1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * MQ Deadline i/o scheduler - adaptation of the legacy deadline scheduler,
4 * for the blk-mq scheduling framework
6 * Copyright (C) 2016 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
8 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
11 #include <linux/blk-mq.h>
12 #include <linux/elevator.h>
13 #include <linux/bio.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/compiler.h>
18 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
19 #include <linux/sbitmap.h>
21 #include <trace/events/block.h>
25 #include "blk-mq-debugfs.h"
26 #include "blk-mq-tag.h"
27 #include "blk-mq-sched.h"
30 * See Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.rst
32 static const int read_expire = HZ / 2; /* max time before a read is submitted. */
33 static const int write_expire = 5 * HZ; /* ditto for writes, these limits are SOFT! */
34 static const int writes_starved = 2; /* max times reads can starve a write */
35 static const int fifo_batch = 16; /* # of sequential requests treated as one
36 by the above parameters. For throughput. */
38 struct deadline_data {
44 * requests (deadline_rq s) are present on both sort_list and fifo_list
46 struct rb_root sort_list[2];
47 struct list_head fifo_list[2];
50 * next in sort order. read, write or both are NULL
52 struct request *next_rq[2];
53 unsigned int batching; /* number of sequential requests made */
54 unsigned int starved; /* times reads have starved writes */
57 * settings that change how the i/o scheduler behaves
66 struct list_head dispatch;
69 static inline struct rb_root *
70 deadline_rb_root(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
72 return &dd->sort_list[rq_data_dir(rq)];
76 * get the request after `rq' in sector-sorted order
78 static inline struct request *
79 deadline_latter_request(struct request *rq)
81 struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&rq->rb_node);
84 return rb_entry_rq(node);
90 deadline_add_rq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
92 struct rb_root *root = deadline_rb_root(dd, rq);
98 deadline_del_rq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
100 const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
102 if (dd->next_rq[data_dir] == rq)
103 dd->next_rq[data_dir] = deadline_latter_request(rq);
105 elv_rb_del(deadline_rb_root(dd, rq), rq);
109 * remove rq from rbtree and fifo.
111 static void deadline_remove_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
113 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
115 list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
118 * We might not be on the rbtree, if we are doing an insert merge
120 if (!RB_EMPTY_NODE(&rq->rb_node))
121 deadline_del_rq_rb(dd, rq);
123 elv_rqhash_del(q, rq);
124 if (q->last_merge == rq)
125 q->last_merge = NULL;
128 static void dd_request_merged(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
131 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
134 * if the merge was a front merge, we need to reposition request
136 if (type == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
137 elv_rb_del(deadline_rb_root(dd, req), req);
138 deadline_add_rq_rb(dd, req);
142 static void dd_merged_requests(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
143 struct request *next)
146 * if next expires before rq, assign its expire time to rq
147 * and move into next position (next will be deleted) in fifo
149 if (!list_empty(&req->queuelist) && !list_empty(&next->queuelist)) {
150 if (time_before((unsigned long)next->fifo_time,
151 (unsigned long)req->fifo_time)) {
152 list_move(&req->queuelist, &next->queuelist);
153 req->fifo_time = next->fifo_time;
158 * kill knowledge of next, this one is a goner
160 deadline_remove_request(q, next);
164 * move an entry to dispatch queue
167 deadline_move_request(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
169 const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
171 dd->next_rq[READ] = NULL;
172 dd->next_rq[WRITE] = NULL;
173 dd->next_rq[data_dir] = deadline_latter_request(rq);
176 * take it off the sort and fifo list
178 deadline_remove_request(rq->q, rq);
182 * deadline_check_fifo returns 0 if there are no expired requests on the fifo,
183 * 1 otherwise. Requires !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[data_dir])
185 static inline int deadline_check_fifo(struct deadline_data *dd, int ddir)
187 struct request *rq = rq_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[ddir].next);
192 if (time_after_eq(jiffies, (unsigned long)rq->fifo_time))
199 * For the specified data direction, return the next request to
200 * dispatch using arrival ordered lists.
202 static struct request *
203 deadline_fifo_request(struct deadline_data *dd, int data_dir)
208 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(data_dir != READ && data_dir != WRITE))
211 if (list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[data_dir]))
214 rq = rq_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[data_dir].next);
215 if (data_dir == READ || !blk_queue_is_zoned(rq->q))
219 * Look for a write request that can be dispatched, that is one with
220 * an unlocked target zone.
222 spin_lock_irqsave(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
223 list_for_each_entry(rq, &dd->fifo_list[WRITE], queuelist) {
224 if (blk_req_can_dispatch_to_zone(rq))
229 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
235 * For the specified data direction, return the next request to
236 * dispatch using sector position sorted lists.
238 static struct request *
239 deadline_next_request(struct deadline_data *dd, int data_dir)
244 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(data_dir != READ && data_dir != WRITE))
247 rq = dd->next_rq[data_dir];
251 if (data_dir == READ || !blk_queue_is_zoned(rq->q))
255 * Look for a write request that can be dispatched, that is one with
256 * an unlocked target zone.
258 spin_lock_irqsave(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
260 if (blk_req_can_dispatch_to_zone(rq))
262 rq = deadline_latter_request(rq);
264 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
270 * deadline_dispatch_requests selects the best request according to
271 * read/write expire, fifo_batch, etc
273 static struct request *__dd_dispatch_request(struct deadline_data *dd)
275 struct request *rq, *next_rq;
279 if (!list_empty(&dd->dispatch)) {
280 rq = list_first_entry(&dd->dispatch, struct request, queuelist);
281 list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
285 reads = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
286 writes = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
289 * batches are currently reads XOR writes
291 rq = deadline_next_request(dd, WRITE);
293 rq = deadline_next_request(dd, READ);
295 if (rq && dd->batching < dd->fifo_batch)
296 /* we have a next request are still entitled to batch */
297 goto dispatch_request;
300 * at this point we are not running a batch. select the appropriate
301 * data direction (read / write)
305 BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[READ]));
307 if (deadline_fifo_request(dd, WRITE) &&
308 (dd->starved++ >= dd->writes_starved))
309 goto dispatch_writes;
313 goto dispatch_find_request;
317 * there are either no reads or writes have been starved
322 BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[WRITE]));
328 goto dispatch_find_request;
333 dispatch_find_request:
335 * we are not running a batch, find best request for selected data_dir
337 next_rq = deadline_next_request(dd, data_dir);
338 if (deadline_check_fifo(dd, data_dir) || !next_rq) {
340 * A deadline has expired, the last request was in the other
341 * direction, or we have run out of higher-sectored requests.
342 * Start again from the request with the earliest expiry time.
344 rq = deadline_fifo_request(dd, data_dir);
347 * The last req was the same dir and we have a next request in
348 * sort order. No expired requests so continue on from here.
354 * For a zoned block device, if we only have writes queued and none of
355 * them can be dispatched, rq will be NULL.
364 * rq is the selected appropriate request.
367 deadline_move_request(dd, rq);
370 * If the request needs its target zone locked, do it.
372 blk_req_zone_write_lock(rq);
373 rq->rq_flags |= RQF_STARTED;
378 * One confusing aspect here is that we get called for a specific
379 * hardware queue, but we may return a request that is for a
380 * different hardware queue. This is because mq-deadline has shared
381 * state for all hardware queues, in terms of sorting, FIFOs, etc.
383 static struct request *dd_dispatch_request(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx)
385 struct deadline_data *dd = hctx->queue->elevator->elevator_data;
388 spin_lock(&dd->lock);
389 rq = __dd_dispatch_request(dd);
390 spin_unlock(&dd->lock);
395 static void dd_exit_queue(struct elevator_queue *e)
397 struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data;
399 BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]));
400 BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]));
406 * initialize elevator private data (deadline_data).
408 static int dd_init_queue(struct request_queue *q, struct elevator_type *e)
410 struct deadline_data *dd;
411 struct elevator_queue *eq;
413 eq = elevator_alloc(q, e);
417 dd = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*dd), GFP_KERNEL, q->node);
419 kobject_put(&eq->kobj);
422 eq->elevator_data = dd;
424 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
425 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
426 dd->sort_list[READ] = RB_ROOT;
427 dd->sort_list[WRITE] = RB_ROOT;
428 dd->fifo_expire[READ] = read_expire;
429 dd->fifo_expire[WRITE] = write_expire;
430 dd->writes_starved = writes_starved;
431 dd->front_merges = 1;
432 dd->fifo_batch = fifo_batch;
433 spin_lock_init(&dd->lock);
434 spin_lock_init(&dd->zone_lock);
435 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->dispatch);
441 static int dd_request_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request **rq,
444 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
445 sector_t sector = bio_end_sector(bio);
446 struct request *__rq;
448 if (!dd->front_merges)
449 return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
451 __rq = elv_rb_find(&dd->sort_list[bio_data_dir(bio)], sector);
453 BUG_ON(sector != blk_rq_pos(__rq));
455 if (elv_bio_merge_ok(__rq, bio)) {
457 return ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE;
461 return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
464 static bool dd_bio_merge(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx, struct bio *bio,
465 unsigned int nr_segs)
467 struct request_queue *q = hctx->queue;
468 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
469 struct request *free = NULL;
472 spin_lock(&dd->lock);
473 ret = blk_mq_sched_try_merge(q, bio, nr_segs, &free);
474 spin_unlock(&dd->lock);
477 blk_mq_free_request(free);
483 * add rq to rbtree and fifo
485 static void dd_insert_request(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx, struct request *rq,
488 struct request_queue *q = hctx->queue;
489 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
490 const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
493 * This may be a requeue of a write request that has locked its
494 * target zone. If it is the case, this releases the zone lock.
496 blk_req_zone_write_unlock(rq);
498 if (blk_mq_sched_try_insert_merge(q, rq))
501 trace_block_rq_insert(rq);
503 if (at_head || blk_rq_is_passthrough(rq)) {
505 list_add(&rq->queuelist, &dd->dispatch);
507 list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &dd->dispatch);
509 deadline_add_rq_rb(dd, rq);
511 if (rq_mergeable(rq)) {
512 elv_rqhash_add(q, rq);
518 * set expire time and add to fifo list
520 rq->fifo_time = jiffies + dd->fifo_expire[data_dir];
521 list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &dd->fifo_list[data_dir]);
525 static void dd_insert_requests(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
526 struct list_head *list, bool at_head)
528 struct request_queue *q = hctx->queue;
529 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
531 spin_lock(&dd->lock);
532 while (!list_empty(list)) {
535 rq = list_first_entry(list, struct request, queuelist);
536 list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
537 dd_insert_request(hctx, rq, at_head);
539 spin_unlock(&dd->lock);
543 * Nothing to do here. This is defined only to ensure that .finish_request
544 * method is called upon request completion.
546 static void dd_prepare_request(struct request *rq)
551 * For zoned block devices, write unlock the target zone of
552 * completed write requests. Do this while holding the zone lock
553 * spinlock so that the zone is never unlocked while deadline_fifo_request()
554 * or deadline_next_request() are executing. This function is called for
555 * all requests, whether or not these requests complete successfully.
557 * For a zoned block device, __dd_dispatch_request() may have stopped
558 * dispatching requests if all the queued requests are write requests directed
559 * at zones that are already locked due to on-going write requests. To ensure
560 * write request dispatch progress in this case, mark the queue as needing a
561 * restart to ensure that the queue is run again after completion of the
562 * request and zones being unlocked.
564 static void dd_finish_request(struct request *rq)
566 struct request_queue *q = rq->q;
568 if (blk_queue_is_zoned(q)) {
569 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
572 spin_lock_irqsave(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
573 blk_req_zone_write_unlock(rq);
574 if (!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]))
575 blk_mq_sched_mark_restart_hctx(rq->mq_hctx);
576 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dd->zone_lock, flags);
580 static bool dd_has_work(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx)
582 struct deadline_data *dd = hctx->queue->elevator->elevator_data;
584 return !list_empty_careful(&dd->dispatch) ||
585 !list_empty_careful(&dd->fifo_list[0]) ||
586 !list_empty_careful(&dd->fifo_list[1]);
593 deadline_var_show(int var, char *page)
595 return sprintf(page, "%d\n", var);
599 deadline_var_store(int *var, const char *page)
601 char *p = (char *) page;
603 *var = simple_strtol(p, &p, 10);
606 #define SHOW_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __VAR, __CONV) \
607 static ssize_t __FUNC(struct elevator_queue *e, char *page) \
609 struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
610 int __data = __VAR; \
612 __data = jiffies_to_msecs(__data); \
613 return deadline_var_show(__data, (page)); \
615 SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[READ], 1);
616 SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 1);
617 SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_show, dd->writes_starved, 0);
618 SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_show, dd->front_merges, 0);
619 SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_show, dd->fifo_batch, 0);
622 #define STORE_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __PTR, MIN, MAX, __CONV) \
623 static ssize_t __FUNC(struct elevator_queue *e, const char *page, size_t count) \
625 struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
627 deadline_var_store(&__data, (page)); \
628 if (__data < (MIN)) \
630 else if (__data > (MAX)) \
633 *(__PTR) = msecs_to_jiffies(__data); \
638 STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[READ], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
639 STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
640 STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_store, &dd->writes_starved, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0);
641 STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_store, &dd->front_merges, 0, 1, 0);
642 STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_store, &dd->fifo_batch, 0, INT_MAX, 0);
643 #undef STORE_FUNCTION
645 #define DD_ATTR(name) \
646 __ATTR(name, 0644, deadline_##name##_show, deadline_##name##_store)
648 static struct elv_fs_entry deadline_attrs[] = {
649 DD_ATTR(read_expire),
650 DD_ATTR(write_expire),
651 DD_ATTR(writes_starved),
652 DD_ATTR(front_merges),
657 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEBUG_FS
658 #define DEADLINE_DEBUGFS_DDIR_ATTRS(ddir, name) \
659 static void *deadline_##name##_fifo_start(struct seq_file *m, \
661 __acquires(&dd->lock) \
663 struct request_queue *q = m->private; \
664 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data; \
666 spin_lock(&dd->lock); \
667 return seq_list_start(&dd->fifo_list[ddir], *pos); \
670 static void *deadline_##name##_fifo_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, \
673 struct request_queue *q = m->private; \
674 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data; \
676 return seq_list_next(v, &dd->fifo_list[ddir], pos); \
679 static void deadline_##name##_fifo_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) \
680 __releases(&dd->lock) \
682 struct request_queue *q = m->private; \
683 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data; \
685 spin_unlock(&dd->lock); \
688 static const struct seq_operations deadline_##name##_fifo_seq_ops = { \
689 .start = deadline_##name##_fifo_start, \
690 .next = deadline_##name##_fifo_next, \
691 .stop = deadline_##name##_fifo_stop, \
692 .show = blk_mq_debugfs_rq_show, \
695 static int deadline_##name##_next_rq_show(void *data, \
696 struct seq_file *m) \
698 struct request_queue *q = data; \
699 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data; \
700 struct request *rq = dd->next_rq[ddir]; \
703 __blk_mq_debugfs_rq_show(m, rq); \
706 DEADLINE_DEBUGFS_DDIR_ATTRS(READ, read)
707 DEADLINE_DEBUGFS_DDIR_ATTRS(WRITE, write)
708 #undef DEADLINE_DEBUGFS_DDIR_ATTRS
710 static int deadline_batching_show(void *data, struct seq_file *m)
712 struct request_queue *q = data;
713 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
715 seq_printf(m, "%u\n", dd->batching);
719 static int deadline_starved_show(void *data, struct seq_file *m)
721 struct request_queue *q = data;
722 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
724 seq_printf(m, "%u\n", dd->starved);
728 static void *deadline_dispatch_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
729 __acquires(&dd->lock)
731 struct request_queue *q = m->private;
732 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
734 spin_lock(&dd->lock);
735 return seq_list_start(&dd->dispatch, *pos);
738 static void *deadline_dispatch_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
740 struct request_queue *q = m->private;
741 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
743 return seq_list_next(v, &dd->dispatch, pos);
746 static void deadline_dispatch_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
747 __releases(&dd->lock)
749 struct request_queue *q = m->private;
750 struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
752 spin_unlock(&dd->lock);
755 static const struct seq_operations deadline_dispatch_seq_ops = {
756 .start = deadline_dispatch_start,
757 .next = deadline_dispatch_next,
758 .stop = deadline_dispatch_stop,
759 .show = blk_mq_debugfs_rq_show,
762 #define DEADLINE_QUEUE_DDIR_ATTRS(name) \
763 {#name "_fifo_list", 0400, .seq_ops = &deadline_##name##_fifo_seq_ops}, \
764 {#name "_next_rq", 0400, deadline_##name##_next_rq_show}
765 static const struct blk_mq_debugfs_attr deadline_queue_debugfs_attrs[] = {
766 DEADLINE_QUEUE_DDIR_ATTRS(read),
767 DEADLINE_QUEUE_DDIR_ATTRS(write),
768 {"batching", 0400, deadline_batching_show},
769 {"starved", 0400, deadline_starved_show},
770 {"dispatch", 0400, .seq_ops = &deadline_dispatch_seq_ops},
773 #undef DEADLINE_QUEUE_DDIR_ATTRS
776 static struct elevator_type mq_deadline = {
778 .insert_requests = dd_insert_requests,
779 .dispatch_request = dd_dispatch_request,
780 .prepare_request = dd_prepare_request,
781 .finish_request = dd_finish_request,
782 .next_request = elv_rb_latter_request,
783 .former_request = elv_rb_former_request,
784 .bio_merge = dd_bio_merge,
785 .request_merge = dd_request_merge,
786 .requests_merged = dd_merged_requests,
787 .request_merged = dd_request_merged,
788 .has_work = dd_has_work,
789 .init_sched = dd_init_queue,
790 .exit_sched = dd_exit_queue,
793 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEBUG_FS
794 .queue_debugfs_attrs = deadline_queue_debugfs_attrs,
796 .elevator_attrs = deadline_attrs,
797 .elevator_name = "mq-deadline",
798 .elevator_alias = "deadline",
799 .elevator_features = ELEVATOR_F_ZBD_SEQ_WRITE,
800 .elevator_owner = THIS_MODULE,
802 MODULE_ALIAS("mq-deadline-iosched");
804 static int __init deadline_init(void)
806 return elv_register(&mq_deadline);
809 static void __exit deadline_exit(void)
811 elv_unregister(&mq_deadline);
814 module_init(deadline_init);
815 module_exit(deadline_exit);
817 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jens Axboe");
818 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
819 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MQ deadline IO scheduler");