common/cmd_fdt.c

   1 /*
   2  * (C) Copyright 2007
   3  * Gerald Van Baren, Custom IDEAS, vanbaren@cideas.com
   4  * Based on code written by:
   5  *   Pantelis Antoniou <pantelis.antoniou@gmail.com> and
   6  *   Matthew McClintock <msm@freescale.com>
   7  *
   8  * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
   9  * project.
  10  *
  11  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  12  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  13  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
  14  * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  15  *
  16  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  17  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  18  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  19  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  20  *
  21  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  22  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  23  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  24  * MA 02111-1307 USA
  25  */
  26
  27 #include <common.h>
  28 #include <command.h>
  29 #include <linux/ctype.h>
  30 #include <linux/types.h>
  31
  32 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
  33
  34 #include <asm/global_data.h>
  35 #include <fdt.h>
  36 #include <libfdt.h>
  37 #include <fdt_support.h>
  38
  39 #define MAX_LEVEL       32              /* how deeply nested we will go */
  40 #define SCRATCHPAD      1024            /* bytes of scratchpad memory */
  41
  42 /*
  43  * Global data (for the gd->bd)
  44  */
  45 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
  46
  47 static int fdt_valid(void);
  48 static int fdt_parse_prop(char *pathp, char *prop, char *newval,
  49         char *data, int *len);
  50 static int fdt_print(char *pathp, char *prop, int depth);
  51
  52 /*
  53  * Flattened Device Tree command, see the help for parameter definitions.
  54  */
  55 int do_fdt (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
  56 {
  57         if (argc < 2) {
  58                 printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
  59                 return 1;
  60         }
  61
  62         /********************************************************************
  63          * Set the address of the fdt
  64          ********************************************************************/
  65         if (argv[1][0] == 'a') {
  66                 /*
  67                  * Set the address [and length] of the fdt.
  68                  */
  69                 fdt = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
  70
  71                 if (!fdt_valid()) {
  72                         return 1;
  73                 }
  74
  75                 if (argc >= 4) {
  76                         int  len;
  77                         int  err;
  78                         /*
  79                          * Optional new length
  80                          */
  81                         len =  simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 16);
  82                         if (len < fdt_totalsize(fdt)) {
  83                                 printf ("New length %d < existing length %d, "
  84                                         "ignoring.\n",
  85                                         len, fdt_totalsize(fdt));
  86                         } else {
  87                                 /*
  88                                  * Open in place with a new length.
  89                                  */
  90                                 err = fdt_open_into(fdt, fdt, len);
  91                                 if (err != 0) {
  92                                         printf ("libfdt fdt_open_into(): %s\n",
  93                                                 fdt_strerror(err));
  94                                 }
  95                         }
  96                 }
  97
  98         /********************************************************************
  99          * Move the fdt
 100          ********************************************************************/
 101         } else if ((argv[1][0] == 'm') && (argv[1][1] == 'o')) {
 102                 struct fdt_header *newaddr;
 103                 int  len;
 104                 int  err;
 105
 106                 if (argc < 4) {
 107                         printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
 108                         return 1;
 109                 }
 110
 111                 /*
 112                  * Set the address and length of the fdt.
 113                  */
 114                 fdt = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
 115                 if (!fdt_valid()) {
 116                         return 1;
 117                 }
 118
 119                 newaddr = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[3],NULL,16);
 120
 121                 /*
 122                  * If the user specifies a length, use that.  Otherwise use the
 123                  * current length.
 124                  */
 125                 if (argc <= 4) {
 126                         len = fdt_totalsize(fdt);
 127                 } else {
 128                         len = simple_strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 16);
 129                         if (len < fdt_totalsize(fdt)) {
 130                                 printf ("New length 0x%X < existing length "
 131                                         "0x%X, aborting.\n",
 132                                         len, fdt_totalsize(fdt));
 133                                 return 1;
 134                         }
 135                 }
 136
 137                 /*
 138                  * Copy to the new location.
 139                  */
 140                 err = fdt_open_into(fdt, newaddr, len);
 141                 if (err != 0) {
 142                         printf ("libfdt fdt_open_into(): %s\n",
 143                                 fdt_strerror(err));
 144                         return 1;
 145                 }
 146                 fdt = newaddr;
 147
 148         /********************************************************************
 149          * Make a new node
 150          ********************************************************************/
 151         } else if ((argv[1][0] == 'm') && (argv[1][1] == 'k')) {
 152                 char *pathp;            /* path */
 153                 char *nodep;            /* new node to add */
 154                 int  nodeoffset;        /* node offset from libfdt */
 155                 int  err;
 156
 157                 /*
 158                  * Parameters: Node path, new node to be appended to the path.
 159                  */
 160                 if (argc < 4) {
 161                         printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
 162                         return 1;
 163                 }
 164
 165                 pathp = argv[2];
 166                 nodep = argv[3];
 167
 168                 nodeoffset = fdt_find_node_by_path (fdt, pathp);
 169                 if (nodeoffset < 0) {
 170                         /*
 171                          * Not found or something else bad happened.
 172                          */
 173                         printf ("libfdt fdt_find_node_by_path() returned %s\n",
 174                                 fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
 175                         return 1;
 176                 }
 177                 err = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, nodeoffset, nodep);
 178                 if (err < 0) {
 179                         printf ("libfdt fdt_add_subnode(): %s\n",
 180                                 fdt_strerror(err));
 181                         return 1;
 182                 }
 183
 184         /********************************************************************
 185          * Set the value of a property in the fdt.
 186          ********************************************************************/
 187         } else if (argv[1][0] == 's') {
 188                 char *pathp;            /* path */
 189                 char *prop;             /* property */
 190                 char *newval;           /* value from the user (as a string) */
 191                 int  nodeoffset;        /* node offset from libfdt */
 192                 static char data[SCRATCHPAD];   /* storage for the property */
 193                 int  len;               /* new length of the property */
 194                 int  ret;               /* return value */
 195
 196                 /*
 197                  * Parameters: Node path, property, value.
 198                  */
 199                 if (argc < 5) {
 200                         printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
 201                         return 1;
 202                 }
 203
 204                 pathp  = argv[2];
 205                 prop   = argv[3];
 206                 newval = argv[4];
 207
 208                 nodeoffset = fdt_find_node_by_path (fdt, pathp);
 209                 if (nodeoffset < 0) {
 210                         /*
 211                          * Not found or something else bad happened.
 212                          */
 213                         printf ("libfdt fdt_find_node_by_path() returned %s\n",
 214                                 fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
 215                         return 1;
 216                 }
 217                 ret = fdt_parse_prop(pathp, prop, newval, data, &len);
 218                 if (ret != 0)
 219                         return ret;
 220
 221                 ret = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, prop, data, len);
 222                 if (ret < 0) {
 223                         printf ("libfdt fdt_setprop(): %s\n", fdt_strerror(ret));
 224                         return 1;
 225                 }
 226
 227         /********************************************************************
 228          * Print (recursive) / List (single level)
 229          ********************************************************************/
 230         } else if ((argv[1][0] == 'p') || (argv[1][0] == 'l')) {
 231                 int depth = MAX_LEVEL;  /* how deep to print */
 232                 char *pathp;            /* path */
 233                 char *prop;             /* property */
 234                 int  ret;               /* return value */
 235
 236                 /*
 237                  * list is an alias for print, but limited to 1 level
 238                  */
 239                 if (argv[1][0] == 'l') {
 240                         depth = 1;
 241                 }
 242
 243                 /*
 244                  * Get the starting path.  The root node is an oddball,
 245                  * the offset is zero and has no name.
