1 /* strings -- print the strings of printable characters in files
2 Copyright (C) 1993-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
19 /* Usage: strings [options] file...
24 - Scan each file in its entirety.
27 -d Scan only the initialized data section(s) of object files.
30 -f Print the name of the file before each string.
34 -min-len Print graphic char sequences, MIN-LEN or more bytes long,
35 that are followed by a NUL or a newline. Default is 4.
38 -t {o,x,d} Print the offset within the file before each string,
41 --include-all-whitespace
42 -w By default tab and space are the only whitepace included in graphic
43 char sequences. This option considers all of isspace() valid.
45 -o Like -to. (Some other implementations have -o like -to,
46 others like -td. We chose one arbitrarily.)
48 --encoding={s,S,b,l,B,L}
50 Select character encoding: 7-bit-character, 8-bit-character,
51 bigendian 16-bit, littleendian 16-bit, bigendian 32-bit,
56 Specify a non-default object file format.
59 -h Print the usage message on the standard output.
63 -v Print the program version number.
65 Written by Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
66 and David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. */
71 #include "libiberty.h"
72 #include "safe-ctype.h"
75 #define STRING_ISGRAPHIC(c) \
78 && ((c) == '\t' || ISPRINT (c) || (encoding == 'S' && (c) > 127) \
79 || (include_all_whitespace == TRUE && ISSPACE (c))) \
86 /* The BFD section flags that identify an initialized data section. */
87 #define DATA_FLAGS (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS)
89 /* Radix for printing addresses (must be 8, 10 or 16). */
90 static int address_radix;
92 /* Minimum length of sequence of graphic chars to trigger output. */
93 static int string_min;
95 /* Whether or not we include all whitespace as a graphic char. */
96 static bfd_boolean include_all_whitespace;
98 /* TRUE means print address within file for each string. */
99 static bfd_boolean print_addresses;
101 /* TRUE means print filename for each string. */
102 static bfd_boolean print_filenames;
104 /* TRUE means for object files scan only the data section. */
105 static bfd_boolean datasection_only;
107 /* TRUE if we found an initialized data section in the current file. */
108 static bfd_boolean got_a_section;
110 /* The BFD object file format. */
113 /* The character encoding format. */
114 static char encoding;
115 static int encoding_bytes;
117 static struct option long_options[] =
119 {"all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
120 {"data", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
121 {"print-file-name", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
122 {"bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'n'},
123 {"radix", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
124 {"include-all-whitespace", required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
125 {"encoding", required_argument, NULL, 'e'},
126 {"target", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
127 {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
128 {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
132 /* Records the size of a named file so that we
133 do not repeatedly run bfd_stat() on it. */
137 const char * filename;
138 bfd_size_type filesize;
139 } filename_and_size_t;
141 static void strings_a_section (bfd *, asection *, void *);
142 static bfd_boolean strings_object_file (const char *);
143 static bfd_boolean strings_file (char *);
144 static void print_strings (const char *, FILE *, file_ptr, int, int, char *);
145 static void usage (FILE *, int);
146 static long get_char (FILE *, file_ptr *, int *, char **);
148 int main (int, char **);
151 main (int argc, char **argv)
155 bfd_boolean files_given = FALSE;
159 #if defined (HAVE_SETLOCALE)
160 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
162 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
163 textdomain (PACKAGE);
165 program_name = argv[0];
166 xmalloc_set_program_name (program_name);
168 expandargv (&argc, &argv);
171 include_all_whitespace = FALSE;
172 print_addresses = FALSE;
173 print_filenames = FALSE;
174 if (DEFAULT_STRINGS_ALL)
175 datasection_only = FALSE;
177 datasection_only = TRUE;
181 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "adfhHn:wot:e:T:Vv0123456789",
182 long_options, (int *) 0)) != EOF)
187 datasection_only = FALSE;
191 datasection_only = TRUE;
195 print_filenames = TRUE;
203 string_min = (int) strtoul (optarg, &s, 0);
204 if (s != NULL && *s != 0)
205 fatal (_("invalid integer argument %s"), optarg);
209 include_all_whitespace = TRUE;
213 print_addresses = TRUE;
218 print_addresses = TRUE;
219 if (optarg[1] != '\0')
245 if (optarg[1] != '\0')
247 encoding = optarg[0];
252 print_version ("strings");
259 numeric_opt = optind;
264 if (numeric_opt != 0)
266 string_min = (int) strtoul (argv[numeric_opt - 1] + 1, &s, 0);
267 if (s != NULL && *s != 0)
268 fatal (_("invalid integer argument %s"), argv[numeric_opt - 1] + 1);
271 fatal (_("invalid minimum string length %d"), string_min);
292 set_default_bfd_target ();
296 datasection_only = FALSE;
297 SET_BINARY (fileno (stdin));
298 print_strings ("{standard input}", stdin, 0, 0, 0, (char *) NULL);
303 for (; optind < argc; ++optind)
305 if (strcmp (argv[optind], "-") == 0)
306 datasection_only = FALSE;
310 exit_status |= strings_file (argv[optind]) == FALSE;
318 return (exit_status);
321 /* Scan section SECT of the file ABFD, whose printable name is in
322 ARG->filename and whose size might be in ARG->filesize. If it
323 contains initialized data set `got_a_section' and print the
326 FIXME: We ought to be able to return error codes/messages for
327 certain conditions. */
330 strings_a_section (bfd *abfd, asection *sect, void *arg)
332 filename_and_size_t * filename_and_sizep;
333 bfd_size_type *filesizep;
334 bfd_size_type sectsize;
337 if ((sect->flags & DATA_FLAGS) != DATA_FLAGS)
340 sectsize = bfd_get_section_size (sect);
345 /* Get the size of the file. This might have been cached for us. */
346 filename_and_sizep = (filename_and_size_t *) arg;
347 filesizep = & filename_and_sizep->filesize;
353 if (bfd_stat (abfd, &st))
356 /* Cache the result so that we do not repeatedly stat this file. */
357 *filesizep = st.st_size;
360 /* Compare the size of the section against the size of the file.
361 If the section is bigger then the file must be corrupt and
362 we should not try dumping it. */
363 if (sectsize >= *filesizep)
366 mem = xmalloc (sectsize);
368 if (bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, sect, mem, (file_ptr) 0, sectsize))
370 got_a_section = TRUE;
372 print_strings (filename_and_sizep->filename, NULL, sect->filepos,
373 0, sectsize, (char *) mem);
379 /* Scan all of the sections in FILE, and print the strings
380 in the initialized data section(s).
382 Return TRUE if successful,
383 FALSE if not (such as if FILE is not an object file). */
386 strings_object_file (const char *file)
388 filename_and_size_t filename_and_size;
391 abfd = bfd_openr (file, target);
394 /* Treat the file as a non-object file. */
397 /* This call is mainly for its side effect of reading in the sections.
398 We follow the traditional behavior of `strings' in that we don't
399 complain if we don't recognize a file to be an object file. */
400 if (!bfd_check_format (abfd, bfd_object))
406 got_a_section = FALSE;
407 filename_and_size.filename = file;
408 filename_and_size.filesize = 0;
409 bfd_map_over_sections (abfd, strings_a_section, & filename_and_size);
411 if (!bfd_close (abfd))
417 return got_a_section;
420 /* Print the strings in FILE. Return TRUE if ok, FALSE if an error occurs. */
423 strings_file (char *file)
427 /* get_file_size does not support non-S_ISREG files. */
429 if (stat (file, &st) < 0)
432 non_fatal (_("'%s': No such file"), file);
434 non_fatal (_("Warning: could not locate '%s'. reason: %s"),
435 file, strerror (errno));
439 /* If we weren't told to scan the whole file,
440 try to open it as an object file and only look at
441 initialized data sections. If that fails, fall back to the
443 if (!datasection_only || !strings_object_file (file))
447 stream = fopen (file, FOPEN_RB);
450 fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
455 print_strings (file, stream, (file_ptr) 0, 0, 0, (char *) 0);
457 if (fclose (stream) == EOF)
459 fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
468 /* Read the next character, return EOF if none available.
469 Assume that STREAM is positioned so that the next byte read
470 is at address ADDRESS in the file.
472 If STREAM is NULL, do not read from it.
473 The caller can supply a buffer of characters
474 to be processed before the data in STREAM.
475 MAGIC is the address of the buffer and
476 MAGICCOUNT is how many characters are in it. */
479 get_char (FILE *stream, file_ptr *address, int *magiccount, char **magic)
484 for (i = 0; i < encoding_bytes; i++)
496 /* Only use getc_unlocked if we found a declaration for it.
497 Otherwise, libc is not thread safe by default, and we
498 should not use it. */
500 #if defined(HAVE_GETC_UNLOCKED) && HAVE_DECL_GETC_UNLOCKED
501 c = getc_unlocked (stream);
510 r = (r << 8) | (c & 0xff);
518 r = ((r & 0xff) << 8) | ((r & 0xff00) >> 8);
521 r = (((r & 0xff) << 24) | ((r & 0xff00) << 8)
522 | ((r & 0xff0000) >> 8) | ((r & 0xff000000) >> 24));
529 /* Find the strings in file FILENAME, read from STREAM.
530 Assume that STREAM is positioned so that the next byte read
531 is at address ADDRESS in the file.
532 Stop reading at address STOP_POINT in the file, if nonzero.
534 If STREAM is NULL, do not read from it.
535 The caller can supply a buffer of characters
536 to be processed before the data in STREAM.
537 MAGIC is the address of the buffer and
538 MAGICCOUNT is how many characters are in it.
539 Those characters come at address ADDRESS and the data in STREAM follow. */
542 print_strings (const char *filename, FILE *stream, file_ptr address,
543 int stop_point, int magiccount, char *magic)
545 char *buf = (char *) xmalloc (sizeof (char) * (string_min + 1));
553 /* See if the next `string_min' chars are all graphic chars. */
555 if (stop_point && address >= stop_point)
558 for (i = 0; i < string_min; i++)
560 c = get_char (stream, &address, &magiccount, &magic);
566 if (! STRING_ISGRAPHIC (c))
567 /* Found a non-graphic. Try again starting with next char. */
572 /* We found a run of `string_min' graphic characters. Print up
573 to the next non-graphic character. */
576 printf ("%s: ", filename);
578 switch (address_radix)
581 #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 2)
582 if (sizeof (start) > sizeof (long))
585 printf ("%7llo ", (unsigned long long) start);
587 printf ("%7I64o ", (unsigned long long) start);
591 #elif !BFD_HOST_64BIT_LONG
592 if (start != (unsigned long) start)
593 printf ("++%7lo ", (unsigned long) start);
596 printf ("%7lo ", (unsigned long) start);
600 #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 2)
601 if (sizeof (start) > sizeof (long))
604 printf ("%7lld ", (unsigned long long) start);
606 printf ("%7I64d ", (unsigned long long) start);
610 #elif !BFD_HOST_64BIT_LONG
611 if (start != (unsigned long) start)
612 printf ("++%7ld ", (unsigned long) start);
615 printf ("%7ld ", (long) start);
619 #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 2)
620 if (sizeof (start) > sizeof (long))
623 printf ("%7llx ", (unsigned long long) start);
625 printf ("%7I64x ", (unsigned long long) start);
629 #elif !BFD_HOST_64BIT_LONG
630 if (start != (unsigned long) start)
631 printf ("%lx%8.8lx ", (unsigned long) (start >> 32),
632 (unsigned long) (start & 0xffffffff));
635 printf ("%7lx ", (unsigned long) start);
644 c = get_char (stream, &address, &magiccount, &magic);
647 if (! STRING_ISGRAPHIC (c))
658 usage (FILE *stream, int status)
660 fprintf (stream, _("Usage: %s [option(s)] [file(s)]\n"), program_name);
661 fprintf (stream, _(" Display printable strings in [file(s)] (stdin by default)\n"));
662 fprintf (stream, _(" The options are:\n"));
664 if (DEFAULT_STRINGS_ALL)
665 fprintf (stream, _("\
666 -a - --all Scan the entire file, not just the data section [default]\n\
667 -d --data Only scan the data sections in the file\n"));
669 fprintf (stream, _("\
670 -a - --all Scan the entire file, not just the data section\n\
671 -d --data Only scan the data sections in the file [default]\n"));
673 fprintf (stream, _("\
674 -f --print-file-name Print the name of the file before each string\n\
675 -n --bytes=[number] Locate & print any NUL-terminated sequence of at\n\
676 -<number> least [number] characters (default 4).\n\
677 -t --radix={o,d,x} Print the location of the string in base 8, 10 or 16\n\
678 -w --include-all-whitespace Include all whitespace as valid string characters\n\
679 -o An alias for --radix=o\n\
680 -T --target=<BFDNAME> Specify the binary file format\n\
681 -e --encoding={s,S,b,l,B,L} Select character size and endianness:\n\
682 s = 7-bit, S = 8-bit, {b,l} = 16-bit, {B,L} = 32-bit\n\
683 @<file> Read options from <file>\n\
684 -h --help Display this information\n\
685 -v -V --version Print the program's version number\n"));
686 list_supported_targets (program_name, stream);
687 if (REPORT_BUGS_TO[0] && status == 0)
688 fprintf (stream, _("Report bugs to %s\n"), REPORT_BUGS_TO);