1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * x86 instruction analysis
5 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004, 2009
8 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <asm/inat.h> /*__ignore_sync_check__ */
15 #include <asm/insn.h> /* __ignore_sync_check__ */
16 #include <asm/unaligned.h> /* __ignore_sync_check__ */
18 #include <linux/errno.h>
19 #include <linux/kconfig.h>
21 #include <asm/emulate_prefix.h> /* __ignore_sync_check__ */
23 #define leXX_to_cpu(t, r) \
26 switch (sizeof(t)) { \
27 case 4: v = le32_to_cpu(r); break; \
28 case 2: v = le16_to_cpu(r); break; \
29 case 1: v = r; break; \
36 /* Verify next sizeof(t) bytes can be on the same instruction */
37 #define validate_next(t, insn, n) \
38 ((insn)->next_byte + sizeof(t) + n <= (insn)->end_kaddr)
40 #define __get_next(t, insn) \
41 ({ t r = get_unaligned((t *)(insn)->next_byte); (insn)->next_byte += sizeof(t); leXX_to_cpu(t, r); })
43 #define __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n) \
44 ({ t r = get_unaligned((t *)(insn)->next_byte + n); leXX_to_cpu(t, r); })
46 #define get_next(t, insn) \
47 ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, 0))) goto err_out; __get_next(t, insn); })
49 #define peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n) \
50 ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, n))) goto err_out; __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n); })
52 #define peek_next(t, insn) peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, 0)
55 * insn_init() - initialize struct insn
56 * @insn: &struct insn to be initialized
57 * @kaddr: address (in kernel memory) of instruction (or copy thereof)
58 * @buf_len: length of the insn buffer at @kaddr
59 * @x86_64: !0 for 64-bit kernel or 64-bit app
61 void insn_init(struct insn *insn, const void *kaddr, int buf_len, int x86_64)
64 * Instructions longer than MAX_INSN_SIZE (15 bytes) are invalid
65 * even if the input buffer is long enough to hold them.
67 if (buf_len > MAX_INSN_SIZE)
68 buf_len = MAX_INSN_SIZE;
70 memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
72 insn->end_kaddr = kaddr + buf_len;
73 insn->next_byte = kaddr;
74 insn->x86_64 = x86_64 ? 1 : 0;
82 static const insn_byte_t xen_prefix[] = { __XEN_EMULATE_PREFIX };
83 static const insn_byte_t kvm_prefix[] = { __KVM_EMULATE_PREFIX };
85 static int __insn_get_emulate_prefix(struct insn *insn,
86 const insn_byte_t *prefix, size_t len)
90 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
91 if (peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, i) != prefix[i])
95 insn->emulate_prefix_size = len;
96 insn->next_byte += len;
104 static void insn_get_emulate_prefix(struct insn *insn)
106 if (__insn_get_emulate_prefix(insn, xen_prefix, sizeof(xen_prefix)))
109 __insn_get_emulate_prefix(insn, kvm_prefix, sizeof(kvm_prefix));
113 * insn_get_prefixes - scan x86 instruction prefix bytes
114 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
116 * Populates the @insn->prefixes bitmap, and updates @insn->next_byte
117 * to point to the (first) opcode. No effect if @insn->prefixes.got
124 int insn_get_prefixes(struct insn *insn)
126 struct insn_field *prefixes = &insn->prefixes;
134 insn_get_emulate_prefix(insn);
138 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
139 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
140 while (inat_is_legacy_prefix(attr)) {
141 /* Skip if same prefix */
142 for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
143 if (prefixes->bytes[i] == b)
146 /* Invalid instruction */
148 prefixes->bytes[nb++] = b;
149 if (inat_is_address_size_prefix(attr)) {
150 /* address size switches 2/4 or 4/8 */
152 insn->addr_bytes ^= 12;
154 insn->addr_bytes ^= 6;
155 } else if (inat_is_operand_size_prefix(attr)) {
156 /* oprand size switches 2/4 */
157 insn->opnd_bytes ^= 6;
163 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
164 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
166 /* Set the last prefix */
167 if (lb && lb != insn->prefixes.bytes[3]) {
168 if (unlikely(insn->prefixes.bytes[3])) {
169 /* Swap the last prefix */
170 b = insn->prefixes.bytes[3];
171 for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
172 if (prefixes->bytes[i] == lb)
173 insn_set_byte(prefixes, i, b);
175 insn_set_byte(&insn->prefixes, 3, lb);
178 /* Decode REX prefix */
180 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
181 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
182 if (inat_is_rex_prefix(attr)) {
183 insn_field_set(&insn->rex_prefix, b, 1);
186 /* REX.W overrides opnd_size */
187 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
190 insn->rex_prefix.got = 1;
192 /* Decode VEX prefix */
193 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
194 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
195 if (inat_is_vex_prefix(attr)) {
196 insn_byte_t b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 1);
199 * In 32-bits mode, if the [7:6] bits (mod bits of
200 * ModRM) on the second byte are not 11b, it is
201 * LDS or LES or BOUND.