 246                  */
 247                 pathp = argv[2];
 248                 if (argc > 3)
 249                         prop = argv[3];
 250                 else
 251                         prop = NULL;
 252
 253                 ret = fdt_print(pathp, prop, depth);
 254                 if (ret != 0)
 255                         return ret;
 256
 257         /********************************************************************
 258          * Remove a property/node
 259          ********************************************************************/
 260         } else if (argv[1][0] == 'r') {
 261                 int  nodeoffset;        /* node offset from libfdt */
 262                 int  err;
 263
 264                 /*
 265                  * Get the path.  The root node is an oddball, the offset
 266                  * is zero and has no name.
 267                  */
 268                 nodeoffset = fdt_find_node_by_path (fdt, argv[2]);
 269                 if (nodeoffset < 0) {
 270                         /*
 271                          * Not found or something else bad happened.
 272                          */
 273                         printf ("libfdt fdt_find_node_by_path() returned %s\n",
 274                                 fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
 275                         return 1;
 276                 }
 277                 /*
 278                  * Do the delete.  A fourth parameter means delete a property,
 279                  * otherwise delete the node.
 280                  */
 281                 if (argc > 3) {
 282                         err = fdt_delprop(fdt, nodeoffset, argv[3]);
 283                         if (err < 0) {
 284                                 printf("libfdt fdt_delprop():  %s\n",
 285                                         fdt_strerror(err));
 286                                 return err;
 287                         }
 288                 } else {
 289                         err = fdt_del_node(fdt, nodeoffset);
 290                         if (err < 0) {
 291                                 printf("libfdt fdt_del_node():  %s\n",
 292                                         fdt_strerror(err));
 293                                 return err;
 294                         }
 295                 }
 296         }
 297 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
 298         /* Call the board-specific fixup routine */
 299         else if (argv[1][0] == 'b')
 300                 ft_board_setup(fdt, gd->bd);
 301 #endif
 302         /* Create a chosen node */
 303         else if (argv[1][0] == 'c')
 304                 fdt_chosen(fdt, 0, 0, 1);
 305
 306 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_UBOOT_ENV
 307         /* Create a u-boot-env node */
 308         else if (argv[1][0] == 'e')
 309                 fdt_env(fdt);
 310 #endif
 311 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T
 312         /* Create a bd_t node */
 313         else if (argv[1][0] == 'b')
 314                 fdt_bd_t(fdt);
 315 #endif
 316         else {
 317                 /* Unrecognized command */
 318                 printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
 319                 return 1;
 320         }
 321
 322         return 0;
 323 }
 324
 325 /****************************************************************************/
 326
 327 static int fdt_valid(void)
 328 {
 329         int  err;
 330
 331         if (fdt == NULL) {
 332                 printf ("The address of the fdt is invalid (NULL).\n");
 333                 return 0;
 334         }
 335
 336         err = fdt_check_header(fdt);
 337         if (err == 0)
 338                 return 1;       /* valid */
 339
 340         if (err < 0) {
 341                 printf("libfdt fdt_check_header(): %s", fdt_strerror(err));
 342                 /*
 343                  * Be more informative on bad version.
 344                  */
 345                 if (err == -FDT_ERR_BADVERSION) {
 346                         if (fdt_version(fdt) < FDT_FIRST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
 347                                 printf (" - too old, fdt $d < %d",
 348                                         fdt_version(fdt),
 349                                         FDT_FIRST_SUPPORTED_VERSION);
 350                                 fdt = NULL;
 351                         }
 352                         if (fdt_last_comp_version(fdt) > FDT_LAST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
 353                                 printf (" - too new, fdt $d > %d",
 354                                         fdt_version(fdt),
 355                                         FDT_LAST_SUPPORTED_VERSION);
 356                                 fdt = NULL;
 357                         }
 358                         return 0;
 359                 }
 360                 printf("\n");
 361                 return 0;
 362         }
 363         return 1;
 364 }
 365
 366 /****************************************************************************/
 367
 368 /*
 369  * Parse the user's input, partially heuristic.  Valid formats:
 370  * <00>         - hex byte
 371  * <0011>       - hex half word (16 bits)
 372  * <00112233>   - hex word (32 bits)
 373  *              - hex double words (64 bits) are not supported, must use
 374  *                      a byte stream instead.
