board/mvblue/flash.c

   1 /*
   2  * (C) Copyright 2000
   3  * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
   4  * (C) Copyright 2001-2003
   5  *
   6  * Changes for MATRIX Vision mvBLUE devices
   7  * MATRIX Vision GmbH / hg,as info@matrix-vision.de
   8  *
   9  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  10  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  11  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
  12  * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  13  *
  14  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  22  * MA 02111-1307 USA
  23  */
  24
  25 #include <common.h>
  26 #include <mpc824x.h>
  27
  28 #if 0
  29         #define mvdebug(p) printf ##p
  30 #else
  31         #define mvdebug(p)
  32 #endif
  33
  34 flash_info_t    flash_info[CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS];
  35
  36 #define FLASH_BUS_WIDTH         8
  37
  38 #if (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH==32)
  39         #define FLASH_DATA_MASK 0xffffffff
  40         #define FLASH_SHIFT 1
  41         #define FDT     vu_long
  42 #elif (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH==16)
  43         #define FLASH_DATA_MASK 0xff
  44         #define FLASH_SHIFT 0
  45         #define FDT     vu_short
  46 #elif (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH==8)
  47         #define FLASH_DATA_MASK 0xff
  48         #define FLASH_SHIFT 0
  49         #define FDT     vu_char
  50 #else
  51         #error FLASH_BUS_WIDTH undefined
  52 #endif
  53
  54 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  55  * Functions
  56  */
  57 static ulong flash_get_size (vu_long *address, flash_info_t *info);
  58 static int write_word (flash_info_t *info, ulong dest, ulong data);
  59 static void flash_get_offsets (ulong base, flash_info_t *info);
  60
  61 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  62  */
  63 unsigned long flash_init (void)
  64 {
  65         unsigned long size_b0;
  66         int i;
  67
  68         for (i=0; i<CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS; ++i) {
  69                 flash_info[i].flash_id = FLASH_UNKNOWN;
  70         }
  71
  72         size_b0 = flash_get_size((vu_long *)0xffc00000, &flash_info[0]);
  73
  74         if (flash_info[0].flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) {
  75                 printf ("## Unknown FLASH : Size = 0x%08lx = %ld MB\n",
  76                         size_b0, size_b0<<20);
  77         }
  78
  79         flash_get_offsets (0xffc00000, &flash_info[0]);
  80         flash_info[0].size = size_b0;
  81
  82         /* monitor protection OFF by default */
  83         flash_protect ( FLAG_PROTECT_CLEAR, 0xffc00000, 0x2000, flash_info );
  84
  85         return size_b0;
  86 }
  87
  88 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  89  */
  90 static void flash_get_offsets (ulong base, flash_info_t *info)
  91 {
  92         int i;
  93
  94         /* set up sector start address table */
  95         if (info->flash_id & FLASH_BTYPE)
  96         {       /* bottom boot sector types - these are the useful ones! */
  97                 /* set sector offsets for bottom boot block type */
  98                 if ((info->flash_id & FLASH_TYPEMASK) == FLASH_AM320B)
  99                 {       /* AMDLV320B has 8 x 8k bottom boot sectors */
 100                         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)                                                                                         /* +8k          */
 101                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00002000 << FLASH_SHIFT));
 102                         for (; i < info->sector_count; i++)                                                                     /* +64k         */
 103                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT)) - (0x00070000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 104                 }
 105                 else
 106                 {       /* other types have 4 bottom boot sectors (16,8,8,32) */
 107                         i = 0;
 108                         info->start[i++] = base +  0x00000000;                                                          /* -            */
 109                         info->start[i++] = base + (0x00004000 << FLASH_SHIFT);                          /* +16k         */
 110                         info->start[i++] = base + (0x00006000 << FLASH_SHIFT);                          /* +8k          */
 111                         info->start[i++] = base + (0x00008000 << FLASH_SHIFT);                          /* +8k          */
 112                         info->start[i++] = base + (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT);                          /* +32k         */
 113                         for (; i < info->sector_count; i++)                                                                     /* +64k         */
 114                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT)) - (0x00030000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 115                 }
 116         }
 117         else
 118         {       /* top boot sector types - not so useful */
 119                 /* set sector offsets for top boot block type */
 120                 if ((info->flash_id & FLASH_TYPEMASK) == FLASH_AM320T)
 121                 {       /* AMDLV320T has 8 x 8k top boot sectors */
 122                         for (i = 0; i < info->sector_count - 8; i++)                                            /* +64k         */
 123                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT));
 124                         for (; i < info->sector_count; i++)                                                                     /* +8k          */
 125                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00002000 << FLASH_SHIFT));
 126                 }
 127                 else
 128                 {       /* other types have 4 top boot sectors (32,8,8,16) */
 129                         for (i = 0; i < info->sector_count - 4; i++)                                            /* +64k         */
 130                                 info->start[i] = base + (i * (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT));
 131
 132                         info->start[i++] = base + info->size - (0x00010000 << FLASH_SHIFT);     /* -32k         */
 133                         info->start[i++] = base + info->size - (0x00008000 << FLASH_SHIFT);     /* -8k          */
 134                         info->start[i++] = base + info->size - (0x00006000 << FLASH_SHIFT);     /* -8k          */
 135                         info->start[i]   = base + info->size - (0x00004000 << FLASH_SHIFT);     /* -16k         */
 136                 }
 137         }
 138 }
 139
 140 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 141  */
 142 void flash_print_info  (flash_info_t *info)
 143 {
 144         int i;
 145
 146         if (info->flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) {
 147                 printf ("missing or unknown FLASH type\n");
 148                 return;
 149         }
 150
 151         switch (info->flash_id & FLASH_VENDMASK) {
 152         case FLASH_MAN_AMD:     printf ("AMD ");                break;
 153         case FLASH_MAN_FUJ:     printf ("FUJITSU ");    break;
 154         case FLASH_MAN_STM:     printf ("ST ");                 break;
 155         default:                printf ("Unknown Vendor ");     break;
 156         }
 157
 158         switch (info->flash_id & FLASH_TYPEMASK) {
 159         case FLASH_AM160B:      printf ("AM29LV160B (16 Mbit, bottom boot sect)\n");
 160                                 break;
 161         case FLASH_AM160T:      printf ("AM29LV160T (16 Mbit, top boot sector)\n");
 162                                 break;
 163         case FLASH_AM320B:      printf ("AM29LV320B (32 Mbit, bottom boot sect)\n");
 164                                 break;
 165         case FLASH_AM320T:      printf ("AM29LV320T (32 Mbit, top boot sector)\n");
 166                                 break;
 167         case FLASH_STMW320DB:   printf ("M29W320B (32 Mbit, bottom boot sect)\n");
 168                                 break;
 169         case FLASH_STMW320DT:   printf ("M29W320T (32 Mbit, top boot sector)\n");
 170                                 break;
 171         default:                printf ("Unknown Chip Type\n");
 172                                 break;
 173         }
 174
 175         printf ("  Size: %ld MB in %d Sectors\n", info->size >> 20, info->sector_count);
 176
 177         printf ("  Sector Start Addresses:");
 178         for (i=0; i<info->sector_count; ++i) {
 179                 if ((i % 5) == 0)
 180                         printf ("\n   ");
 181                 printf (" %08lX%s", info->start[i], info->protect[i] ? " (RO)" : "     ");
 182         }
 183         printf ("\n");
 184 }
 185
 186 /*
 187  * The following code cannot be run from FLASH!
 188  */
 189
 190 #define AMD_ID_LV160T_MVS       (AMD_ID_LV160T & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 191 #define AMD_ID_LV160B_MVS       (AMD_ID_LV160B & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 192 #define AMD_ID_LV320T_MVS       (AMD_ID_LV320T & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 193 #define AMD_ID_LV320B_MVS       (AMD_ID_LV320B & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 194 #define STM_ID_W320DT_MVS       (STM_ID_29W320DT & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 195 #define STM_ID_W320DB_MVS       (STM_ID_29W320DB & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 196 #define AMD_MANUFACT_MVS        (AMD_MANUFACT  & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 197 #define FUJ_MANUFACT_MVS        (FUJ_MANUFACT  & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 198 #define STM_MANUFACT_MVS        (STM_MANUFACT  & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 199
 200 #if (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH >= 16)