203 if (X86_MODRM_MOD(b2) != 3)
206 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 0, b);
207 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 1, b2);
208 if (inat_is_evex_prefix(attr)) {
209 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
210 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 2, b2);
211 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 3);
212 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 3, b2);
213 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 4;
214 insn->next_byte += 4;
215 if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
216 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
217 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
218 } else if (inat_is_vex3_prefix(attr)) {
219 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
220 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 2, b2);
221 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 3;
222 insn->next_byte += 3;
223 if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
224 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
225 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
228 * For VEX2, fake VEX3-like byte#2.
229 * Makes it easier to decode vex.W, vex.vvvv,
230 * vex.L and vex.pp. Masking with 0x7f sets vex.W == 0.
232 insn_set_byte(&insn->vex_prefix, 2, b2 & 0x7f);
233 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 2;
234 insn->next_byte += 2;
238 insn->vex_prefix.got = 1;
249 * insn_get_opcode - collect opcode(s)
250 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
252 * Populates @insn->opcode, updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
253 * opcode byte(s), and set @insn->attr (except for groups).
254 * If necessary, first collects any preceding (prefix) bytes.
255 * Sets @insn->opcode.value = opcode1. No effect if @insn->opcode.got
262 int insn_get_opcode(struct insn *insn)
264 struct insn_field *opcode = &insn->opcode;
271 if (!insn->prefixes.got) {
272 ret = insn_get_prefixes(insn);
277 /* Get first opcode */
278 op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
279 insn_set_byte(opcode, 0, op);
282 /* Check if there is VEX prefix or not */
283 if (insn_is_avx(insn)) {
285 m = insn_vex_m_bits(insn);
286 p = insn_vex_p_bits(insn);
287 insn->attr = inat_get_avx_attribute(op, m, p);
288 if ((inat_must_evex(insn->attr) && !insn_is_evex(insn)) ||
289 (!inat_accept_vex(insn->attr) &&
290 !inat_is_group(insn->attr))) {
291 /* This instruction is bad */
295 /* VEX has only 1 byte for opcode */
299 insn->attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(op);
300 while (inat_is_escape(insn->attr)) {
301 /* Get escaped opcode */
302 op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
303 opcode->bytes[opcode->nbytes++] = op;
304 pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
305 insn->attr = inat_get_escape_attribute(op, pfx_id, insn->attr);
308 if (inat_must_vex(insn->attr)) {
309 /* This instruction is bad */
322 * insn_get_modrm - collect ModRM byte, if any
323 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
325 * Populates @insn->modrm and updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
326 * ModRM byte, if any. If necessary, first collects the preceding bytes
327 * (prefixes and opcode(s)). No effect if @insn->modrm.got is already 1.
333 int insn_get_modrm(struct insn *insn)
335 struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
336 insn_byte_t pfx_id, mod;
342 if (!insn->opcode.got) {
343 ret = insn_get_opcode(insn);
348 if (inat_has_modrm(insn->attr)) {
349 mod = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
350 insn_field_set(modrm, mod, 1);
351 if (inat_is_group(insn->attr)) {
352 pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
353 insn->attr = inat_get_group_attribute(mod, pfx_id,
355 if (insn_is_avx(insn) && !inat_accept_vex(insn->attr)) {
363 if (insn->x86_64 && inat_is_force64(insn->attr))
364 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
375 * insn_rip_relative() - Does instruction use RIP-relative addressing mode?
376 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
378 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
379 * ModRM byte. No effect if @insn->x86_64 is 0.
381 int insn_rip_relative(struct insn *insn)
383 struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
390 ret = insn_get_modrm(insn);
395 * For rip-relative instructions, the mod field (top 2 bits)
396 * is zero and the r/m field (bottom 3 bits) is 0x5.
398 return (modrm->nbytes && (modrm->bytes[0] & 0xc7) == 0x5);
402 * insn_get_sib() - Get the SIB byte of instruction
403 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
405 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
409 * 0: if decoding succeeded
412 int insn_get_sib(struct insn *insn)
420 if (!insn->modrm.got) {
421 ret = insn_get_modrm(insn);
426 if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
427 modrm = insn->modrm.bytes[0];
428 if (insn->addr_bytes != 2 &&
429 X86_MODRM_MOD(modrm) != 3 && X86_MODRM_RM(modrm) == 4) {
430 insn_field_set(&insn->sib,
431 get_next(insn_byte_t, insn), 1);
444 * insn_get_displacement() - Get the displacement of instruction
445 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
447 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
449 * Displacement value is sign-expanded.
452 * 0: if decoding succeeded
455 int insn_get_displacement(struct insn *insn)
457 insn_byte_t mod, rm, base;
460 if (insn->displacement.got)
463 if (!insn->sib.got) {
464 ret = insn_get_sib(insn);
469 if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
471 * Interpreting the modrm byte:
472 * mod = 00 - no displacement fields (exceptions below)
473 * mod = 01 - 1-byte displacement field
474 * mod = 10 - displacement field is 4 bytes, or 2 bytes if
475 * address size = 2 (0x67 prefix in 32-bit mode)
476 * mod = 11 - no memory operand
478 * If address size = 2...
479 * mod = 00, r/m = 110 - displacement field is 2 bytes
481 * If address size != 2...
482 * mod != 11, r/m = 100 - SIB byte exists
483 * mod = 00, SIB base = 101 - displacement field is 4 bytes
484 * mod = 00, r/m = 101 - rip-relative addressing, displacement
487 mod = X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value);
488 rm = X86_MODRM_RM(insn->modrm.value);
489 base = X86_SIB_BASE(insn->sib.value);
493 insn_field_set(&insn->displacement,
494 get_next(signed char, insn), 1);
495 } else if (insn->addr_bytes == 2) {
496 if ((mod == 0 && rm == 6) || mod == 2) {
497 insn_field_set(&insn->displacement,
498 get_next(short, insn), 2);
501 if ((mod == 0 && rm == 5) || mod == 2 ||
502 (mod == 0 && base == 5)) {
503 insn_field_set(&insn->displacement,
504 get_next(int, insn), 4);
509 insn->displacement.got = 1;
516 /* Decode moffset16/32/64. Return 0 if failed */
517 static int __get_moffset(struct insn *insn)
519 switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
521 insn_field_set(&insn->moffset1, get_next(short, insn), 2);
524 insn_field_set(&insn->moffset1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
527 insn_field_set(&insn->moffset1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
528 insn_field_set(&insn->moffset2, get_next(int, insn), 4);
530 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
533 insn->moffset1.got = insn->moffset2.got = 1;
541 /* Decode imm v32(Iz). Return 0 if failed */
542 static int __get_immv32(struct insn *insn)
544 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
546 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate, get_next(short, insn), 2);
550 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate, get_next(int, insn), 4);
552 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
562 /* Decode imm v64(Iv/Ov), Return 0 if failed */
563 static int __get_immv(struct insn *insn)
565 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
567 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(short, insn), 2);
570 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
571 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
574 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
575 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate2, get_next(int, insn), 4);
577 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
580 insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
587 /* Decode ptr16:16/32(Ap) */
588 static int __get_immptr(struct insn *insn)
590 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
592 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(short, insn), 2);
595 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
598 /* ptr16:64 is not exist (no segment) */
600 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
603 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate2, get_next(unsigned short, insn), 2);
604 insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
612 * insn_get_immediate() - Get the immediate in an instruction
613 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
615 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
616 * displacement bytes.
617 * Basically, most of immediates are sign-expanded. Unsigned-value can be
618 * computed by bit masking with ((1 << (nbytes * 8)) - 1)
624 int insn_get_immediate(struct insn *insn)
628 if (insn->immediate.got)
631 if (!insn->displacement.got) {
632 ret = insn_get_displacement(insn);
637 if (inat_has_moffset(insn->attr)) {
638 if (!__get_moffset(insn))
643 if (!inat_has_immediate(insn->attr))
647 switch (inat_immediate_size(insn->attr)) {
649 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate, get_next(signed char, insn), 1);
652 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate, get_next(short, insn), 2);
655 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate, get_next(int, insn), 4);
658 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate1, get_next(int, insn), 4);
659 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate2, get_next(int, insn), 4);
662 if (!__get_immptr(insn))
665 case INAT_IMM_VWORD32:
666 if (!__get_immv32(insn))
670 if (!__get_immv(insn))
674 /* Here, insn must have an immediate, but failed */
677 if (inat_has_second_immediate(insn->attr)) {
678 insn_field_set(&insn->immediate2, get_next(signed char, insn), 1);
681 insn->immediate.got = 1;
689 * insn_get_length() - Get the length of instruction
690 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
692 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
699 int insn_get_length(struct insn *insn)
706 if (!insn->immediate.got) {
707 ret = insn_get_immediate(insn);
712 insn->length = (unsigned char)((unsigned long)insn->next_byte
713 - (unsigned long)insn->kaddr);
718 /* Ensure this instruction is decoded completely */
719 static inline int insn_complete(struct insn *insn)
721 return insn->opcode.got && insn->modrm.got && insn->sib.got &&
722 insn->displacement.got && insn->immediate.got;
726 * insn_decode() - Decode an x86 instruction
727 * @insn: &struct insn to be initialized
728 * @kaddr: address (in kernel memory) of instruction (or copy thereof)
729 * @buf_len: length of the insn buffer at @kaddr
730 * @m: insn mode, see enum insn_mode
733 * 0: if decoding succeeded
736 int insn_decode(struct insn *insn, const void *kaddr, int buf_len, enum insn_mode m)
740 /* #define INSN_MODE_KERN -1 __ignore_sync_check__ mode is only valid in the kernel */
742 if (m == INSN_MODE_KERN)
743 insn_init(insn, kaddr, buf_len, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64));
745 insn_init(insn, kaddr, buf_len, m == INSN_MODE_64);
747 ret = insn_get_length(insn);
751 if (insn_complete(insn))