 375  * [00 11 22 .. nn] - byte stream
 376  * "string"     - If the the value doesn't start with "<" or "[", it is
 377  *                      treated as a string.  Note that the quotes are
 378  *                      stripped by the parser before we get the string.
 379  */
 380 static int fdt_parse_prop(char *pathp, char *prop, char *newval,
 381         char *data, int *len)
 382 {
 383         char *cp;               /* temporary char pointer */
 384         unsigned long tmp;      /* holds converted values */
 385
 386         if (*newval == '<') {
 387                 /*
 388                  * Bigger values than bytes.
 389                  */
 390                 *len = 0;
 391                 newval++;
 392                 while ((*newval != '>') && (*newval != '\0')) {
 393                         cp = newval;
 394                         tmp = simple_strtoul(cp, &newval, 16);
 395                         if ((newval - cp) <= 2) {
 396                                 *data = tmp & 0xFF;
 397                                 data  += 1;
 398                                 *len += 1;
 399                         } else if ((newval - cp) <= 4) {
 400                                 *(uint16_t *)data = __cpu_to_be16(tmp);
 401                                 data  += 2;
 402                                 *len += 2;
 403                         } else if ((newval - cp) <= 8) {
 404                                 *(uint32_t *)data = __cpu_to_be32(tmp);
 405                                 data  += 4;
 406                                 *len += 4;
 407                         } else {
 408                                 printf("Sorry, I could not convert \"%s\"\n",
 409                                         cp);
 410                                 return 1;
 411                         }
 412                         while (*newval == ' ')
 413                                 newval++;
 414                 }
 415                 if (*newval != '>') {
 416                         printf("Unexpected character '%c'\n", *newval);
 417                         return 1;
 418                 }
 419         } else if (*newval == '[') {
 420                 /*
 421                  * Byte stream.  Convert the values.
 422                  */
 423                 *len = 0;
 424                 newval++;
 425                 while ((*newval != ']') && (*newval != '\0')) {
 426                         tmp = simple_strtoul(newval, &newval, 16);
 427                         *data++ = tmp & 0xFF;
 428                         *len    = *len + 1;
 429                         while (*newval == ' ')
 430                                 newval++;
 431                 }
 432                 if (*newval != ']') {
 433                         printf("Unexpected character '%c'\n", *newval);
 434                         return 1;
 435                 }
 436         } else {
 437                 /*
 438                  * Assume it is a string.  Copy it into our data area for
 439                  * convenience (including the terminating '\0').
 440                  */
 441                 *len = strlen(newval) + 1;
 442                 strcpy(data, newval);
 443         }
 444         return 0;
 445 }
 446
 447 /****************************************************************************/
 448
 449 /*
 450  * Heuristic to guess if this is a string or concatenated strings.
 451  */
 452
 453 static int is_printable_string(const void *data, int len)
 454 {
 455         const char *s = data;
 456
 457         /* zero length is not */
 458         if (len == 0)
 459                 return 0;
 460
 461         /* must terminate with zero */
 462         if (s[len - 1] != '\0')
 463                 return 0;
 464
 465         /* printable or a null byte (concatenated strings) */
 466         while (((*s == '\0') || isprint(*s)) && (len > 0)) {
 467                 /*
 468                  * If we see a null, there are three possibilities:
 469                  * 1) If len == 1, it is the end of the string, printable
 470                  * 2) Next character also a null, not printable.
 471                  * 3) Next character not a null, continue to check.
 472                  */
 473                 if (s[0] == '\0') {
 474                         if (len == 1)
 475                                 return 1;
 476                         if (s[1] == '\0')
 477                                 return 0;
 478                 }
 479                 s++;
 480                 len--;
 481         }
 482
 483         /* Not the null termination, or not done yet: not printable */
 484         if (*s != '\0' || (len != 0))
 485                 return 0;
 486
 487         return 1;
 488 }
 489
 490
 491 /*
 492  * Print the property in the best format, a heuristic guess.  Print as
 493  * a string, concatenated strings, a byte, word, double word, or (if all
 494  * else fails) it is printed as a stream of bytes.
 495  */
 496 static void print_data(const void *data, int len)
 497 {
 498         int j;
 499         const u8 *s;
 500
 501         /* no data, don't print */
 502         if (len == 0)
 503                 return;
 504
 505         /*
 506          * It is a string, but it may have multiple strings (embedded '\0's).
 507          */
 508         if (is_printable_string(data, len)) {
 509                 puts("\"");
 510                 j = 0;
 511                 while (j < len) {
 512                         if (j > 0)
 513                                 puts("\", \"");
 514                         puts(data);
 515                         j    += strlen(data) + 1;
 516                         data += strlen(data) + 1;
 517                 }
 518                 puts("\"");
 519                 return;
 520         }
 521
 522         switch (len) {
 523         case 1:  /* byte */
 524                 printf("<%02x>", (*(u8 *) data) & 0xff);
 525                 break;
 526         case 2:  /* half-word */
 527                 printf("<%04x>", be16_to_cpu(*(u16 *) data) & 0xffff);
 528                 break;
 529         case 4:  /* word */
 530                 printf("<%08x>", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
 531                 break;
 532         case 8:  /* double-word */
 533 #if __WORDSIZE == 64
 534                 printf("<%016llx>", be64_to_cpu(*(uint64_t *) data));
 535 #else
 536                 printf("<%08x ", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
 537                 data += 4;
 538                 printf("%08x>", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
 539 #endif
 540                 break;
 541         default:                /* anything else... hexdump */
 542                 printf("[");
 543                 for (j = 0, s = data; j < len; j++)
 544                         printf("%02x%s", s[j], j < len - 1 ? " " : "");
 545                 printf("]");
 546
 547                 break;
 548         }
 549 }
 550
 551 /****************************************************************************/
 552
 553 /*
 554  * Recursively print (a portion of) the fdt.  The depth parameter
 555  * determines how deeply nested the fdt is printed.
 556  */
 557 static int fdt_print(char *pathp, char *prop, int depth)
 558 {
 559         static int offstack[MAX_LEVEL];
 560         static char tabs[MAX_LEVEL+1] =
 561                 "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t"
 562                 "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t";
 563         void *nodep;            /* property node pointer */
 564         int  nodeoffset;        /* node offset from libfdt */
 565         int  nextoffset;        /* next node offset from libfdt */
 566         uint32_t tag;           /* tag */
 567         int  len;               /* length of the property */
 568         int  level = 0;         /* keep track of nesting level */
 569
 570         nodeoffset = fdt_find_node_by_path (fdt, pathp);
 571         if (nodeoffset < 0) {
 572                 /*
 573                  * Not found or something else bad happened.
 574                  */
 575                 printf ("libfdt fdt_find_node_by_path() returned %s\n",
 576                         fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
 577                 return 1;
 578         }
 579         /*
 580          * The user passed in a property as well as node path.
 581          * Print only the given property and then return.
 582          */
 583         if (prop) {
 584                 nodep = fdt_getprop (fdt, nodeoffset, prop, &len);
 585                 if (len == 0) {
 586                         /* no property value */
 587                         printf("%s %s\n", pathp, prop);
 588                         return 0;
 589                 } else if (len > 0) {
 590                         printf("%s=", prop);
 591                         print_data (nodep, len);
 592                         printf("\n");
 593                         return 0;
 594                 } else {
 595                         printf ("libfdt fdt_getprop(): %s\n",
 596                                 fdt_strerror(len));
 597                         return 1;
 598                 }
 599         }
 600
 601         /*
 602          * The user passed in a node path and no property,
 603          * print the node and all subnodes.
 604          */
 605         offstack[0] = nodeoffset;
 606
 607         while(level >= 0) {
 608                 tag = fdt_next_tag(fdt, nodeoffset, &nextoffset, &pathp);
 609                 switch(tag) {
 610                 case FDT_BEGIN_NODE:
 611                         if(level <= depth)
 612                                 printf("%s%s {\n",
 613                                         &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level], pathp);
 614                         level++;
 615                         offstack[level] = nodeoffset;
 616                         if (level >= MAX_LEVEL) {
 617                                 printf("Aaaiii <splat> nested too deep. "
 618                                         "Aborting.\n");
 619                                 return 1;
 620                         }
 621                         break;
 622                 case FDT_END_NODE:
 623                         level--;
 624                         if(level <= depth)
 625                                 printf("%s};\n", &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level]);
 626                         if (level == 0) {
 627                                 level = -1;             /* exit the loop */
 628                         }
 629                         break;
 630                 case FDT_PROP:
 631                         nodep = fdt_getprop (fdt, offstack[level], pathp, &len);
 632                         if (len < 0) {
 633                                 printf ("libfdt fdt_getprop(): %s\n",
 634                                         fdt_strerror(len));
 635                                 return 1;
 636                         } else if (len == 0) {
 637                                 /* the property has no value */
 638                                 if(level <= depth)
 639                                         printf("%s%s;\n",
 640                                                 &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level],
 641                                                 pathp);
 642                         } else {
 643                                 if(level <= depth) {
 644                                         printf("%s%s=",
 645                                                 &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level],
 646                                                 pathp);
 647                                         print_data (nodep, len);
 648                                         printf(";\n");
 649                                 }
 650                         }
 651                         break;
 652                 case FDT_NOP:
 653                         break;
 654                 case FDT_END:
 655                         return 1;
 656                 default:
 657                         if(level <= depth)
 658                                 printf("Unknown tag 0x%08X\n", tag);
 659                         return 1;
 660                 }
 661                 nodeoffset = nextoffset;
 662         }
 663         return 0;
 664 }
 665
 666 /********************************************************************/
 667
 668 U_BOOT_CMD(
 669         fdt,    5,      0,      do_fdt,
 670         "fdt     - flattened device tree utility commands\n",
 671             "addr   <addr> [<length>]        - Set the fdt location to <addr>\n"
 672 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
 673         "fdt boardsetup                      - Do board-specific set up\n"
 674 #endif
 675         "fdt move   <fdt> <newaddr> <length> - Copy the fdt to <addr>\n"
 676         "fdt print  <path> [<prop>]          - Recursive print starting at <path>\n"
 677         "fdt list   <path> [<prop>]          - Print one level starting at <path>\n"
 678         "fdt set    <path> <prop> [<val>]    - Set <property> [to <val>]\n"
 679         "fdt mknode <path> <node>            - Create a new node after <path>\n"
 680         "fdt rm     <path> [<prop>]          - Delete the node or <property>\n"
 681         "fdt chosen - Add/update the /chosen branch in the tree\n"
 682 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_UBOOT_ENV
 683         "fdt env    - Add/replace the /u-boot-env branch in the tree\n"
 684 #endif
 685 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T
 686         "fdt bd_t   - Add/replace the /bd_t branch in the tree\n"
 687 #endif
 688         "Hints:\n"
 689         " If the property you are setting/printing has a '#' character or spaces,\n"
 690         "     you MUST escape it with a \\ character or quote it with \".\n"
 691         "Examples: fdt print /               # print the whole tree\n"
 692         "          fdt print /cpus \"#address-cells\"\n"
 693         "          fdt set   /cpus \"#address-cells\" \"[00 00 00 01]\"\n"
 694 );
 695
 696 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT */