5 #include <linux/module.h>
7 #include <linux/genhd.h>
8 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
13 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
14 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/kmod.h>
17 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
18 #include <linux/mutex.h>
19 #include <linux/idr.h>
20 #include <linux/log2.h>
24 static DEFINE_MUTEX(block_class_lock);
25 struct kobject *block_depr;
27 /* for extended dynamic devt allocation, currently only one major is used */
28 #define NR_EXT_DEVT (1 << MINORBITS)
30 /* For extended devt allocation. ext_devt_mutex prevents look up
31 * results from going away underneath its user.
33 static DEFINE_MUTEX(ext_devt_mutex);
34 static DEFINE_IDR(ext_devt_idr);
36 static struct device_type disk_type;
38 static void disk_check_events(struct disk_events *ev,
39 unsigned int *clearing_ptr);
40 static void disk_alloc_events(struct gendisk *disk);
41 static void disk_add_events(struct gendisk *disk);
42 static void disk_del_events(struct gendisk *disk);
43 static void disk_release_events(struct gendisk *disk);
46 * disk_get_part - get partition
47 * @disk: disk to look partition from
48 * @partno: partition number
50 * Look for partition @partno from @disk. If found, increment
51 * reference count and return it.
57 * Pointer to the found partition on success, NULL if not found.
59 struct hd_struct *disk_get_part(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
61 struct hd_struct *part = NULL;
62 struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
64 if (unlikely(partno < 0))
69 ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);
70 if (likely(partno < ptbl->len)) {
71 part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[partno]);
73 get_device(part_to_dev(part));
80 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_get_part);
83 * disk_part_iter_init - initialize partition iterator
84 * @piter: iterator to initialize
85 * @disk: disk to iterate over
86 * @flags: DISK_PITER_* flags
88 * Initialize @piter so that it iterates over partitions of @disk.
93 void disk_part_iter_init(struct disk_part_iter *piter, struct gendisk *disk,
96 struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
99 ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);
104 if (flags & DISK_PITER_REVERSE)
105 piter->idx = ptbl->len - 1;
106 else if (flags & (DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0 | DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0))
111 piter->flags = flags;
115 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_init);
118 * disk_part_iter_next - proceed iterator to the next partition and return it
119 * @piter: iterator of interest
121 * Proceed @piter to the next partition and return it.
126 struct hd_struct *disk_part_iter_next(struct disk_part_iter *piter)
128 struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
131 /* put the last partition */
132 disk_put_part(piter->part);
137 ptbl = rcu_dereference(piter->disk->part_tbl);
139 /* determine iteration parameters */
140 if (piter->flags & DISK_PITER_REVERSE) {
142 if (piter->flags & (DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0 |
143 DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0))
152 /* iterate to the next partition */
153 for (; piter->idx != end; piter->idx += inc) {
154 struct hd_struct *part;
156 part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[piter->idx]);
159 if (!part_nr_sects_read(part) &&
160 !(piter->flags & DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY) &&
161 !(piter->flags & DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0 &&
165 get_device(part_to_dev(part));
175 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_next);
178 * disk_part_iter_exit - finish up partition iteration
179 * @piter: iter of interest
181 * Called when iteration is over. Cleans up @piter.
186 void disk_part_iter_exit(struct disk_part_iter *piter)
188 disk_put_part(piter->part);
191 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_exit);
193 static inline int sector_in_part(struct hd_struct *part, sector_t sector)
195 return part->start_sect <= sector &&
196 sector < part->start_sect + part_nr_sects_read(part);
200 * disk_map_sector_rcu - map sector to partition
201 * @disk: gendisk of interest
202 * @sector: sector to map
204 * Find out which partition @sector maps to on @disk. This is
205 * primarily used for stats accounting.
208 * RCU read locked. The returned partition pointer is valid only
209 * while preemption is disabled.
212 * Found partition on success, part0 is returned if no partition matches
214 struct hd_struct *disk_map_sector_rcu(struct gendisk *disk, sector_t sector)
216 struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
217 struct hd_struct *part;
220 ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);
222 part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->last_lookup);
223 if (part && sector_in_part(part, sector))
226 for (i = 1; i < ptbl->len; i++) {
227 part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[i]);
229 if (part && sector_in_part(part, sector)) {
230 rcu_assign_pointer(ptbl->last_lookup, part);
236 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_map_sector_rcu);
239 * Can be deleted altogether. Later.
242 static struct blk_major_name {
243 struct blk_major_name *next;
246 } *major_names[BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
248 /* index in the above - for now: assume no multimajor ranges */
249 static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
251 return major % BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
254 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
255 void blkdev_show(struct seq_file *seqf, off_t offset)
257 struct blk_major_name *dp;
259 if (offset < BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
260 mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);
261 for (dp = major_names[offset]; dp; dp = dp->next)
262 seq_printf(seqf, "%3d %s\n", dp->major, dp->name);
263 mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
266 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
269 * register_blkdev - register a new block device
271 * @major: the requested major device number [1..255]. If @major=0, try to
272 * allocate any unused major number.
273 * @name: the name of the new block device as a zero terminated string
275 * The @name must be unique within the system.
277 * The return value depends on the @major input parameter.
278 * - if a major device number was requested in range [1..255] then the
279 * function returns zero on success, or a negative error code
280 * - if any unused major number was requested with @major=0 parameter
281 * then the return value is the allocated major number in range
282 * [1..255] or a negative error code otherwise
284 int register_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
286 struct blk_major_name **n, *p;
289 mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);
293 for (index = ARRAY_SIZE(major_names)-1; index > 0; index--) {
294 if (major_names[index] == NULL)
299 printk("register_blkdev: failed to get major for %s\n",
308 p = kmalloc(sizeof(struct blk_major_name), GFP_KERNEL);
315 strlcpy(p->name, name, sizeof(p->name));
317 index = major_to_index(major);
319 for (n = &major_names[index]; *n; n = &(*n)->next) {
320 if ((*n)->major == major)
329 printk("register_blkdev: cannot get major %d for %s\n",
334 mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
338 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_blkdev);
340 void unregister_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
342 struct blk_major_name **n;
343 struct blk_major_name *p = NULL;
344 int index = major_to_index(major);
346 mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);
347 for (n = &major_names[index]; *n; n = &(*n)->next)
348 if ((*n)->major == major)
350 if (!*n || strcmp((*n)->name, name)) {
356 mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
360 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_blkdev);
362 static struct kobj_map *bdev_map;
365 * blk_mangle_minor - scatter minor numbers apart
366 * @minor: minor number to mangle
368 * Scatter consecutively allocated @minor number apart if MANGLE_DEVT
369 * is enabled. Mangling twice gives the original value.
377 static int blk_mangle_minor(int minor)
379 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT
382 for (i = 0; i < MINORBITS / 2; i++) {
383 int low = minor & (1 << i);
384 int high = minor & (1 << (MINORBITS - 1 - i));
385 int distance = MINORBITS - 1 - 2 * i;
387 minor ^= low | high; /* clear both bits */
388 low <<= distance; /* swap the positions */
390 minor |= low | high; /* and set */
397 * blk_alloc_devt - allocate a dev_t for a partition
398 * @part: partition to allocate dev_t for
399 * @devt: out parameter for resulting dev_t
401 * Allocate a dev_t for block device.
404 * 0 on success, allocated dev_t is returned in *@devt. -errno on
410 int blk_alloc_devt(struct hd_struct *part, dev_t *devt)
412 struct gendisk *disk = part_to_disk(part);
415 /* in consecutive minor range? */
416 if (part->partno < disk->minors) {
417 *devt = MKDEV(disk->major, disk->first_minor + part->partno);
421 /* allocate ext devt */
423 if (!idr_pre_get(&ext_devt_idr, GFP_KERNEL))
425 mutex_lock(&ext_devt_mutex);
426 rc = idr_get_new(&ext_devt_idr, part, &idx);
427 if (!rc && idx >= NR_EXT_DEVT) {
428 idr_remove(&ext_devt_idr, idx);
431 mutex_unlock(&ext_devt_mutex);
432 } while (rc == -EAGAIN);
437 *devt = MKDEV(BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR, blk_mangle_minor(idx));
442 * blk_free_devt - free a dev_t
443 * @devt: dev_t to free
445 * Free @devt which was allocated using blk_alloc_devt().
450 void blk_free_devt(dev_t devt)
454 if (devt == MKDEV(0, 0))
457 if (MAJOR(devt) == BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR) {
458 mutex_lock(&ext_devt_mutex);
459 idr_remove(&ext_devt_idr, blk_mangle_minor(MINOR(devt)));
460 mutex_unlock(&ext_devt_mutex);
464 static char *bdevt_str(dev_t devt, char *buf)
466 if (MAJOR(devt) <= 0xff && MINOR(devt) <= 0xff) {
467 char tbuf[BDEVT_SIZE];
468 snprintf(tbuf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%02x%02x", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt));
469 snprintf(buf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%-9s", tbuf);
471 snprintf(buf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%03x:%05x", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt));
477 * Register device numbers dev..(dev+range-1)
478 * range must be nonzero
479 * The hash chain is sorted on range, so that subranges can override.
