1 /* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */
3 /* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
7 Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 /* Stuff in curly braces gets expanded before all other shell expansions. */
25 #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
27 #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
29 # include <sys/types.h>
42 #include "chartypes.h"
44 #define brace_whitespace(c) (!(c) || (c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n')
46 #define BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER ".."
48 extern int asprintf __P((char **, const char *, ...)) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 3)));
52 Segregate the text into 3 sections: preamble (stuff before an open brace),
53 postamble (stuff after the matching close brace) and amble (stuff after
54 preamble, and before postamble). Expand amble, and then tack on the
55 expansions to preamble. Expand postamble, and tack on the expansions to
59 /* The character which is used to separate arguments. */
60 static const int brace_arg_separator = ',';
63 static int brace_gobbler __P((char *, size_t, int *, int));
64 static char **expand_amble __P((char *, size_t, int));
65 static char **expand_seqterm __P((char *, size_t));
66 static char **mkseq __P((int, int, int, int, int));
67 static char **array_concat __P((char **, char **));
69 static int brace_gobbler ();
70 static char **expand_amble ();
71 static char **expand_seqterm ();
72 static char **mkseq();
73 static char **array_concat ();
83 for (i = 0; a[i]; i++)
84 printf ("dump_result: a[%d] = -%s-\n", i, a[i]);
88 /* Return an array of strings; the brace expansion of TEXT. */
95 char *preamble, *postamble, *amble;
97 char **tack, **result;
102 /* Find the text of the preamble. */
103 tlen = strlen (text);
105 #if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
106 c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */
108 /* Make sure that when we exit this loop, c == 0 or text[i] begins a
109 valid brace expansion sequence. */
112 c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */
114 /* Verify that c begins a valid brace expansion word. If it doesn't, we
115 go on. Loop stops when there are no more open braces in the word. */
118 start = j = i + 1; /* { */
119 c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &j, '}');
120 if (c == 0) /* it's not */
136 #endif /* !CSH_BRACE_COMPAT */
138 preamble = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1);
139 strncpy (preamble, text, i);
142 result = (char **)xmalloc (2 * sizeof (char *));
143 result[0] = preamble;
144 result[1] = (char *)NULL;
146 /* Special case. If we never found an exciting character, then
147 the preamble is all of the text, so just return that. */
151 /* Find the amble. This is the stuff inside this set of braces. */
153 c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '}');
155 /* What if there isn't a matching close brace? */
159 /* Well, if we found an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR between START
160 and I, then this should be an error. Otherwise, it isn't. */
167 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, j);
171 if (text[j] == brace_arg_separator)
173 strvec_dispose (result);
174 report_error ("no closing `%c' in %s", '}', text);
175 throw_to_top_level ();
177 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, j);
180 free (preamble); /* Same as result[0]; see initialization. */
181 result[0] = savestring (text);
186 amble = substring (text, start, i);
189 amble = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start));
190 strncpy (amble, &text[start], (i - start));
198 /* If the amble does not contain an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, then
199 just return without doing any expansion. */
203 if (amble[j] == '\\')
206 ADVANCE_CHAR (amble, alen, j);
210 if (amble[j] == brace_arg_separator)
213 ADVANCE_CHAR (amble, alen, j);
218 tack = expand_seqterm (amble, alen);
225 result[0] = savestring (text);
231 tack = expand_amble (amble, alen, 0);
233 result = array_concat (result, tack);
235 strvec_dispose (tack);
237 postamble = text + i + 1;
239 tack = brace_expand (postamble);
240 result = array_concat (result, tack);
241 strvec_dispose (tack);
246 /* Expand the text found inside of braces. We simply try to split the
247 text at BRACE_ARG_SEPARATORs into separate strings. We then brace
248 expand each slot which needs it, until there are no more slots which
251 expand_amble (text, tlen, flags)
256 char **result, **partial;
262 result = (char **)NULL;
268 c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, brace_arg_separator);
270 tem = substring (text, start, i);
272 tem = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start));
273 strncpy (tem, &text[start], (i - start));
274 tem[i- start] = '\0';
277 partial = brace_expand (tem);
283 register int lr, lp, j;
285 lr = strvec_len (result);
286 lp = strvec_len (partial);
288 result = strvec_resize (result, lp + lr + 1);
290 for (j = 0; j < lp; j++)
291 result[lr + j] = partial[j];
293 result[lr + j] = (char *)NULL;
297 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
309 mkseq (start, end, incr, type, width)
310 int start, end, incr, type, width;
315 n = abs (end - start) + 1;
316 result = strvec_create (n + 1);
321 if (start > end && incr > 0)
323 else if (start < end && incr < 0)
326 /* Make sure we go through the loop at least once, so {3..3} prints `3' */
332 QUIT; /* XXX - memory leak here */
335 result[i++] = itos (n);
336 else if (type == ST_ZINT)
339 len = asprintf (&t, "%0*d", width, n);
344 t = (char *)xmalloc (2);
350 if ((incr < 0 && n < end) || (incr > 0 && n > end))
355 result[i] = (char *)0;
360 expand_seqterm (text, tlen)
365 int i, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_v, rhs_v, incr, lhs_l, rhs_l, width;
369 t = strstr (text, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER);
371 return ((char **)NULL);
373 lhs_l = t - text; /* index of start of BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER */
374 lhs = substring (text, 0, lhs_l);
375 rhs = substring (text, lhs_l + sizeof(BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER) - 1, tlen);
377 if (lhs[0] == 0 || rhs[0] == 0)
381 return ((char **)NULL);
384 /* Now figure out whether LHS and RHS are integers or letters. Both
385 sides have to match. */
386 lhs_t = (legal_number (lhs, &tl)) ? ST_INT :
387 ((ISALPHA (lhs[0]) && lhs[1] == 0) ? ST_CHAR : ST_BAD);
389 /* Decide on rhs and whether or not it looks like the user specified
392 if (ISDIGIT (rhs[0]) || ((rhs[0] == '+' || rhs[0] == '-') && ISDIGIT (rhs[1])))
395 tr = strtoimax (rhs, &ep, 10);
396 if (ep && *ep != 0 && *ep != '.')
397 rhs_t = ST_BAD; /* invalid */
399 else if (ISALPHA (rhs[0]) && (rhs[1] == 0 || rhs[1] == '.'))
413 if (ep && *ep == '.' && ep[1] == '.' && ep[2])
414 incr = strtoimax (ep + 2, &ep, 10);
416 rhs_t = ST_BAD; /* invalid incr */
419 if (lhs_t != rhs_t || lhs_t == ST_BAD || rhs_t == ST_BAD)
423 return ((char **)NULL);
426 /* OK, we have something. It's either a sequence of integers, ascending
427 or descending, or a sequence or letters, ditto. Generate the sequence,
428 put it into a string vector, and return it. */
430 if (lhs_t == ST_CHAR)
432 lhs_v = (unsigned char)lhs[0];
433 rhs_v = (unsigned char)rhs[0];
438 lhs_v = tl; /* integer truncation */
441 /* Decide whether or not the terms need zero-padding */
442 rhs_l = tlen - lhs_l - sizeof (BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER) + 1;
444 if (lhs_l > 1 && lhs[0] == '0')
445 width = lhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT;
446 if (lhs_l > 2 && lhs[0] == '-' && lhs[1] == '0')
447 width = lhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT;
448 if (rhs_l > 1 && rhs[0] == '0' && width < rhs_l)
449 width = rhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT;
450 if (rhs_l > 2 && rhs[0] == '-' && rhs[1] == '0' && width < rhs_l)
451 width = rhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT;
454 result = mkseq (lhs_v, rhs_v, incr, lhs_t, width);
462 /* Start at INDEX, and skip characters in TEXT. Set INDEX to the
463 index of the character matching SATISFY. This understands about
464 quoting. Return the character that caused us to stop searching;
465 this is either the same as SATISFY, or 0. */
466 /* If SATISFY is `}', we are looking for a brace expression, so we
467 should enforce the rules that govern valid brace expansions:
468 1) to count as an arg separator, a comma or `..' has to be outside
469 an inner set of braces.
472 brace_gobbler (text, tlen, indx, satisfy)
478 register int i, c, quoted, level, commas, pass_next;
485 level = quoted = pass_next = 0;
486 #if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
489 commas = (satisfy == '}') ? 0 : 1;
498 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
502 /* A backslash escapes the next character. This allows backslash to
503 escape the quote character in a double-quoted string. */
504 if (c == '\\' && (quoted == 0 || quoted == '"' || quoted == '`'))
512 /* If compiling for the shell, treat ${...} like \{...} */
513 if (c == '$' && text[i+1] == '{' && quoted != '\'') /* } */
527 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
531 if (c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '`')
539 /* Pass new-style command and process substitutions through unchanged. */
540 if ((c == '$' || c == '<' || c == '>') && text[i+1] == '(') /* ) */
543 t = extract_command_subst (text, &si, 0);
551 if (c == satisfy && level == 0 && quoted == 0 && commas > 0)
553 /* We ignore an open brace surrounded by whitespace, and also
554 an open brace followed immediately by a close brace preceded
557 ((!i || brace_whitespace (text[i - 1])) &&
558 (brace_whitespace (text[i + 1]) || text[i + 1] == '}')))
569 else if (c == '}' && level)
571 #if !defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
572 else if (satisfy == '}' && c == brace_arg_separator && level == 0)
574 else if (satisfy == '}' && STREQN (text+i, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER, 2) &&
575 text[i+2] != satisfy && level == 0)
579 ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
586 /* Return a new array of strings which is the result of appending each
587 string in ARR2 to each string in ARR1. The resultant array is
588 len (arr1) * len (arr2) long. For convenience, ARR1 (and its contents)
589 are free ()'ed. ARR1 can be NULL, in that case, a new version of ARR2
592 array_concat (arr1, arr2)
595 register int i, j, len, len1, len2;
596 register char **result;
599 return (strvec_copy (arr2));
602 return (strvec_copy (arr1));
604 len1 = strvec_len (arr1);
605 len2 = strvec_len (arr2);
607 result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *));
610 for (i = 0; i < len1; i++)
612 int strlen_1 = strlen (arr1[i]);
614 for (j = 0; j < len2; j++)
616 result[len] = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen_1 + strlen (arr2[j]));
617 strcpy (result[len], arr1[i]);
618 strcpy (result[len] + strlen_1, arr2[j]);
625 result[len] = (char *)NULL;
632 fatal_error (format, arg1, arg2)
633 char *format, *arg1, *arg2;
635 report_error (format, arg1, arg2);
639 report_error (format, arg1, arg2)
640 char *format, *arg1, *arg2;
642 fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2);
643 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
655 fprintf (stderr, "brace_expand> ");
657 if ((!fgets (example, 256, stdin)) ||
658 (strncmp (example, "quit", 4) == 0))
661 if (strlen (example))
662 example[strlen (example) - 1] = '\0';
664 result = brace_expand (example);
666 for (i = 0; result[i]; i++)
667 printf ("%s\n", result[i]);
675 * compile-command: "gcc -g -Bstatic -DTEST -o brace_expand braces.c general.o"
680 #endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */