(_WIN32)
3759         if (!demo->suppress_popups) MessageBox(NULL, usage, "Usage Error", MB_OK);
3760 #else
3761         fprintf(stderr, "%s", usage);
3762         fflush(stderr);
3763 #endif
3764         free(usage);
3765         exit(1);
3766 #endif
3767     }
3768
3769     demo_init_connection(demo);
3770
3771     demo_init_vk(demo);
3772
3773     demo->width = 500;
3774     demo->height = 500;
3775
3776     demo->spin_angle = 4.0f;
3777     demo->spin_increment = 0.2f;
3778     demo->pause = false;
3779
3780     mat4x4_perspective(demo->projection_matrix, (float)degreesToRadians(45.0f), 1.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
3781     mat4x4_look_at(demo->view_matrix, eye, origin, up);
3782     mat4x4_identity(demo->model_matrix);
3783
3784     demo->projection_matrix[1][1] *= -1;  // Flip projection matrix from GL to Vulkan orientation.
3785 }
3786
3787 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
3788 // Include header required for parsing the command line options.
3789 #include <shellapi.h>
3790
3791 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
3792     MSG msg;    // message
3793     bool done;  // flag saying when app is complete
3794     int argc;
3795     char **argv;
3796
3797     // Ensure wParam is initialized.
3798     msg.wParam = 0;
3799
3800     // Use the CommandLine functions to get the command line arguments.
3801     // Unfortunately, Microsoft outputs
3802     // this information as wide characters for Unicode, and we simply want the
3803     // Ascii version to be compatible
3804     // with the non-Windows side.  So, we have to convert the information to
3805     // Ascii character strings.
3806     LPWSTR *commandLineArgs = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &argc);
3807     if (NULL == commandLineArgs) {
3808         argc = 0;
3809     }
3810
3811     if (argc > 0) {
3812         argv = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * argc);
3813         if (argv == NULL) {
3814             argc = 0;
3815         } else {
3816             for (int iii = 0; iii < argc; iii++) {
3817                 size_t wideCharLen = wcslen(commandLineArgs[iii]);
3818                 size_t numConverted = 0;
3819
3820                 argv[iii] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (wideCharLen + 1));
3821                 if (argv[iii] != NULL) {
3822                     wcstombs_s(&numConverted, argv[iii], wideCharLen + 1, commandLineArgs[iii], wideCharLen + 1);
3823                 }
3824             }
3825         }
3826     } else {
3827         argv = NULL;
3828     }
3829
3830     demo_init(&demo, argc, argv);
3831
3832     // Free up the items we had to allocate for the command line arguments.
3833     if (argc > 0 && argv != NULL) {
3834         for (int iii = 0; iii < argc; iii++) {
3835             if (argv[iii] != NULL) {
3836                 free(argv[iii]);
3837             }
3838         }
3839         free(argv);
3840     }
3841
3842     demo.connection = hInstance;
3843     strncpy(demo.name, "Vulkan Cube", APP_NAME_STR_LEN);
3844     demo_create_window(&demo);
3845     demo_init_vk_swapchain(&demo);
3846
3847     demo_prepare(&demo);
3848
3849     done = false;  // initialize loop condition variable
3850
3851     // main message loop
3852     while (!done) {
3853         if (demo.pause) {
3854             const BOOL succ = WaitMessage();
3855
3856             if (!succ) {
3857                 struct demo *tmp = &demo;
3858                 struct demo *demo = tmp;
3859                 ERR_EXIT("WaitMessage() failed on paused demo", "event loop error");
3860             }
3861         }
3862         PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
3863         if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)  // check for a quit message
3864         {
3865             done = true;  // if found, quit app
3866         } else {
3867             /* Translate and dispatch to event queue*/
3868             TranslateMessage(&msg);
3869             DispatchMessage(&msg);
3870         }
3871         RedrawWindow(demo.window, NULL, NULL, RDW_INTERNALPAINT);
3872     }
3873
3874     demo_cleanup(&demo);
3875
3876     return (int)msg.wParam;
3877 }
3878
3879 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
3880 static void demo_main(struct demo *demo, void *view, int argc, const char *argv[]) {
3881
3882     demo_init(demo, argc, (char **)argv);
3883     demo->window = view;
3884     demo_init_vk_swapchain(demo);
3885     demo_prepare(demo);
3886     demo->spin_angle = 0.4f;
3887 }
3888
3889 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
3890 #include <android/log.h>
3891 #include <android_native_app_glue.h>
3892 #include "android_util.h"
3893
3894 static bool initialized = false;
3895 static bool active = false;
3896 struct demo demo;
3897
3898 static int32_t processInput(struct android_app *app, AInputEvent *event) { return 0; }
3899
3900 static void processCommand(struct android_app *app, int32_t cmd) {
3901     switch (cmd) {
3902         case APP_CMD_INIT_WINDOW: {
3903             if (app->window) {
3904                 // We're getting a new window.  If the app is starting up, we
3905                 // need to initialize.  If the app has already been
3906                 // initialized, that means that we lost our previous window,
3907                 // which means that we have a lot of work to do.  At a minimum,
3908                 // we need to destroy the swapchain and surface associated with
3909                 // the old window, and create a new surface and swapchain.
3910                 // However, since there are a lot of other objects/state that
3911                 // is tied to the swapchain, it's easiest to simply cleanup and
3912                 // start over (i.e. use a brute-force approach of re-starting
3913                 // the app)
3914                 if (demo.prepared) {
3915                     demo_cleanup(&demo);
3916                 }
3917
3918                 // Parse Intents into argc, argv
3919                 // Use the following key to send arguments, i.e.
3920                 // --es args "--validate"
3921                 const char key[] = "args";
3922                 char *appTag = (char *)APP_SHORT_NAME;
3923                 int argc = 0;
3924                 char **argv = get_args(app, key, appTag, &argc);
3925
3926                 __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, appTag, "argc = %i", argc);
3927                 for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, appTag, "argv[%i] = %s", i, argv[i]);
3928
3929                 demo_init(&demo, argc, argv);
3930
3931                 // Free the argv malloc'd by get_args
3932                 for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) free(argv[i]);
3933
3934                 demo.window = (void *)app->window;
3935                 demo_init_vk_swapchain(&demo);
3936                 demo_prepare(&demo);
3937                 initialized = true;
3938             }
3939             break;
3940         }
3941         case APP_CMD_GAINED_FOCUS: {
3942             active = true;
3943             break;
3944         }
3945         case APP_CMD_LOST_FOCUS: {
3946             active = false;
3947             break;
3948         }
3949     }
3950 }
3951
3952 void android_main(struct android_app *app) {
3953 #ifdef ANDROID
3954     int vulkanSupport = InitVulkan();
3955     if (vulkanSupport == 0) return;
3956 #endif
3957
3958     demo.prepared = false;
3959
3960     app->onAppCmd = processCommand;
3961     app->onInputEvent = processInput;
3962
3963     while (1) {
3964         int events;
3965         struct android_poll_source *source;
3966         while (ALooper_pollAll(active ? 0 : -1, NULL, &events, (void **)&source) >= 0) {
3967             if (source) {
3968                 source->process(app, source);
3969             }
3970
3971             if (app->destroyRequested != 0) {
3972                 demo_cleanup(&demo);
3973                 return;
3974             }
3975         }
3976         if (initialized && active) {
3977             demo_run(&demo);
3978         }
3979     }
3980 }
3981 #else
3982 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
3983     struct demo demo;
3984
3985     demo_init(&demo, argc, argv);
3986 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3987     demo_create_xcb_window(&demo);
3988 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
3989     demo_create_xlib_window(&demo);
3990 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
3991     demo_create_window(&demo);
3992 #endif
3993
3994     demo_init_vk_swapchain(&demo);
3995
3996     demo_prepare(&demo);
3997
3998 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
3999     demo_run_xcb(&demo);
4000 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
4001     demo_run_xlib(&demo);
4002 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
4003     demo_run(&demo);
4004 #elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_DISPLAY_KHR)
4005     demo_run_display(&demo);
4006 #endif
4007
4008     demo_cleanup(&demo);
4009
4010     return validation_error;
4011 }
4012 #endif