481 void blk_register_region(dev_t devt, unsigned long range, struct module *module,
482 struct kobject *(*probe)(dev_t, int *, void *),
483 int (*lock)(dev_t, void *), void *data)
485 kobj_map(bdev_map, devt, range, module, probe, lock, data);
488 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_register_region);
490 void blk_unregister_region(dev_t devt, unsigned long range)
492 kobj_unmap(bdev_map, devt, range);
495 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_unregister_region);
497 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t devt, int *partno, void *data)
499 struct gendisk *p = data;
501 return &disk_to_dev(p)->kobj;
504 static int exact_lock(dev_t devt, void *data)
506 struct gendisk *p = data;
513 static void register_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
515 struct device *ddev = disk_to_dev(disk);
516 struct block_device *bdev;
517 struct disk_part_iter piter;
518 struct hd_struct *part;
521 ddev->parent = disk->driverfs_dev;
523 dev_set_name(ddev, disk->disk_name);
525 /* delay uevents, until we scanned partition table */
526 dev_set_uevent_suppress(ddev, 1);
528 if (device_add(ddev))
530 if (!sysfs_deprecated) {
531 err = sysfs_create_link(block_depr, &ddev->kobj,
532 kobject_name(&ddev->kobj));
538 disk->part0.holder_dir = kobject_create_and_add("holders", &ddev->kobj);
539 disk->slave_dir = kobject_create_and_add("slaves", &ddev->kobj);
541 /* No minors to use for partitions */
542 if (!disk_part_scan_enabled(disk))
545 /* No such device (e.g., media were just removed) */
546 if (!get_capacity(disk))
549 bdev = bdget_disk(disk, 0);
553 bdev->bd_invalidated = 1;
554 err = blkdev_get(bdev, FMODE_READ, NULL);
557 blkdev_put(bdev, FMODE_READ);
560 /* announce disk after possible partitions are created */
561 dev_set_uevent_suppress(ddev, 0);
562 kobject_uevent(&ddev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
564 /* announce possible partitions */
565 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, 0);
566 while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
567 kobject_uevent(&part_to_dev(part)->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
568 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
572 * add_disk - add partitioning information to kernel list
573 * @disk: per-device partitioning information
575 * This function registers the partitioning information in @disk
578 * FIXME: error handling
580 void add_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
582 struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
586 /* minors == 0 indicates to use ext devt from part0 and should
587 * be accompanied with EXT_DEVT flag. Make sure all
588 * parameters make sense.
590 WARN_ON(disk->minors && !(disk->major || disk->first_minor));
591 WARN_ON(!disk->minors && !(disk->flags & GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT));
593 disk->flags |= GENHD_FL_UP;
595 retval = blk_alloc_devt(&disk->part0, &devt);
600 disk_to_dev(disk)->devt = devt;
602 /* ->major and ->first_minor aren't supposed to be
603 * dereferenced from here on, but set them just in case.
605 disk->major = MAJOR(devt);
606 disk->first_minor = MINOR(devt);
608 disk_alloc_events(disk);
610 /* Register BDI before referencing it from bdev */
611 bdi = &disk->queue->backing_dev_info;
612 bdi_register_dev(bdi, disk_devt(disk));
614 blk_register_region(disk_devt(disk), disk->minors, NULL,
615 exact_match, exact_lock, disk);
617 blk_register_queue(disk);
620 * Take an extra ref on queue which will be put on disk_release()
621 * so that it sticks around as long as @disk is there.
623 WARN_ON_ONCE(!blk_get_queue(disk->queue));
625 retval = sysfs_create_link(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, &bdi->dev->kobj,
629 disk_add_events(disk);
631 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_disk);
633 void del_gendisk(struct gendisk *disk)
635 struct disk_part_iter piter;
636 struct hd_struct *part;
638 disk_del_events(disk);
640 /* invalidate stuff */
641 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk,
642 DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY | DISK_PITER_REVERSE);
643 while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
644 invalidate_partition(disk, part->partno);
645 delete_partition(disk, part->partno);
647 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
649 invalidate_partition(disk, 0);
650 set_capacity(disk, 0);
651 disk->flags &= ~GENHD_FL_UP;
653 sysfs_remove_link(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, "bdi");
654 bdi_unregister(&disk->queue->backing_dev_info);
655 blk_unregister_queue(disk);
656 blk_unregister_region(disk_devt(disk), disk->minors);
658 part_stat_set_all(&disk->part0, 0);
659 disk->part0.stamp = 0;
661 kobject_put(disk->part0.holder_dir);
662 kobject_put(disk->slave_dir);
663 disk->driverfs_dev = NULL;
664 if (!sysfs_deprecated)
665 sysfs_remove_link(block_depr, dev_name(disk_to_dev(disk)));
666 device_del(disk_to_dev(disk));
667 blk_free_devt(disk_to_dev(disk)->devt);
669 EXPORT_SYMBOL(del_gendisk);
672 * get_gendisk - get partitioning information for a given device
673 * @devt: device to get partitioning information for
674 * @partno: returned partition index
676 * This function gets the structure containing partitioning
677 * information for the given device @devt.
679 struct gendisk *get_gendisk(dev_t devt, int *partno)
681 struct gendisk *disk = NULL;
683 if (MAJOR(devt) != BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR) {
684 struct kobject *kobj;
686 kobj = kobj_lookup(bdev_map, devt, partno);
688 disk = dev_to_disk(kobj_to_dev(kobj));
690 struct hd_struct *part;
692 mutex_lock(&ext_devt_mutex);
693 part = idr_find(&ext_devt_idr, blk_mangle_minor(MINOR(devt)));
694 if (part && get_disk(part_to_disk(part))) {
695 *partno = part->partno;
696 disk = part_to_disk(part);
698 mutex_unlock(&ext_devt_mutex);
703 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_gendisk);
706 * bdget_disk - do bdget() by gendisk and partition number
707 * @disk: gendisk of interest
708 * @partno: partition number
710 * Find partition @partno from @disk, do bdget() on it.
716 * Resulting block_device on success, NULL on failure.
718 struct block_device *bdget_disk(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
720 struct hd_struct *part;
721 struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
723 part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
725 bdev = bdget(part_devt(part));
730 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdget_disk);
733 * print a full list of all partitions - intended for places where the root
734 * filesystem can't be mounted and thus to give the victim some idea of what
737 void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
739 struct class_dev_iter iter;
742 class_dev_iter_init(&iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
743 while ((dev = class_dev_iter_next(&iter))) {
744 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
745 struct disk_part_iter piter;
746 struct hd_struct *part;
747 char name_buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
748 char devt_buf[BDEVT_SIZE];
751 * Don't show empty devices or things that have been
754 if (get_capacity(disk) == 0 ||
755 (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO))
759 * Note, unlike /proc/partitions, I am showing the
760 * numbers in hex - the same format as the root=
763 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0);
764 while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
765 bool is_part0 = part == &disk->part0;
767 printk("%s%s %10llu %s %s", is_part0 ? "" : " ",
768 bdevt_str(part_devt(part), devt_buf),
769 (unsigned long long)part_nr_sects_read(part) >> 1
770 , disk_name(disk, part->partno, name_buf),
771 part->info ? part->info->uuid : "");
773 if (disk->driverfs_dev != NULL &&
774 disk->driverfs_dev->driver != NULL)
775 printk(" driver: %s\n",
776 disk->driverfs_dev->driver->name);
778 printk(" (driver?)\n");
782 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
784 class_dev_iter_exit(&iter);
787 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
789 static void *disk_seqf_start(struct seq_file *seqf, loff_t *pos)
792 struct class_dev_iter *iter;
795 iter = kmalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL);
797 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
799 seqf->private = iter;
800 class_dev_iter_init(iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
802 dev = class_dev_iter_next(iter);
807 return dev_to_disk(dev);
810 static void *disk_seqf_next(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v, loff_t *pos)
815 dev = class_dev_iter_next(seqf->private);
817 return dev_to_disk(dev);
822 static void disk_seqf_stop(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
824 struct class_dev_iter *iter = seqf->private;
826 /* stop is called even after start failed :-( */
828 class_dev_iter_exit(iter);
833 static void *show_partition_start(struct seq_file *seqf, loff_t *pos)
837 p = disk_seqf_start(seqf, pos);
838 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(p) && !*pos)
839 seq_puts(seqf, "major minor #blocks name\n\n");
843 static int show_partition(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
845 struct gendisk *sgp = v;
846 struct disk_part_iter piter;
847 struct hd_struct *part;
848 char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
850 /* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
851 if (!get_capacity(sgp) || (!disk_max_parts(sgp) &&
852 (sgp->flags & GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE)))
854 if (sgp->flags & GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO)
857 /* show the full disk and all non-0 size partitions of it */
858 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, sgp, DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0);
859 while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
860 seq_printf(seqf, "%4d %7d %10llu %s\n",
861 MAJOR(part_devt(part)), MINOR(part_devt(part)),
862 (unsigned long long)part_nr_sects_read(part) >> 1,
863 disk_name(sgp, part->partno, buf));
864 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
869 static const struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
870 .start = show_partition_start,
871 .next = disk_seqf_next,
872 .stop = disk_seqf_stop,
873 .show = show_partition
876 static int partitions_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
878 return seq_open(file, &partitions_op);
881 static const struct file_operations proc_partitions_operations = {
882 .open = partitions_open,
885 .release = seq_release,
890 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t devt, int *partno, void *data)
892 if (request_module("block-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt)) > 0)
893 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
894 request_module("block-major-%d", MAJOR(devt));
898 static int __init genhd_device_init(void)
902 block_class.dev_kobj = sysfs_dev_block_kobj;
903 error = class_register(&block_class);
906 bdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &block_class_lock);
909 register_blkdev(BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR, "blkext");
911 /* create top-level block dir */
912 if (!sysfs_deprecated)
913 block_depr = kobject_create_and_add("block", NULL);
917 subsys_initcall(genhd_device_init);
919 static ssize_t disk_range_show(struct device *dev,
920 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
922 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
924 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", disk->minors);
927 static ssize_t disk_ext_range_show(struct device *dev,
928 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
930 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
932 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", disk_max_parts(disk));
935 static ssize_t disk_removable_show(struct device *dev,
936 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
938 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
940 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n",
941 (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE ? 1 : 0));
944 static ssize_t disk_ro_show(struct device *dev,
945 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
947 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
949 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", get_disk_ro(disk) ? 1 : 0);
952 static ssize_t disk_capability_show(struct device *dev,
953 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
955 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
957 return sprintf(buf, "%x\n", disk->flags);
960 static ssize_t disk_alignment_offset_show(struct device *dev,
961 struct device_attribute *attr,
964 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
966 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", queue_alignment_offset(disk->queue));
969 static ssize_t disk_discard_alignment_show(struct device *dev,
970 struct device_attribute *attr,
973 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
975 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", queue_discard_alignment(disk->queue));
978 static DEVICE_ATTR(range, S_IRUGO, disk_range_show, NULL);
979 static DEVICE_ATTR(ext_range, S_IRUGO, disk_ext_range_show, NULL);
980 static DEVICE_ATTR(removable, S_IRUGO, disk_removable_show, NULL);
981 static DEVICE_ATTR(ro, S_IRUGO, disk_ro_show, NULL);
982 static DEVICE_ATTR(size, S_IRUGO, part_size_show, NULL);
983 static DEVICE_ATTR(alignment_offset, S_IRUGO, disk_alignment_offset_show, NULL);
984 static DEVICE_ATTR(discard_alignment, S_IRUGO, disk_discard_alignment_show,
986 static DEVICE_ATTR(capability, S_IRUGO, disk_capability_show, NULL);
987 static DEVICE_ATTR(stat, S_IRUGO, part_stat_show, NULL);
988 static DEVICE_ATTR(inflight, S_IRUGO, part_inflight_show, NULL);
989 #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
990 static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail =
991 __ATTR(make-it-fail, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_fail_show, part_fail_store);
993 #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_IO_TIMEOUT
994 static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail_timeout =
995 __ATTR(io-timeout-fail, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_timeout_show,
999 static struct attribute *disk_attrs[] = {
1000 &dev_attr_range.attr,
1001 &dev_attr_ext_range.attr,
1002 &dev_attr_removable.attr,
1004 &dev_attr_size.attr,
1005 &dev_attr_alignment_offset.attr,
1006 &dev_attr_discard_alignment.attr,
1007 &dev_attr_capability.attr,
1008 &dev_attr_stat.attr,
1009 &dev_attr_inflight.attr,
1010 #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
1011 &dev_attr_fail.attr,
1013 #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_IO_TIMEOUT
1014 &dev_attr_fail_timeout.attr,
1019 static struct attribute_group disk_attr_group = {
1020 .attrs = disk_attrs,
1023 static const struct attribute_group *disk_attr_groups[] = {
1029 * disk_replace_part_tbl - replace disk->part_tbl in RCU-safe way
1030 * @disk: disk to replace part_tbl for
1031 * @new_ptbl: new part_tbl to install
1033 * Replace disk->part_tbl with @new_ptbl in RCU-safe way. The
1034 * original ptbl is freed using RCU callback.
1037 * Matching bd_mutx locked.
1039 static void disk_replace_part_tbl(struct gendisk *disk,
1040 struct disk_part_tbl *new_ptbl)
1042 struct disk_part_tbl *old_ptbl = disk->part_tbl;
1044 rcu_assign_pointer(disk->part_tbl, new_ptbl);
1047 rcu_assign_pointer(old_ptbl->last_lookup, NULL);
1048 kfree_rcu(old_ptbl, rcu_head);
1053 * disk_expand_part_tbl - expand disk->part_tbl
1054 * @disk: disk to expand part_tbl for
1055 * @partno: expand such that this partno can fit in
1057 * Expand disk->part_tbl such that @partno can fit in. disk->part_tbl
1058 * uses RCU to allow unlocked dereferencing for stats and other stuff.
1061 * Matching bd_mutex locked, might sleep.
1064 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1066 int disk_expand_part_tbl(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
1068 struct disk_part_tbl *old_ptbl = disk->part_tbl;
1069 struct disk_part_tbl *new_ptbl;
1070 int len = old_ptbl ? old_ptbl->len : 0;
1071 int target = partno + 1;
1075 /* disk_max_parts() is zero during initialization, ignore if so */
1076 if (disk_max_parts(disk) && target > disk_max_parts(disk))
1082 size = sizeof(*new_ptbl) + target * sizeof(new_ptbl->part[0]);
1083 new_ptbl = kzalloc_node(size, GFP_KERNEL, disk->node_id);
1087 new_ptbl->len = target;
1089 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
1090 rcu_assign_pointer(new_ptbl->part[i], old_ptbl->part[i]);
1092 disk_replace_part_tbl(disk, new_ptbl);
1096 static void disk_release(struct device *dev)
1098 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1100 disk_release_events(disk);
1101 kfree(disk->random);
1102 disk_replace_part_tbl(disk, NULL);
1103 free_part_stats(&disk->part0);
1104 free_part_info(&disk->part0);
1106 blk_put_queue(disk->queue);
1109 struct class block_class = {
1113 static char *block_devnode(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode)
1115 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1118 return disk->devnode(disk, mode);
1122 static struct device_type disk_type = {
1124 .groups = disk_attr_groups,
1125 .release = disk_release,
1126 .devnode = block_devnode,
1129 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
1131 * aggregate disk stat collector. Uses the same stats that the sysfs
1132 * entries do, above, but makes them available through one seq_file.
1134 * The output looks suspiciously like /proc/partitions with a bunch of
1137 static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
1139 struct gendisk *gp = v;
1140 struct disk_part_iter piter;
1141 struct hd_struct *hd;
1142 char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
1146 if (&disk_to_dev(gp)->kobj.entry == block_class.devices.next)
1147 seq_puts(seqf, "major minor name"
1148 " rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
1149 "wsect wuse running use aveq"
1153 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, gp, DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0);
1154 while ((hd = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
1155 cpu = part_stat_lock();
1156 part_round_stats(cpu, hd);
1158 seq_printf(seqf, "%4d %7d %s %lu %lu %lu "
1159 "%u %lu %lu %lu %u %u %u %u\n",
1160 MAJOR(part_devt(hd)), MINOR(part_devt(hd)),
1161 disk_name(gp, hd->partno, buf),
1162 part_stat_read(hd, ios[READ]),
1163 part_stat_read(hd, merges[READ]),
1164 part_stat_read(hd, sectors[READ]),
1165 jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, ticks[READ])),
1166 part_stat_read(hd, ios[WRITE]),
1167 part_stat_read(hd, merges[WRITE]),
1168 part_stat_read(hd, sectors[WRITE]),
1169 jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, ticks[WRITE])),
1171 jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, io_ticks)),
1172 jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, time_in_queue))
1175 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
1180 static const struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
1181 .start = disk_seqf_start,
1182 .next = disk_seqf_next,
1183 .stop = disk_seqf_stop,
1184 .show = diskstats_show
1187 static int diskstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1189 return seq_open(file, &diskstats_op);
1192 static const struct file_operations proc_diskstats_operations = {
1193 .open = diskstats_open,
1195 .llseek = seq_lseek,
1196 .release = seq_release,
1199 static int __init proc_genhd_init(void)
1201 proc_create("diskstats", 0, NULL, &proc_diskstats_operations);
1202 proc_create("partitions", 0, NULL, &proc_partitions_operations);
1205 module_init(proc_genhd_init);
1206 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
1208 dev_t blk_lookup_devt(const char *name, int partno)
1210 dev_t devt = MKDEV(0, 0);
1211 struct class_dev_iter iter;
1214 class_dev_iter_init(&iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
1215 while ((dev = class_dev_iter_next(&iter))) {
1216 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1217 struct hd_struct *part;
1219 if (strcmp(dev_name(dev), name))
1222 if (partno < disk->minors) {
1223 /* We need to return the right devno, even
1224 * if the partition doesn't exist yet.
1226 devt = MKDEV(MAJOR(dev->devt),
1227 MINOR(dev->devt) + partno);
1230 part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
1232 devt = part_devt(part);
1233 disk_put_part(part);
1236 disk_put_part(part);
1238 class_dev_iter_exit(&iter);
1241 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_lookup_devt);
1243 struct gendisk *alloc_disk(int minors)
1245 return alloc_disk_node(minors, NUMA_NO_NODE);
1247 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_disk);
1249 struct gendisk *alloc_disk_node(int minors, int node_id)
1251 struct gendisk *disk;
1253 disk = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct gendisk),
1254 GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, node_id);
1256 if (!init_part_stats(&disk->part0)) {
1260 disk->node_id = node_id;
1261 if (disk_expand_part_tbl(disk, 0)) {
1262 free_part_stats(&disk->part0);
1266 disk->part_tbl->part[0] = &disk->part0;
1269 * set_capacity() and get_capacity() currently don't use
1270 * seqcounter to read/update the part0->nr_sects. Still init
1271 * the counter as we can read the sectors in IO submission
1272 * patch using seqence counters.
1274 * TODO: Ideally set_capacity() and get_capacity() should be
1275 * converted to make use of bd_mutex and sequence counters.
1277 seqcount_init(&disk->part0.nr_sects_seq);
1278 hd_ref_init(&disk->part0);
1280 disk->minors = minors;
1281 rand_initialize_disk(disk);
1282 disk_to_dev(disk)->class = &block_class;
1283 disk_to_dev(disk)->type = &disk_type;
1284 device_initialize(disk_to_dev(disk));
1288 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_disk_node);
1290 struct kobject *get_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
1292 struct module *owner;
1293 struct kobject *kobj;
1297 owner = disk->fops->owner;
1298 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
1300 kobj = kobject_get(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1309 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_disk);
1311 void put_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
1314 kobject_put(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1317 EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_disk);
1319 static void set_disk_ro_uevent(struct gendisk *gd, int ro)
1321 char event[] = "DISK_RO=1";
1322 char *envp[] = { event, NULL };
1326 kobject_uevent_env(&disk_to_dev(gd)->kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp);
1329 void set_device_ro(struct block_device *bdev, int flag)
1331 bdev->bd_part->policy = flag;
1334 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_device_ro);
1336 void set_disk_ro(struct gendisk *disk, int flag)
1338 struct disk_part_iter piter;
1339 struct hd_struct *part;
1341 if (disk->part0.policy != flag) {
1342 set_disk_ro_uevent(disk, flag);
1343 disk->part0.policy = flag;
1346 disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY);
1347 while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
1348 part->policy = flag;
1349 disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
1352 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_disk_ro);
1354 int bdev_read_only(struct block_device *bdev)
1358 return bdev->bd_part->policy;
1361 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_read_only);
1363 int invalidate_partition(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
1366 struct block_device *bdev = bdget_disk(disk, partno);
1369 res = __invalidate_device(bdev, true);
1375 EXPORT_SYMBOL(invalidate_partition);
1378 * Disk events - monitor disk events like media change and eject request.
1380 struct disk_events {
1381 struct list_head node; /* all disk_event's */
1382 struct gendisk *disk; /* the associated disk */
1385 struct mutex block_mutex; /* protects blocking */
1386 int block; /* event blocking depth */
1387 unsigned int pending; /* events already sent out */
1388 unsigned int clearing; /* events being cleared */
1390 long poll_msecs; /* interval, -1 for default */
1391 struct delayed_work dwork;
1394 static const char *disk_events_strs[] = {
1395 [ilog2(DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE)] = "media_change",
1396 [ilog2(DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST)] = "eject_request",
1399 static char *disk_uevents[] = {
1400 [ilog2(DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE)] = "DISK_MEDIA_CHANGE=1",
1401 [ilog2(DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST)] = "DISK_EJECT_REQUEST=1",
1404 /* list of all disk_events */
1405 static DEFINE_MUTEX(disk_events_mutex);
1406 static LIST_HEAD(disk_events);
1408 /* disable in-kernel polling by default */
1409 static unsigned long disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs = 0;
1411 static unsigned long disk_events_poll_jiffies(struct gendisk *disk)
1413 struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
1414 long intv_msecs = 0;
1417 * If device-specific poll interval is set, always use it. If
1418 * the default is being used, poll iff there are events which
1419 * can't be monitored asynchronously.
1421 if (ev->poll_msecs >= 0)
1422 intv_msecs = ev->poll_msecs;
1423 else if (disk->events & ~disk->async_events)
1424 intv_msecs = disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs;
1426 return msecs_to_jiffies(intv_msecs);
1430 * disk_block_events - block and flush disk event checking
1431 * @disk: disk to block events for
1433 * On return from this function, it is guaranteed that event checking
1434 * isn't in progress and won't happen until unblocked by
1435 * disk_unblock_events(). Events blocking is counted and the actual
1436 * unblocking happens after the matching number of unblocks are done.
1438 * Note that this intentionally does not block event checking from
1439 * disk_clear_events().
1444 void disk_block_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1446 struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
1447 unsigned long flags;
1454 * Outer mutex ensures that the first blocker completes canceling
1455 * the event work before further blockers are allowed to finish.
1457 mutex_lock(&ev->block_mutex);
1459 spin_lock_irqsave(&ev->lock, flags);
1460 cancel = !ev->block++;
1461 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ev->lock, flags);
1464 cancel_delayed_work_sync(&disk->ev->dwork);
1466 mutex_unlock(&ev->block_mutex);
1469 static void __disk_unblock_events(struct gendisk *disk, bool check_now)
1471 struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
1473 unsigned long flags;
1475 spin_lock_irqsave(&ev->lock, flags);
1477 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ev->block <= 0))
1484 * Not exactly a latency critical operation, set poll timer
1485 * slack to 25% and kick event check.
1487 intv = disk_events_poll_jiffies(disk);
1488 set_timer_slack(&ev->dwork.timer, intv / 4);
1490 queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, 0);
1492 queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, intv);
1494 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ev->lock, flags);
1498 * disk_unblock_events - unblock disk event checking
1499 * @disk: disk to unblock events for
1501 * Undo disk_block_events(). When the block count reaches zero, it
1502 * starts events polling if configured.
1505 * Don't care. Safe to call from irq context.
1507 void disk_unblock_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1510 __disk_unblock_events(disk, false);
1514 * disk_flush_events - schedule immediate event checking and flushing
1515 * @disk: disk to check and flush events for
1516 * @mask: events to flush
1518 * Schedule immediate event checking on @disk if not blocked. Events in
1519 * @mask are scheduled to be cleared from the driver. Note that this
1520 * doesn't clear the events from @disk->ev.
1523 * If @mask is non-zero must be called with bdev->bd_mutex held.
1525 void disk_flush_events(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned int mask)
1527 struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
1532 spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
1533 ev->clearing |= mask;
1535 mod_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, 0);
1536 spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);
1540 * disk_clear_events - synchronously check, clear and return pending events
1541 * @disk: disk to fetch and clear events from
1542 * @mask: mask of events to be fetched and clearted
1544 * Disk events are synchronously checked and pending events in @mask
1545 * are cleared and returned. This ignores the block count.
1550 unsigned int disk_clear_events(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned int mask)
1552 const struct block_device_operations *bdops = disk->fops;
1553 struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
1554 unsigned int pending;
1555 unsigned int clearing = mask;
1558 /* for drivers still using the old ->media_changed method */
1559 if ((mask & DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE) &&
1560 bdops->media_changed && bdops->media_changed(disk))
1561 return DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE;
1565 disk_block_events(disk);
1568 * store the union of mask and ev->clearing on the stack so that the
1569 * race with disk_flush_events does not cause ambiguity (ev->clearing
1570 * can still be modified even if events are blocked).
1572 spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
1573 clearing |= ev->clearing;
1575 spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);
1577 disk_check_events(ev, &clearing);
1579 * if ev->clearing is not 0, the disk_flush_events got called in the
1580 * middle of this function, so we want to run the workfn without delay.
1582 __disk_unblock_events(disk, ev->clearing ? true : false);
1584 /* then, fetch and clear pending events */
1585 spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
1586 pending = ev->pending & mask;
1587 ev->pending &= ~mask;
1588 spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);
1589 WARN_ON_ONCE(clearing & mask);
1595 * Separate this part out so that a different pointer for clearing_ptr can be
1596 * passed in for disk_clear_events.
1598 static void disk_events_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
1600 struct delayed_work *dwork = to_delayed_work(work);
1601 struct disk_events *ev = container_of(dwork, struct disk_events, dwork);
1603 disk_check_events(ev, &ev->clearing);
1606 static void disk_check_events(struct disk_events *ev,
1607 unsigned int *clearing_ptr)
1609 struct gendisk *disk = ev->disk;
1610 char *envp[ARRAY_SIZE(disk_uevents) + 1] = { };
1611 unsigned int clearing = *clearing_ptr;
1612 unsigned int events;
1614 int nr_events = 0, i;
1617 events = disk->fops->check_events(disk, clearing);
1619 /* accumulate pending events and schedule next poll if necessary */
1620 spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
1622 events &= ~ev->pending;
1623 ev->pending |= events;
1624 *clearing_ptr &= ~clearing;
1626 intv = disk_events_poll_jiffies(disk);
1627 if (!ev->block && intv)
1628 queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, intv);
1630 spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);
1633 * Tell userland about new events. Only the events listed in
1634 * @disk->events are reported. Unlisted events are processed the
1635 * same internally but never get reported to userland.
1637 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(disk_uevents); i++)
1638 if (events & disk->events & (1 << i))
1639 envp[nr_events++] = disk_uevents[i];
1642 kobject_uevent_env(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp);
1646 * A disk events enabled device has the following sysfs nodes under
1647 * its /sys/block/X/ directory.
1649 * events : list of all supported events
1650 * events_async : list of events which can be detected w/o polling
1651 * events_poll_msecs : polling interval, 0: disable, -1: system default
1653 static ssize_t __disk_events_show(unsigned int events, char *buf)
1655 const char *delim = "";
1659 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(disk_events_strs); i++)
1660 if (events & (1 << i)) {
1661 pos += sprintf(buf + pos, "%s%s",
1662 delim, disk_events_strs[i]);
1666 pos += sprintf(buf + pos, "\n");
1670 static ssize_t disk_events_show(struct device *dev,
1671 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1673 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1675 return __disk_events_show(disk->events, buf);
1678 static ssize_t disk_events_async_show(struct device *dev,
1679 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1681 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1683 return __disk_events_show(disk->async_events, buf);
1686 static ssize_t disk_events_poll_msecs_show(struct device *dev,
1687 struct device_attribute *attr,
1690 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1692 return sprintf(buf, "%ld\n", disk->ev->poll_msecs);
1695 static ssize_t disk_events_poll_msecs_store(struct device *dev,
1696 struct device_attribute *attr,
1697 const char *buf, size_t count)
1699 struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
1702 if (!count || !sscanf(buf, "%ld", &intv))
1705 if (intv < 0 && intv != -1)
1708 disk_block_events(disk);
1709 disk->ev->poll_msecs = intv;
1710 __disk_unblock_events(disk, true);
1715 static const DEVICE_ATTR(events, S_IRUGO, disk_events_show, NULL);
1716 static const DEVICE_ATTR(events_async, S_IRUGO, disk_events_async_show, NULL);
1717 static const DEVICE_ATTR(events_poll_msecs, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR,
1718 disk_events_poll_msecs_show,
1719 disk_events_poll_msecs_store);
1721 static const struct attribute *disk_events_attrs[] = {
1722 &dev_attr_events.attr,
1723 &dev_attr_events_async.attr,
1724 &dev_attr_events_poll_msecs.attr,
1729 * The default polling interval can be specified by the kernel
1730 * parameter block.events_dfl_poll_msecs which defaults to 0
1731 * (disable). This can also be modified runtime by writing to
1732 * /sys/module/block/events_dfl_poll_msecs.
1734 static int disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs(const char *val,
1735 const struct kernel_param *kp)
1737 struct disk_events *ev;
1740 ret = param_set_ulong(val, kp);
1744 mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);
1746 list_for_each_entry(ev, &disk_events, node)
1747 disk_flush_events(ev->disk, 0);
1749 mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);
1754 static const struct kernel_param_ops disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops = {
1755 .set = disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs,
1756 .get = param_get_ulong,
1759 #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
1760 #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX "block."
1762 module_param_cb(events_dfl_poll_msecs, &disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops,
1763 &disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs, 0644);
1766 * disk_{alloc|add|del|release}_events - initialize and destroy disk_events.
1768 static void disk_alloc_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1770 struct disk_events *ev;
1772 if (!disk->fops->check_events)
1775 ev = kzalloc(sizeof(*ev), GFP_KERNEL);
1777 pr_warn("%s: failed to initialize events\n", disk->disk_name);
1781 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ev->node);
1783 spin_lock_init(&ev->lock);
1784 mutex_init(&ev->block_mutex);
1786 ev->poll_msecs = -1;
1787 INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ev->dwork, disk_events_workfn);
1792 static void disk_add_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1797 /* FIXME: error handling */
1798 if (sysfs_create_files(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, disk_events_attrs) < 0)
1799 pr_warn("%s: failed to create sysfs files for events\n",
1802 mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);
1803 list_add_tail(&disk->ev->node, &disk_events);
1804 mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);
1807 * Block count is initialized to 1 and the following initial
1808 * unblock kicks it into action.
1810 __disk_unblock_events(disk, true);
1813 static void disk_del_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1818 disk_block_events(disk);
1820 mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);
1821 list_del_init(&disk->ev->node);
1822 mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);
1824 sysfs_remove_files(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, disk_events_attrs);
1827 static void disk_release_events(struct gendisk *disk)
1829 /* the block count should be 1 from disk_del_events() */
1830 WARN_ON_ONCE(disk->ev && disk->ev->block != 1);