1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
3 * Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium OS Authors.
10 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
11 #include <tpm-common.h>
13 #include "tpm-user-utils.h"
16 static int do_tpm_startup(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
19 enum tpm_startup_type mode;
28 if (!strcasecmp("TPM_ST_CLEAR", argv[1])) {
30 } else if (!strcasecmp("TPM_ST_STATE", argv[1])) {
32 } else if (!strcasecmp("TPM_ST_DEACTIVATED", argv[1])) {
33 mode = TPM_ST_DEACTIVATED;
35 printf("Couldn't recognize mode string: %s\n", argv[1]);
36 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
39 return report_return_code(tpm_startup(dev, mode));
42 static int do_tpm_nv_define_space(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
45 u32 index, perm, size;
55 index = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
56 perm = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
57 size = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
59 return report_return_code(tpm1_nv_define_space(dev, index, perm, size));
62 static int do_tpm_nv_read_value(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
75 index = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
76 data = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
77 count = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
79 rc = tpm_nv_read_value(dev, index, data, count);
81 puts("area content:\n");
82 print_byte_string(data, count);
85 return report_return_code(rc);
88 static int do_tpm_nv_write_value(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
101 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
102 index = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
103 data = parse_byte_string(argv[2], NULL, &count);
105 printf("Couldn't parse byte string %s\n", argv[2]);
106 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
109 rc = tpm_nv_write_value(dev, index, data, count);
112 return report_return_code(rc);
115 static int do_tpm_extend(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
118 u8 in_digest[20], out_digest[20];
127 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
128 index = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
129 if (!parse_byte_string(argv[2], in_digest, NULL)) {
130 printf("Couldn't parse byte string %s\n", argv[2]);
131 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
134 rc = tpm_pcr_extend(dev, index, in_digest, sizeof(in_digest),
137 puts("PCR value after execution of the command:\n");
138 print_byte_string(out_digest, sizeof(out_digest));
141 return report_return_code(rc);
144 static int do_tpm_pcr_read(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
147 u32 index, count, rc;
156 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
157 index = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
158 data = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
159 count = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
161 rc = tpm_pcr_read(dev, index, data, count);
163 puts("Named PCR content:\n");
164 print_byte_string(data, count);
167 return report_return_code(rc);
170 static int do_tpm_tsc_physical_presence(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag,
171 int argc, char *const argv[])
182 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
183 presence = (u16)simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
185 return report_return_code(tpm_tsc_physical_presence(dev, presence));
188 static int do_tpm_read_pubek(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
200 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
201 data = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
202 count = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
204 rc = tpm_read_pubek(dev, data, count);
206 puts("pubek value:\n");
207 print_byte_string(data, count);
210 return report_return_code(rc);
213 static int do_tpm_physical_set_deactivated(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag,
214 int argc, char *const argv[])
225 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
226 state = (u8)simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
228 return report_return_code(tpm_physical_set_deactivated(dev, state));
231 static int do_tpm_get_capability(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
234 u32 cap_area, sub_cap, rc;
244 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
245 cap_area = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
246 sub_cap = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
247 cap = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
248 count = simple_strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 0);
250 rc = tpm_get_capability(dev, cap_area, sub_cap, cap, count);
252 puts("capability information:\n");
253 print_byte_string(cap, count);
256 return report_return_code(rc);
259 static int do_tpm_raw_transfer(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
265 size_t count, response_length = sizeof(response);
268 command = parse_byte_string(argv[1], NULL, &count);
270 printf("Couldn't parse byte string %s\n", argv[1]);
271 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
278 rc = tpm_xfer(dev, command, count, response, &response_length);
281 puts("tpm response:\n");
282 print_byte_string(response, response_length);
285 return report_return_code(rc);
288 static int do_tpm_nv_define(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
291 u32 index, perm, size;
300 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
301 size = type_string_get_space_size(argv[1]);
303 printf("Couldn't parse arguments\n");
304 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
306 index = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
307 perm = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
309 return report_return_code(tpm1_nv_define_space(dev, index, perm, size));
312 static int do_tpm_nv_read(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
315 u32 index, count, err;
325 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
326 if (argc != 3 + type_string_get_num_values(argv[1]))
327 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
328 index = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
329 data = type_string_alloc(argv[1], &count);
331 printf("Couldn't parse arguments\n");
332 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
335 err = tpm_nv_read_value(dev, index, data, count);
337 if (type_string_write_vars(argv[1], data, argv + 3)) {
338 printf("Couldn't write to variables\n");
344 return report_return_code(err);
347 static int do_tpm_nv_write(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
350 u32 index, count, err;
360 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
361 if (argc != 3 + type_string_get_num_values(argv[1]))
362 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
363 index = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
364 data = type_string_alloc(argv[1], &count);
366 printf("Couldn't parse arguments\n");
367 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
369 if (type_string_pack(argv[1], argv + 3, data)) {
370 printf("Couldn't parse arguments\n");
372 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
375 err = tpm_nv_write_value(dev, index, data, count);
378 return report_return_code(err);
381 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
383 static int do_tpm_oiap(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
386 u32 auth_handle, err;
394 err = tpm1_oiap(dev, &auth_handle);
396 return report_return_code(err);
399 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1
400 static int do_tpm_load_key_by_sha1(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
403 u32 parent_handle = 0;
404 u32 key_len, key_handle, err;
405 u8 usage_auth[DIGEST_LENGTH];
406 u8 parent_hash[DIGEST_LENGTH];
415 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
417 parse_byte_string(argv[1], parent_hash, NULL);
418 key = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
419 key_len = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
420 if (strlen(argv[4]) != 2 * DIGEST_LENGTH)
421 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
422 parse_byte_string(argv[4], usage_auth, NULL);
424 err = tpm1_find_key_sha1(dev, usage_auth, parent_hash, &parent_handle);
426 printf("Could not find matching parent key (err = %d)\n", err);
427 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
430 printf("Found parent key %08x\n", parent_handle);
432 err = tpm1_load_key2_oiap(dev, parent_handle, key, key_len, usage_auth,
435 printf("Key handle is 0x%x\n", key_handle);
436 env_set_hex("key_handle", key_handle);
439 return report_return_code(err);
441 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1 */
443 static int do_tpm_load_key2_oiap(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
446 u32 parent_handle, key_len, key_handle, err;
447 u8 usage_auth[DIGEST_LENGTH];
457 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
459 parent_handle = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
460 key = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
461 key_len = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
462 if (strlen(argv[4]) != 2 * DIGEST_LENGTH)
463 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
464 parse_byte_string(argv[4], usage_auth, NULL);
466 err = tpm1_load_key2_oiap(dev, parent_handle, key, key_len, usage_auth,
469 printf("Key handle is 0x%x\n", key_handle);
471 return report_return_code(err);
474 static int do_tpm_get_pub_key_oiap(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
478 u8 usage_auth[DIGEST_LENGTH];
479 u8 pub_key_buffer[TPM_PUBKEY_MAX_LENGTH];
480 size_t pub_key_len = sizeof(pub_key_buffer);
489 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
491 key_handle = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
492 if (strlen(argv[2]) != 2 * DIGEST_LENGTH)
493 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
494 parse_byte_string(argv[2], usage_auth, NULL);
496 err = tpm1_get_pub_key_oiap(dev, key_handle, usage_auth, pub_key_buffer,
499 printf("dump of received pub key structure:\n");
500 print_byte_string(pub_key_buffer, pub_key_len);
502 return report_return_code(err);
505 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm1_end_oiap)
507 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS */
509 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES
510 static int do_tpm_flush(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
522 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
524 if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "key"))
526 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "auth"))
528 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "hash"))
530 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "trans"))
532 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "context"))
533 type = TPM_RT_CONTEXT;
534 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "counter"))
535 type = TPM_RT_COUNTER;
536 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "delegate"))
537 type = TPM_RT_DELEGATE;
538 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_tpm"))
539 type = TPM_RT_DAA_TPM;
540 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_v0"))
541 type = TPM_RT_DAA_V0;
542 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_v1"))
543 type = TPM_RT_DAA_V1;
546 printf("Resource type %s unknown.\n", argv[1]);
550 if (!strcasecmp(argv[2], "all")) {
557 /* fetch list of already loaded resources in the TPM */
558 err = tpm_get_capability(dev, TPM_CAP_HANDLE, type, buf,
561 printf("tpm_get_capability returned error %d.\n", err);
564 res_count = get_unaligned_be16(buf);
566 for (i = 0; i < res_count; ++i, ptr += 4)
567 tpm1_flush_specific(dev, get_unaligned_be32(ptr), type);
569 u32 handle = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
572 printf("Illegal resource handle %s\n", argv[2]);
575 tpm1_flush_specific(dev, cpu_to_be32(handle), type);
580 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES */
582 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES
583 static int do_tpm_list(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
599 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
601 if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "key"))
603 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "auth"))
605 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "hash"))
607 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "trans"))
609 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "context"))
610 type = TPM_RT_CONTEXT;
611 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "counter"))
612 type = TPM_RT_COUNTER;
613 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "delegate"))
614 type = TPM_RT_DELEGATE;
615 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_tpm"))
616 type = TPM_RT_DAA_TPM;
617 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_v0"))
618 type = TPM_RT_DAA_V0;
619 else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "daa_v1"))
620 type = TPM_RT_DAA_V1;
623 printf("Resource type %s unknown.\n", argv[1]);
627 /* fetch list of already loaded resources in the TPM */
628 err = tpm_get_capability(dev, TPM_CAP_HANDLE, type, buf,
631 printf("tpm_get_capability returned error %d.\n", err);
634 res_count = get_unaligned_be16(buf);
637 printf("Resources of type %s (%02x):\n", argv[1], type);
641 for (i = 0; i < res_count; ++i, ptr += 4)
642 printf("Index %d: %08x\n", i, get_unaligned_be32(ptr));
647 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES */
649 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm_self_test_full)
650 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm_continue_self_test)
651 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm_force_clear)
652 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm_physical_enable)
653 TPM_COMMAND_NO_ARG(tpm_physical_disable)
655 static struct cmd_tbl tpm1_commands[] = {
656 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(device, 0, 1, do_tpm_device, "", ""),
657 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(info, 0, 1, do_tpm_info, "", ""),
658 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(init, 0, 1, do_tpm_init, "", ""),
659 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(startup, 0, 1,
660 do_tpm_startup, "", ""),
661 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(self_test_full, 0, 1,
662 do_tpm_self_test_full, "", ""),
663 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(continue_self_test, 0, 1,
664 do_tpm_continue_self_test, "", ""),
665 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(force_clear, 0, 1,
666 do_tpm_force_clear, "", ""),
667 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(physical_enable, 0, 1,
668 do_tpm_physical_enable, "", ""),
669 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(physical_disable, 0, 1,
670 do_tpm_physical_disable, "", ""),
671 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_define_space, 0, 1,
672 do_tpm_nv_define_space, "", ""),
673 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_read_value, 0, 1,
674 do_tpm_nv_read_value, "", ""),
675 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_write_value, 0, 1,
676 do_tpm_nv_write_value, "", ""),
677 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(extend, 0, 1,
678 do_tpm_extend, "", ""),
679 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(pcr_read, 0, 1,
680 do_tpm_pcr_read, "", ""),
681 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(tsc_physical_presence, 0, 1,
682 do_tpm_tsc_physical_presence, "", ""),
683 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(read_pubek, 0, 1,
684 do_tpm_read_pubek, "", ""),
685 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(physical_set_deactivated, 0, 1,
686 do_tpm_physical_set_deactivated, "", ""),
687 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(get_capability, 0, 1,
688 do_tpm_get_capability, "", ""),
689 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(raw_transfer, 0, 1,
690 do_tpm_raw_transfer, "", ""),
691 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_define, 0, 1,
692 do_tpm_nv_define, "", ""),
693 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_read, 0, 1,
694 do_tpm_nv_read, "", ""),
695 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(nv_write, 0, 1,
696 do_tpm_nv_write, "", ""),
697 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
698 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(oiap, 0, 1,
699 do_tpm_oiap, "", ""),
700 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(end_oiap, 0, 1,
701 do_tpm1_end_oiap, "", ""),
702 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(load_key2_oiap, 0, 1,
703 do_tpm_load_key2_oiap, "", ""),
704 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1
705 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(load_key_by_sha1, 0, 1,
706 do_tpm_load_key_by_sha1, "", ""),
707 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1 */
708 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(get_pub_key_oiap, 0, 1,
709 do_tpm_get_pub_key_oiap, "", ""),
710 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS */
711 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES
712 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(flush, 0, 1,
713 do_tpm_flush, "", ""),
714 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES */
715 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES
716 U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(list, 0, 1,
717 do_tpm_list, "", ""),
718 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES */
721 struct cmd_tbl *get_tpm1_commands(unsigned int *size)
723 *size = ARRAY_SIZE(tpm1_commands);
725 return tpm1_commands;
728 U_BOOT_CMD(tpm, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_tpm,
729 "Issue a TPMv1.x command",
731 " - Issue TPM command <cmd> with arguments <args...>.\n"
732 "Admin Startup and State Commands:\n"
733 " device [num device]\n"
734 " - Show all devices or set the specified device\n"
735 " info - Show information about the TPM\n"
737 " - Put TPM into a state where it waits for 'startup' command.\n"
739 " - Issue TPM_Starup command. <mode> is one of TPM_ST_CLEAR,\n"
740 " TPM_ST_STATE, and TPM_ST_DEACTIVATED.\n"
741 "Admin Testing Commands:\n"
743 " - Test all of the TPM capabilities.\n"
744 " continue_self_test\n"
745 " - Inform TPM that it should complete the self-test.\n"
746 "Admin Opt-in Commands:\n"
748 " - Set the PERMANENT disable flag to FALSE using physical presence as\n"
750 " physical_disable\n"
751 " - Set the PERMANENT disable flag to TRUE using physical presence as\n"
753 " physical_set_deactivated 0|1\n"
754 " - Set deactivated flag.\n"
755 "Admin Ownership Commands:\n"
757 " - Issue TPM_ForceClear command.\n"
758 " tsc_physical_presence flags\n"
759 " - Set TPM device's Physical Presence flags to <flags>.\n"
760 "The Capability Commands:\n"
761 " get_capability cap_area sub_cap addr count\n"
762 " - Read <count> bytes of TPM capability indexed by <cap_area> and\n"
763 " <sub_cap> to memory address <addr>.\n"
764 #if defined(CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES) || defined(CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES)
765 "Resource management functions\n"
767 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES
768 " flush resource_type id\n"
769 " - flushes a resource of type <resource_type> (may be one of key, auth,\n"
770 " hash, trans, context, counter, delegate, daa_tpm, daa_v0, daa_v1),\n"
771 " and id <id> from the TPM. Use an <id> of \"all\" to flush all\n"
772 " resources of that type.\n"
773 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_FLUSH_RESOURCES */
774 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES
775 " list resource_type\n"
776 " - lists resources of type <resource_type> (may be one of key, auth,\n"
777 " hash, trans, context, counter, delegate, daa_tpm, daa_v0, daa_v1),\n"
778 " contained in the TPM.\n"
779 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LIST_RESOURCES */
780 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
781 "Storage functions\n"
782 " loadkey2_oiap parent_handle key_addr key_len usage_auth\n"
783 " - loads a key data from memory address <key_addr>, <key_len> bytes\n"
784 " into TPM using the parent key <parent_handle> with authorization\n"
785 " <usage_auth> (20 bytes hex string).\n"
786 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1
787 " load_key_by_sha1 parent_hash key_addr key_len usage_auth\n"
788 " - loads a key data from memory address <key_addr>, <key_len> bytes\n"
789 " into TPM using the parent hash <parent_hash> (20 bytes hex string)\n"
790 " with authorization <usage_auth> (20 bytes hex string).\n"
791 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_LOAD_KEY_BY_SHA1 */
792 " get_pub_key_oiap key_handle usage_auth\n"
793 " - get the public key portion of a loaded key <key_handle> using\n"
794 " authorization <usage auth> (20 bytes hex string)\n"
795 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS */
796 "Endorsement Key Handling Commands:\n"
797 " read_pubek addr count\n"
798 " - Read <count> bytes of the public endorsement key to memory\n"
800 "Integrity Collection and Reporting Commands:\n"
801 " extend index digest_hex_string\n"
802 " - Add a new measurement to a PCR. Update PCR <index> with the 20-bytes\n"
803 " <digest_hex_string>\n"
804 " pcr_read index addr count\n"
805 " - Read <count> bytes from PCR <index> to memory address <addr>.\n"
806 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
807 "Authorization Sessions\n"
809 " - setup an OIAP session\n"
811 " - terminates an active OIAP session\n"
812 #endif /* CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS */
813 "Non-volatile Storage Commands:\n"
814 " nv_define_space index permission size\n"
815 " - Establish a space at index <index> with <permission> of <size> bytes.\n"
816 " nv_read_value index addr count\n"
817 " - Read <count> bytes from space <index> to memory address <addr>.\n"
818 " nv_write_value index addr count\n"
819 " - Write <count> bytes from memory address <addr> to space <index>.\n"
820 "Miscellaneous helper functions:\n"
821 " raw_transfer byte_string\n"
822 " - Send a byte string <byte_string> to TPM and print the response.\n"
823 " Non-volatile storage helper functions:\n"
824 " These helper functions treat a non-volatile space as a non-padded\n"
825 " sequence of integer values. These integer values are defined by a type\n"
826 " string, which is a text string of 'bwd' characters: 'b' means a 8-bit\n"
827 " value, 'w' 16-bit value, 'd' 32-bit value. All helper functions take\n"
828 " a type string as their first argument.\n"
829 " nv_define type_string index perm\n"
830 " - Define a space <index> with permission <perm>.\n"
831 " nv_read types_string index vars...\n"
832 " - Read from space <index> to environment variables <vars...>.\n"
833 " nv_write types_string index values...\n"
834 " - Write to space <index> from values <values...>.\n"