2 * This file is part of ltrace.
3 * Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Petr Machata, Red Hat Inc.
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
8 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 * General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
30 PS_INVALID, /* Failure. */
31 PS_STOP, /* Job-control stop. */
35 PS_OTHER, /* Necessary other states can be added as needed. */
39 * This file contains documentation of back end interface. Some of
40 * these may be implemented on an OS level (i.e. they are the same
41 * e.g. on all Linux architectures), some may differ per architecture
42 * on the same OS (e.g. a way to insert a breakpoint into the process
43 * image is a likely candidate).
46 /* Convert a PID to a path to the corresponding binary. */
47 char *pid2name(pid_t pid);
49 /* Given a PID, find a leader of thread group. */
50 pid_t process_leader(pid_t pid);
52 /* Given a PID of leader thread, fill in PIDs of all the tasks. The
53 * function will initialize the pointer *RET_TASKS to a
54 * newly-allocated array, and will store number of elements in that
55 * array to *RET_N. You have to free that buffer when you don't need
57 int process_tasks(pid_t pid, pid_t **ret_tasks, size_t *ret_n);
59 /* Answer whether the process PID is stopped. Returns 0 when not
60 * stopped, 1 when stopped, or -1 when there was an error. */
61 int process_stopped(pid_t pid);
63 /* Answer a status of the task PID. See enum process_status. */
64 enum process_status process_status(pid_t pid);
66 /* Wait for PID to be ready for tracing. */
67 int wait_for_proc(pid_t pid);
69 /* Send a signal SIG to the task PID. */
70 int task_kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
72 /* Called after PID is attached, but before it is continued. */
73 void trace_set_options(struct process *proc);
75 /* Called after ltrace forks. Should attach the newly created child,
76 * in whose context this function is called. */
79 /* Called when ltrace needs to attach to PID, such as when it attaches
80 * to a running process, whose PID is given on the command line. */
81 int trace_pid(pid_t pid);
83 /* Stop tracing PID. */
84 void untrace_pid(pid_t pid);
86 /* The back end may need to store arbitrary data to a process. This
87 * is a place where it can initialize PROC->arch_dep. XXX this should
88 * be dropped in favor of arhc_process_init on pmachata/libs. */
89 void get_arch_dep(struct process *proc);
91 /* Return current instruction pointer of PROC.
93 * XXX note that the IP must fit into an arch pointer. This prevents
94 * us to use 32-bit ltrace to trace 64-bit process, even on arches
95 * that would otherwise support this. Above we have a definition of
96 * arch_addr_t. This should be converted to an integral type and
97 * used for target addresses throughout. */
98 void *get_instruction_pointer(struct process *proc);
100 /* Set instruction pointer of PROC to ADDR. XXX see above. */
101 void set_instruction_pointer(struct process *proc, void *addr);
103 /* Return current stack pointer of PROC. XXX see above. */
104 void *get_stack_pointer(struct process *proc);
106 /* Find and return caller address, i.e. the address where the current
107 * function returns. */
108 void *get_return_addr(struct process *proc, void *stack_pointer);
110 /* Enable breakpoint SBP in process PROC. */
111 void enable_breakpoint(struct process *proc, struct breakpoint *sbp);
113 /* Disable breakpoint SBP in process PROC. */
114 void disable_breakpoint(struct process *proc, struct breakpoint *sbp);
116 /* Determine whether the event that we have just seen (and that is
117 * recorded in STATUS) was a syscall. If it was, return 1. If it was
118 * a return from syscall, return 2. In both cases, set *SYSNUM to the
119 * number of said syscall. If it wasn't a syscall, return 0. If
120 * there was an error, return -1. */
121 int syscall_p(struct process *proc, int status, int *sysnum);
123 /* Continue execution of the process with given PID. */
124 void continue_process(pid_t pid);
126 /* Called after we received a signal SIGNUM. Should do whatever
127 * book-keeping is necessary and continue the process if
129 void continue_after_signal(pid_t pid, int signum);
131 /* Called after we received a system call SYSNUM. RET_P is 0 if this
132 * is system call, otherwise it's return from a system call. The
133 * callback should do whatever book-keeping is necessary and continue
134 * the process if necessary. */
135 void continue_after_syscall(struct process *proc, int sysnum, int ret_p);
137 /* Called after we hit a breakpoint SBP. Should do whatever
138 * book-keeping is necessary and then continue the process. */
139 void continue_after_breakpoint(struct process *proc, struct breakpoint *sbp);
141 /* Called after we received a vfork. Should do whatever book-keeping
142 * is necessary and continue the process if necessary. N.B. right
143 * now, with Linux/GNU the only back end, this is not necessary. I
144 * imagine other systems may be different. */
145 void continue_after_vfork(struct process *proc);
147 /* Called after the process exec's. Should do whatever book-keeping
148 * is necessary and then continue the process. */
149 void continue_after_exec(struct process *proc);
151 /* Called when trace_me or primary trace_pid fail. This may plug in
152 * any platform-specific knowledge of why it could be so. */
153 void trace_fail_warning(pid_t pid);
155 /* A pair of functions called to initiate a detachment request when
156 * ltrace is about to exit. Their job is to undo any effects that
157 * tracing had and eventually detach process, perhaps by way of
158 * installing a process handler.
160 * OS_LTRACE_EXITING_SIGHANDLER is called from a signal handler
161 * context right after the signal was captured. It returns 1 if the
162 * request was handled or 0 if it wasn't.
164 * If the call to OS_LTRACE_EXITING_SIGHANDLER didn't handle the
165 * request, OS_LTRACE_EXITING is called when the next event is
166 * generated. Therefore it's called in "safe" context, without
167 * re-entrancy concerns, but it's only called after an even is
169 int os_ltrace_exiting_sighandler(void);
170 void os_ltrace_exiting(void);
172 /* Should copy COUNT bytes from address ADDR of process PROC to local
174 size_t umovebytes(struct process *proc, arch_addr_t addr,
175 void *buf, size_t count);
177 /* Find out an address of symbol SYM in process PROC, and return.
178 * Returning NULL delays breakpoint insertion and enables heaps of
179 * arch-specific black magic that we should clean up some day.
181 * XXX the same points as for get_instruction_pointer apply. */
182 void *sym2addr(struct process *proc, struct library_symbol *sym);
184 /* Obtain address of PLT entry corresponding to relocation RELA in
185 * file LTE. This is NDX-th PLT entry in the file.
187 * XXX should this return arch_addr_t? */
188 GElf_Addr arch_plt_sym_val(struct ltelf *lte, size_t ndx, GElf_Rela *rela);
190 /* Called at some point after we have attached to PROC. This callback
191 * should insert an introspection breakpoint for handling dynamic
192 * linker library loads. */
193 int linkmap_init(struct process *proc, arch_addr_t dyn_addr);
195 /* This should produce and return the next event of one of the traced
196 * processes. The returned pointer will not be freed by the core and
197 * should be either statically allocated, or the management should be
198 * done some other way. */
199 struct Event *next_event(void);
201 /* Called when process PROC was removed. */
202 void process_removed(struct process *proc);
204 /* This should extract entry point address and interpreter (dynamic
205 * linker) bias if possible. Returns 0 if there were no errors, -1
206 * otherwise. Sets *ENTRYP and *INTERP_BIASP to non-zero values if
207 * the corresponding value is known, or zero otherwise; this is not
208 * done for pointers that are NULL. */
209 int process_get_entry(struct process *proc,
211 arch_addr_t *interp_biasp);
214 /* Optional callbacks
216 * Some callbacks are only available if backend (arch.h) has a certain
217 * define. If such a define is not present, default implementation
218 * (most often doing nothing at all) us used instead. This is used
219 * for gradual extensions of ltrace, so that backends that are not
220 * fully up to date, or that don't need certain functionality, keep
221 * working, while other backends take advantage of the optional
224 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in backend if arch.h
225 * defines ARCH_HAVE_LTELF_DATA. Those are used to init and destroy
226 * LTE->arch. arch_elf_init returns 0 on success or a negative value
228 int arch_elf_init(struct ltelf *lte, struct library *lib);
229 void arch_elf_destroy(struct ltelf *lte);
231 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in OS backend if
232 * os.h defines OS_HAVE_BREAKPOINT_DATA. Those are used to init,
233 * destroy, and clone SBP->os. os_breakpoint_init and
234 * os_breakpoint_clone return 0 on success or a negative value on
236 int os_breakpoint_init(struct process *proc, struct breakpoint *sbp);
237 void os_breakpoint_destroy(struct breakpoint *sbp);
238 int os_breakpoint_clone(struct breakpoint *retp, struct breakpoint *sbp);
240 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in backend if arch.h
241 * defines ARCH_HAVE_BREAKPOINT_DATA. Those are used to init,
242 * destroy, and clone SBP->arch. arch_breakpoint_init and
243 * arch_breakpoint_clone return 0 on success or a negative value on
245 int arch_breakpoint_init(struct process *proc, struct breakpoint *sbp);
246 void arch_breakpoint_destroy(struct breakpoint *sbp);
247 int arch_breakpoint_clone(struct breakpoint *retp, struct breakpoint *sbp);
249 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in OS backend if
250 * os.h defines OS_HAVE_LIBRARY_DATA. Those are used to init, destroy
251 * and clone LIB->os. os_library_init and os_library_clone return 0
252 * on success or a negative value on failure. */
253 int os_library_init(struct library *lib);
254 void os_library_destroy(struct library *lib);
255 int os_library_clone(struct library *retp, struct library *lib);
257 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in backend if arch.h
258 * defines ARCH_HAVE_LIBRARY_DATA. Those are used to init, destroy
259 * and clone LIB->arch. arch_library_init and arch_library_clone
260 * return 0 on success or a negative value on failure. */
261 int arch_library_init(struct library *lib);
262 void arch_library_destroy(struct library *lib);
263 int arch_library_clone(struct library *retp, struct library *lib);
265 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in OS backend if
266 * os.h defines OS_HAVE_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_DATA. Those are used to init,
267 * destroy and clone LIBSYM->os. os_library_symbol_init and
268 * os_library_symbol_clone return 0 on success or a negative value on
270 int os_library_symbol_init(struct library_symbol *libsym);
271 void os_library_symbol_destroy(struct library_symbol *libsym);
272 int os_library_symbol_clone(struct library_symbol *retp,
273 struct library_symbol *libsym);
275 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in backend if arch.h
276 * defines ARCH_HAVE_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_DATA. Those are used to init,
277 * destroy and clone LIBSYM->arch. arch_library_symbol_init and
278 * arch_library_symbol_clone return 0 on success or a negative value
280 int arch_library_symbol_init(struct library_symbol *libsym);
281 void arch_library_symbol_destroy(struct library_symbol *libsym);
282 int arch_library_symbol_clone(struct library_symbol *retp,
283 struct library_symbol *libsym);
285 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in OS backend if
286 * os.h defines OS_HAVE_PROCESS_DATA. The protocol is same as for,
287 * respectively, arch_process_init, arch_process_destroy,
288 * arch_process_clone and arch_process_exec. */
289 int os_process_init(struct process *proc);
290 void os_process_destroy(struct process *proc);
291 int os_process_clone(struct process *retp, struct process *proc);
292 int os_process_exec(struct process *proc);
294 /* The following callbacks have to be implemented in backend if arch.h
295 * defines ARCH_HAVE_PROCESS_DATA. Those are used to init, destroy
296 * and clone PROC->arch. arch_process_exec is called to update
297 * PROC->arch in case that PROC underwent an exec. See notes at
298 * process_init, process_destroy, process_clone and process_exec in
300 int arch_process_init(struct process *proc);
301 void arch_process_destroy(struct process *proc);
302 int arch_process_clone(struct process *retp, struct process *proc);
303 int arch_process_exec(struct process *proc);
305 /* The following callback has to be implemented in backend if arch.h
306 * defines ARCH_HAVE_GET_SYM_INFO.
308 * This is called for every PLT relocation RELA in ELF file LTE (which
309 * is named FILENAME), that ltrace is about to add. The corresponding
310 * PLT entry is for SYM_INDEX-th relocation in the file. This call is
311 * supposed to initialize SYM and RELA. It returns 0 if there were no
312 * errors and given symbol should be used, 1 if the symbol should not
313 * be used, or a negative value if there were errors. */
314 int arch_get_sym_info(struct ltelf *lte, const char *filename, size_t sym_index,
315 GElf_Rela *rela, GElf_Sym *sym);
323 /* The following callback has to be implemented in OS backend if os.h
324 * defines OS_HAVE_ADD_PLT_ENTRY.
326 * This is called for every PLT relocation R in ELF file LTE, that
327 * ltrace is about to add to a library constructed in process PROC.
328 * The corresponding PLT entry is for symbol called NAME, and it's
329 * I-th relocation in the file.
331 * If this function returns PLT_DEFAULT, PLT address is obtained by
332 * calling arch_plt_sym_val, and symbol is allocated. If PLT_OK or
333 * PLT_DEFAULT are returned, the chain of symbols passed back in RET
334 * is added to library under construction. */
335 enum plt_status os_elf_add_plt_entry(struct process *proc, struct ltelf *lte,
336 const char *name, GElf_Rela *rela,
337 size_t i, struct library_symbol **ret);
339 /* Like os_elf_add_plt_entry, but tied to ARCH_HAVE_ADD_PLT_ENTRY in
340 * arch.h. The arch callback is called first. If it returns
341 * PLT_DEFAULT, the os callback is called next. */
342 enum plt_status arch_elf_add_plt_entry(struct process *proc, struct ltelf *lte,
343 const char *name, GElf_Rela *rela,
344 size_t i, struct library_symbol **ret);
346 /* The following callback has to be implemented in OS backend if os.h
347 * defines OS_HAVE_ADD_FUNC_ENTRY.
349 * This is called for every symbol in ltrace is about to add to the
350 * library constructed for LTE in process PROC.
352 * If this function returns PLT_DEFAULT, then if there is a
353 * pre-existing symbol, its name may be updated if the newly-found
354 * name is shorter. Otherwise a new symbol is created.
356 * If PLT_OK or PLT_DEFAULT are returned, the chain of symbols passed
357 * back in RET is added to library under construction. */
358 enum plt_status os_elf_add_func_entry(struct process *proc, struct ltelf *lte,
360 arch_addr_t addr, const char *name,
361 struct library_symbol **ret);
363 /* Like os_elf_add_func_entry, but tied to ARCH_HAVE_ADD_FUNC_ENTRY in
364 * arch.h. The arch callback is called first. If it returns
365 * PLT_DEFAULT, the os callback is called next. */
366 enum plt_status arch_elf_add_func_entry(struct process *proc, struct ltelf *lte,
368 arch_addr_t addr, const char *name,
369 struct library_symbol **ret);
371 /* This callback needs to be implemented if arch.h defines
372 * ARCH_HAVE_DYNLINK_DONE. It is called after the dynamic linker is
373 * done with the process start-up. */
374 void arch_dynlink_done(struct process *proc);
376 /* This callback needs to be implemented if arch.h defines
377 * ARCH_HAVE_SYMBOL_RET. It is called after a traced call returns. */
378 void arch_symbol_ret(struct process *proc, struct library_symbol *libsym);
381 /* This callback needs to be implemented if arch.h defines
382 * ARCH_HAVE_FIND_DL_DEBUG.
383 * It is called by generic code to find the address of the dynamic
384 * linkers debug structure.
385 * DYN_ADDR holds the address of the dynamic section.
386 * If the debug area is found, return 0 and fill in the address in *RET.
387 * If the debug area is not found, return a negative value. */
388 int arch_find_dl_debug(struct process *proc, arch_addr_t dyn_addr,
391 /* This is called to obtain a list of directories to search when
392 * loading config files. The callback sets *RETP to a pointer to the
393 * first element of a NULL-terminated array of directory names. It's
394 * legitimate to set *RETP to NULL to indicate there are no
395 * directories. The function returns 0 on success or a negative value
398 * If PRIVATE is set, the list in *RETP should contain only user's own
399 * directories (presumably under HOME if there's any such thing on the
400 * given OS). Otherwise only system directories should be reported.
402 * The directories don't have to exist. Directories passed in -F are
403 * handled separately by the caller and this callback shouldn't
404 * concern itself with it. */
405 int os_get_config_dirs(int private, const char ***retp);
407 /* This is called to obtain list of legacy config files to import, if
408 * any. A reference to initialized vector of char* is passed in.
410 * This returns 0 on success, in which case strings from *RETP (if
411 * any) are interpreted as files names. These files belong to the
412 * caller and will eventually be freed.
414 * Returns a negative value for failure, in which case *RETP contents
415 * are not consulted in any way. */
416 int os_get_ltrace_conf_filenames(struct vect *retp);
418 /* If arch.h defines ARCH_HAVE_FETCH_ARG, the following callbacks have
419 * to be implemented: arch_fetch_arg_init, arch_fetch_arg_clone,
420 * arch_fetch_arg_done, arch_fetch_arg_next and arch_fetch_retval.
421 * See fetch.h for details. */
423 /* If arch.h defines both ARCH_HAVE_FETCH_ARG and
424 * ARCH_HAVE_FETCH_PACK, the following callbacks have to be
425 * implemented: arch_fetch_param_pack_start,
426 * arch_fetch_param_pack_end. See fetch.h for details. */
428 enum sw_singlestep_status {
433 struct sw_singlestep_data;
435 /* The following callback has to be implemented in backend if arch.h
436 * defines ARCH_HAVE_SW_SINGLESTEP.
438 * This is called before the OS backend requests hardware singlestep.
439 * arch_sw_singlestep should consider whether a singlestep needs to be
440 * done in software. If not, it returns SWS_HW. Otherwise it needs
441 * to add one or several breakpoints by calling ADD_CB. When it is
442 * done, it continues the process as appropriate, and answers either
443 * SWS_OK, or SWS_FAIL, depending on how it went.
445 * PROC is the process that should perform the singlestep, BP the
446 * breakpoint that we are singlestepping over. ADD_CB is a callback
447 * to request adding breakpoints that should trap the process after
448 * it's continued. The arguments to ADD_CB are the address where the
449 * breakpoint should be added, and DATA. ADD_CB returns 0 on success
450 * or a negative value on failure. It is expected that
451 * arch_sw_singlestep returns SWS_FAIL if ADD_CB returns error. */
452 enum sw_singlestep_status arch_sw_singlestep(struct process *proc,
453 struct breakpoint *bp,
454 int (*add_cb)(arch_addr_t addr,
455 struct sw_singlestep_data *),
456 struct sw_singlestep_data *data);
458 #endif /* BACKEND_H */