 201         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR1        0x0555
 202         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR2        0x02AA
 203         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR3        AUTOSELECT_ADDR1
 204 #else
 205         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR1        0x0AAA
 206         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR2        0x0555
 207         #define AUTOSELECT_ADDR3        AUTOSELECT_ADDR1
 208 #endif
 209
 210 #define AUTOSELECT_DATA1        (0x00AA00AA & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 211 #define AUTOSELECT_DATA2        (0x00550055 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 212 #define AUTOSELECT_DATA3        (0x00900090 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 213
 214 #define RESET_BANK_DATA         (0x00F000F0 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 215
 216
 217 static ulong flash_get_size (vu_long *address, flash_info_t *info)
 218 {
 219         short i;
 220         FDT value;
 221         FDT *addr = (FDT *)address;
 222
 223         ulong base = (ulong)address;
 224         addr[AUTOSELECT_ADDR1] = AUTOSELECT_DATA1;
 225         addr[AUTOSELECT_ADDR2] = AUTOSELECT_DATA2;
 226         addr[AUTOSELECT_ADDR3] = AUTOSELECT_DATA3;
 227         __asm__ __volatile__("sync");
 228
 229         udelay(180);
 230
 231         value = addr[0];                        /* manufacturer ID      */
 232         switch (value) {
 233         case AMD_MANUFACT_MVS:
 234                 info->flash_id = FLASH_MAN_AMD;
 235                 break;
 236         case FUJ_MANUFACT_MVS:
 237                 info->flash_id = FLASH_MAN_FUJ;
 238                 break;
 239         case STM_MANUFACT_MVS:
 240                 info->flash_id = FLASH_MAN_STM;
 241                 break;
 242         default:
 243                 info->flash_id = FLASH_UNKNOWN;
 244                 info->sector_count = 0;
 245                 info->size = 0;
 246                 return (0);                     /* no or unknown flash  */
 247         }
 248 #if (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH >= 16)
 249         value = addr[1];                        /* device ID            */
 250 #else
 251         value = addr[2];                        /* device ID            */
 252 #endif
 253
 254         switch (value) {
 255         case AMD_ID_LV160T_MVS:
 256                 info->flash_id += FLASH_AM160T;
 257                 info->sector_count = 37;
 258                 info->size = (0x00200000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 259                 break;                          /* => 2 or 4 MB         */
 260
 261         case AMD_ID_LV160B_MVS:
 262                 info->flash_id += FLASH_AM160B;
 263                 info->sector_count = 37;
 264                 info->size = (0x00200000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 265                 break;                          /* => 2 or 4 MB         */
 266
 267         case AMD_ID_LV320T_MVS:
 268                 info->flash_id += FLASH_AM320T;
 269                 info->sector_count = 71;
 270                 info->size = (0x00400000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 271                 break;                          /* => 4 or 8 MB         */
 272
 273         case AMD_ID_LV320B_MVS:
 274                 info->flash_id += FLASH_AM320B;
 275                 info->sector_count = 71;
 276                 info->size = (0x00400000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 277                 break;                          /* => 4 or 8MB          */
 278
 279         case STM_ID_W320DT_MVS:
 280                 info->flash_id += FLASH_STMW320DT;
 281                 info->sector_count = 67;
 282                 info->size = (0x00400000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 283                 break;                          /* => 4 or 8 MB         */
 284
 285         case STM_ID_W320DB_MVS:
 286                 info->flash_id += FLASH_STMW320DB;
 287                 info->sector_count = 67;
 288                 info->size = (0x00400000 << FLASH_SHIFT);
 289                 break;                          /* => 4 or 8MB          */
 290
 291         default:
 292                 info->flash_id = FLASH_UNKNOWN;
 293                 return (0);                     /* => no or unknown flash */
 294
 295         }
 296
 297         /* set up sector start address table */
 298         flash_get_offsets (base, info);
 299
 300         /* check for protected sectors */
 301         for (i = 0; i < info->sector_count; i++) {
 302                 /* read sector protection at sector address, (A7 .. A0) = 0x02 */
 303                 /* D0 = 1 if protected */
 304                 addr = (FDT *)(info->start[i]);
 305                 info->protect[i] = addr[2] & 1;
 306         }
 307
 308         /*
 309          * Prevent writes to uninitialized FLASH.
 310          */
 311         if (info->flash_id != FLASH_UNKNOWN) {
 312                 addr = (FDT *)info->start[0];
 313                 *addr = RESET_BANK_DATA;        /* reset bank */
 314         }
 315         return (info->size);
 316 }
 317
 318
 319 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 320  */
 321
 322 #if (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH >= 16)
 323         #define ERASE_ADDR1 0x0555
 324         #define ERASE_ADDR2 0x02AA
 325 #else
 326         #define ERASE_ADDR1 0x0AAA
 327         #define ERASE_ADDR2 0x0555
 328 #endif
 329
 330 #define ERASE_ADDR3 ERASE_ADDR1
 331 #define ERASE_ADDR4 ERASE_ADDR1
 332 #define ERASE_ADDR5 ERASE_ADDR2
 333
 334 #define ERASE_DATA1 (0x00AA00AA & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 335 #define ERASE_DATA2 (0x00550055 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 336 #define ERASE_DATA3 (0x00800080 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 337 #define ERASE_DATA4 ERASE_DATA1
 338 #define ERASE_DATA5 ERASE_DATA2
 339
 340 #define ERASE_SECTOR_DATA       (0x00300030 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 341 #define ERASE_CHIP_DATA         (0x00100010 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 342 #define ERASE_CONFIRM_DATA      (0x00800080 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 343
 344 int     flash_erase (flash_info_t *info, int s_first, int s_last)
 345 {
 346         FDT *addr = (FDT *)(info->start[0]);
 347
 348         int prot, sect, l_sect, flag;
 349         ulong start, now, last;
 350
 351         __asm__ __volatile__ ("sync");
 352         addr[0] = 0xf0;
 353         udelay(1000);
 354
 355         printf("\nflash_erase: first = %d @ 0x%08lx\n", s_first, info->start[s_first] );
 356         printf("             last  = %d @ 0x%08lx\n", s_last , info->start[s_last ] );
 357
 358         if ((s_first < 0) || (s_first > s_last)) {
 359                 if (info->flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) {
 360                         printf ("- missing\n");
 361                 } else {
 362                         printf ("- no sectors to erase\n");
 363                 }
 364                 return 1;
 365         }
 366
 367         if ((info->flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) || (info->flash_id > FLASH_AMD_COMP)) {
 368                 printf ("Can't erase unknown flash type %08lx - aborted\n", info->flash_id);
 369                 return 1;
 370         }
 371
 372         prot = 0;
 373         for (sect=s_first; sect<=s_last; ++sect) {
 374                 if (info->protect[sect]) {
 375                         prot++;
 376                 }
 377         }
 378
 379         if (prot) {
 380                 printf ("- Warning: %d protected sectors will not be erased!\n",
 381                         prot);
 382         } else {
 383                 printf ("\n");
 384         }
 385
 386         l_sect = -1;
 387
 388         /* Disable interrupts which might cause a timeout here */
 389         flag = disable_interrupts();
 390
 391         addr[ERASE_ADDR1] = ERASE_DATA1;
 392         addr[ERASE_ADDR2] = ERASE_DATA2;
 393         addr[ERASE_ADDR3] = ERASE_DATA3;
 394         addr[ERASE_ADDR4] = ERASE_DATA4;
 395         addr[ERASE_ADDR5] = ERASE_DATA5;
 396
 397         for (sect = s_first; sect <= s_last; sect++) {
 398                 if (info->protect[sect] == 0) {
 399                         addr = (FDT *)(info->start[sect]);
 400                         addr[0] = ERASE_SECTOR_DATA;
 401                         l_sect = sect;
 402                 }
 403         }
 404
 405         if (flag)
 406                 enable_interrupts();
 407
 408         /*
 409          * We wait for the last triggered sector
 410          */
 411         if (l_sect < 0)
 412                 goto DONE;
 413
 414         start = get_timer (0);
 415         last  = start;
 416         addr = (FDT *)(info->start[l_sect]);
 417
 418         while ((addr[0] & ERASE_CONFIRM_DATA) != ERASE_CONFIRM_DATA) {
 419                 if ((now = get_timer(start)) > CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT) {
 420                         printf ("Timeout\n");
 421                         return 1;
 422                 }
 423                 /* show that we're waiting */
 424                 if ((now - last) > 1000) {      /* every second */
 425                         putc ('.');
 426                         last = now;
 427                 }
 428         }
 429
 430 DONE:
 431         printf (" done\n");
 432         return 0;
 433 }
 434
 435 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 436  * Copy memory to flash, returns:
 437  * 0 - OK
 438  * 1 - write timeout
 439  * 2 - Flash not erased
 440  */
 441
 442 int write_buff (flash_info_t *info, uchar *src, ulong addr, ulong cnt)
 443 {
 444 #define BUFF_INC 4
 445         ulong cp, wp, data;
 446         int i, l, rc;
 447
 448         mvdebug (("+write_buff %p ==> 0x%08lx, count = 0x%08lx\n", src, addr, cnt));
 449
 450         wp = (addr & ~3);       /* get lower word aligned address */
 451         /*
 452          * handle unaligned start bytes
 453          */
 454         if ((l = addr - wp) != 0) {
 455                 mvdebug ((" handle unaligned start bytes (cnt = 0x%08lx)\n", cnt));
 456                 data = 0;
 457                 for (i=0, cp=wp; i<l; ++i, ++cp) {
 458                         data = (data << 8) | (*(uchar *)cp);
 459                 }
 460                 for (; i<BUFF_INC && cnt>0; ++i) {
 461                         data = (data << 8) | *src++;
 462                         --cnt;
 463                         ++cp;
 464                 }
 465                 for (; cnt==0 && i<BUFF_INC; ++i, ++cp) {
 466                         data = (data << 8) | (*(uchar *)cp);
 467                 }
 468
 469                 if ((rc = write_word(info, wp, data)) != 0) {
 470                         return (rc);
 471                 }
 472                 wp += BUFF_INC;
 473         }
 474
 475         /*
 476          * handle (half)word aligned part
 477          */
 478         mvdebug ((" handle word aligned part (cnt = 0x%08lx)\n", cnt));
 479         while (cnt >= BUFF_INC) {
 480                 data = 0;
 481                 for (i=0; i<BUFF_INC; ++i) {
 482                         data = (data << 8) | *src++;
 483                 }
 484                 if ((rc = write_word(info, wp, data)) != 0) {
 485                         return (rc);
 486                 }
 487                 wp  += BUFF_INC;
 488                 cnt -= BUFF_INC;
 489         }
 490
 491         if (cnt == 0) {
 492                 return (0);
 493         }
 494
 495         /*
 496          * handle unaligned tail bytes
 497          */
 498         mvdebug ((" handle unaligned tail bytes (cnt = 0x%08lx)\n", cnt));
 499         data = 0;
 500         for (i=0, cp=wp; i<BUFF_INC && cnt>0; ++i, ++cp) {
 501                 data = (data << 8) | *src++;
 502                 --cnt;
 503         }
 504         for (; i<BUFF_INC; ++i, ++cp) {
 505                 data = (data << 8) | (*(uchar *)cp);
 506         }
 507
 508         return (write_word(info, wp, data));
 509 }
 510
 511 #if (FLASH_BUS_WIDTH >= 16)
 512         #define WRITE_ADDR1 0x0555
 513         #define WRITE_ADDR2 0x02AA
 514 #else
 515         #define WRITE_ADDR1 0x0AAA
 516         #define WRITE_ADDR2 0x0555
 517         #define WRITE_ADDR3 WRITE_ADDR1
 518 #endif
 519
 520 #define WRITE_DATA1 (0x00AA00AA & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 521 #define WRITE_DATA2 (0x00550055 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 522 #define WRITE_DATA3 (0x00A000A0 & FLASH_DATA_MASK)
 523
 524 #define WRITE_CONFIRM_DATA ERASE_CONFIRM_DATA
 525
 526 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 527  * Write a byte to Flash, returns:
 528  * 0 - OK
 529  * 1 - write timeout
 530  * 2 - Flash not erased
 531  */
 532 static int write_char (flash_info_t *info, ulong dest, uchar data)
 533 {
 534         vu_char *addr = (vu_char *)(info->start[0]);
 535         ulong start;
 536         int flag;
 537
 538         /* Check if Flash is (sufficiently) erased */
 539         if ((*((vu_char *)dest) & data) != data) {
 540                 printf(" *** ERROR: Flash not erased !\n");
 541                 return (2);
 542         }
 543         flag = disable_interrupts();
 544
 545         addr[WRITE_ADDR1] = WRITE_DATA1;
 546         addr[WRITE_ADDR2] = WRITE_DATA2;
 547         addr[WRITE_ADDR3] = WRITE_DATA3;
 548         *((vu_char *)dest) = data;
 549
 550         if (flag)
 551                 enable_interrupts();
 552
 553         /* data polling for D7 */
 554         start = get_timer (0);
 555         addr = (vu_char *)dest;
 556         while (( (*addr) & WRITE_CONFIRM_DATA) != (data & WRITE_CONFIRM_DATA)) {
 557                 if (get_timer(start) > CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT) {
 558                         printf(" *** ERROR: Flash write timeout !");
 559                         return (1);
 560                 }
 561         }
 562         mvdebug (("-write_byte\n"));
 563         return (0);
 564 }
 565
 566 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 567  * Write a word to Flash, returns:
 568  * 0 - OK
 569  * 1 - write timeout
 570  * 2 - Flash not erased
 571  */
 572 static int write_word (flash_info_t *info, ulong dest, ulong data)
 573 {
 574         int i,
 575                 result = 0;
 576
 577         mvdebug (("+write_word : 0x%08lx @ 0x%08lx\n", data, dest));
 578         for ( i=0; (i < 4) && (result == 0); i++, dest+=1 )
 579                 result = write_char (info, dest, (data >> (8*(3-i))) & 0xff );
 580         mvdebug (("-write_word\n"));
 581         return result;
 582 }
 583 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- */