1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
7 * Memory region support
8 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
10 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
11 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
13 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
14 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
16 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
17 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
22 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
25 #include <linux/sched.h>
27 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
28 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
29 #include <linux/ioport.h>
30 #include <linux/acpi.h>
31 #include <linux/sfi.h>
32 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
33 #include <linux/initrd.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/export.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
54 #include <uapi/linux/mount.h>
56 #include <linux/errno.h>
57 #include <linux/kernel.h>
58 #include <linux/stddef.h>
59 #include <linux/unistd.h>
60 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
61 #include <linux/user.h>
62 #include <linux/delay.h>
64 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
65 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
66 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
67 #include <linux/ctype.h>
68 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
70 #include <linux/percpu.h>
71 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
72 #include <linux/tboot.h>
73 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
74 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
75 #include <linux/sizes.h>
77 #include <linux/usb/xhci-dbgp.h>
78 #include <video/edid.h>
82 #include <asm/realmode.h>
83 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
84 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
85 #include <asm/setup.h>
87 #include <asm/timer.h>
88 #include <asm/i8259.h>
89 #include <asm/sections.h>
90 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
92 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
93 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
94 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
95 #include <asm/processor.h>
97 #include <asm/kasan.h>
99 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
101 #include <asm/desc.h>
103 #include <asm/iommu.h>
104 #include <asm/gart.h>
105 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
106 #include <asm/proto.h>
108 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
109 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
110 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
112 #include <asm/percpu.h>
113 #include <asm/topology.h>
114 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
115 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
117 #include <asm/alternative.h>
118 #include <asm/prom.h>
119 #include <asm/microcode.h>
120 #include <asm/kaslr.h>
121 #include <asm/unwind.h>
124 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
125 * max_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
127 * The direct mapping only covers E820_TYPE_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
128 * represented by pfn_mapped
130 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
131 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
134 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
138 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
139 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
141 struct boot_params boot_params;
146 static struct resource data_resource = {
147 .name = "Kernel data",
150 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
153 static struct resource code_resource = {
154 .name = "Kernel code",
157 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
160 static struct resource bss_resource = {
161 .name = "Kernel bss",
164 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
169 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head_32.S */
170 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data;
172 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
173 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly;
174 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
176 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
178 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
179 unsigned int machine_id;
180 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
181 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
183 struct apm_info apm_info;
184 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
186 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
187 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
188 struct ist_info ist_info;
189 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
191 struct ist_info ist_info;
195 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly;
196 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
200 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
201 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init;
203 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init = X86_CR4_PAE;
206 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
207 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
212 struct screen_info screen_info;
213 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
214 struct edid_info edid_info;
215 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
217 extern int root_mountflags;
219 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
221 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
222 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
223 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
225 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
226 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
227 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
230 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
232 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
236 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
237 * from boot_params into a safe place.
240 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
242 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
243 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
244 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
245 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
246 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
249 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
254 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
256 size_t mask = align - 1;
259 BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
260 BUG_ON(align & mask);
262 _brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
263 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
265 ret = (void *)_brk_end;
268 memset(ret, 0, size);
274 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
279 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
281 if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
282 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
283 _brk_end - _brk_start);
285 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
290 u64 relocated_ramdisk;
292 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
294 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
296 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
298 ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
300 return ramdisk_image;
302 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
304 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
306 ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
311 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
313 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
314 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
315 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
316 u64 area_size = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
318 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
319 relocated_ramdisk = memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped),
320 area_size, PAGE_SIZE);
322 if (!relocated_ramdisk)
323 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
326 /* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
327 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
328 memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk, area_size);
329 initrd_start = relocated_ramdisk + PAGE_OFFSET;
330 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
331 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
332 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
334 copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start, ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size);
336 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
337 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
338 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
339 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
342 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
344 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
345 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
346 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
347 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
349 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
350 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
351 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
353 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
355 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
357 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
358 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
359 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
360 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
363 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
364 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
365 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
369 mapped_size = memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped);
370 if (ramdisk_size >= (mapped_size>>1))
371 panic("initrd too large to handle, "
372 "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
373 ramdisk_size, mapped_size>>1);
375 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
378 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
379 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
380 /* All are mapped, easy case */
381 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
382 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
388 memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
392 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
395 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
398 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
400 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
402 struct setup_data *data;
403 u64 pa_data, pa_next;
405 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
407 u32 data_len, data_type;
409 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
410 data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
411 data_type = data->type;
412 pa_next = data->next;
413 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
417 e820__memory_setup_extended(pa_data, data_len);
423 parse_efi_setup(pa_data, data_len);
432 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
434 struct setup_data *data;
437 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
439 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
440 memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
441 pa_data = data->next;
442 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
447 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
450 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
452 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
453 #define CRASH_ALIGN SZ_16M
456 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit.
458 * On 32 bits earlier kernels would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB
459 * due to mapping restrictions.
461 * On 64bit, kdump kernel need be restricted to be under 64TB, which is
462 * the upper limit of system RAM in 4-level paing mode. Since the kdump
463 * jumping could be from 5-level to 4-level, the jumping will fail if
464 * kernel is put above 64TB, and there's no way to detect the paging mode
465 * of the kernel which will be loaded for dumping during the 1st kernel
469 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_512M
470 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_512M
472 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_4G
473 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_64T
476 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
479 unsigned long long base, low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
480 unsigned long total_low_mem;
483 total_low_mem = memblock_mem_size(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT));
485 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
486 ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, total_low_mem, &low_size, &base);
489 * two parts from kernel/dma/swiotlb.c:
490 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
492 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
493 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
494 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
495 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
497 low_size = max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
499 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
504 low_base = memblock_find_in_range(0, 1ULL << 32, low_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
506 pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
507 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20));
511 ret = memblock_reserve(low_base, low_size);
513 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel low memblock.\n", __func__);
517 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
518 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
519 (unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
520 (unsigned long)(total_low_mem >> 20));
522 crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
523 crashk_low_res.end = low_base + low_size - 1;
524 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
529 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
531 unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base, total_mem;
535 total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
538 ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem, &crash_size, &crash_base);
539 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
540 /* crashkernel=X,high */
541 ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
542 &crash_size, &crash_base);
543 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
548 if (xen_pv_domain()) {
549 pr_info("Ignoring crashkernel for a Xen PV domain\n");
553 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
556 * Set CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX upper bound for crash memory,
557 * crashkernel=x,high reserves memory over 4G, also allocates
558 * 256M extra low memory for DMA buffers and swiotlb.
559 * But the extra memory is not required for all machines.
560 * So try low memory first and fall back to high memory
561 * unless "crashkernel=size[KMG],high" is specified.
564 crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN,
566 crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
568 crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN,
570 crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
572 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
576 unsigned long long start;
578 start = memblock_find_in_range(crash_base,
579 crash_base + crash_size,
580 crash_size, 1 << 20);
581 if (start != crash_base) {
582 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
586 ret = memblock_reserve(crash_base, crash_size);
588 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel memblock.\n", __func__);
592 if (crash_base >= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
593 memblock_free(crash_base, crash_size);
597 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
598 (unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
599 (unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
600 (unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
602 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
603 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
604 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
607 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
612 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
613 { .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
614 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
615 { .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
616 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
617 { .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
618 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
619 { .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
620 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
621 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
622 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
623 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
624 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
625 { .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
626 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
627 { .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
628 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
629 { .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
630 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
631 { .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
632 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
635 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
639 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
640 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
641 request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
645 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
647 unsigned long addr, size = 0;
649 addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
652 memblock_reserve(addr, size);
655 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
660 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
670 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
671 if (!early_pci_allowed())
674 vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
675 if (vendor != 0x8086)
678 devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
679 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
680 if (devid == snb_ids[i])
688 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
689 * them from allocation.
691 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
693 static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
702 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
705 printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
708 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
709 * already been reserved.
711 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
713 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
714 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
715 printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
721 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
722 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
723 * specific platforms.
725 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
727 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
732 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
735 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
736 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
737 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
739 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
740 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
741 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
743 e820__range_update(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
746 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
747 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
750 e820__range_remove(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1);
752 e820__update_table(e820_table);
755 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
756 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
758 u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
759 u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
762 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM and
763 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
764 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
765 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
766 * we will crash later anyways.
768 if (e820__mapped_all(start, start + size, E820_TYPE_RAM))
771 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM!\n");
772 e820__range_remove(start, size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 0);
773 e820__range_add(start, size, E820_TYPE_RAM);
776 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
778 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
780 unsigned long long size;
785 size = memparse(p, &p);
798 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
800 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
802 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
806 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
809 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
811 if (kaslr_enabled()) {
812 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
818 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
825 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
826 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
827 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
828 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
829 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
832 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
834 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
837 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
840 * Reserve the memory occupied by the kernel between _text and
841 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbols. Any kernel sections after the
842 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbol must be explicitly reserved with a
843 * separate memblock_reserve() or they will be discarded.
845 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
846 (unsigned long)__end_of_kernel_reserve - (unsigned long)_text);
849 * Make sure page 0 is always reserved because on systems with
850 * L1TF its contents can be leaked to user processes.
852 memblock_reserve(0, PAGE_SIZE);
854 early_reserve_initrd();
857 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
858 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
859 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
863 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
866 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
867 * to the proper swapper page table
869 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
870 initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
873 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
875 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
876 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
877 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
878 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
879 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
880 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
881 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
885 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
886 boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS;
890 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
891 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
895 idt_setup_early_traps();
897 arch_init_ideal_nops();
899 early_ioremap_init();
901 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
903 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
904 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
905 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
907 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
908 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
910 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
911 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
912 if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
913 bootloader_type &= 0xf;
914 bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
916 bootloader_version = bootloader_type & 0xf;
917 bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
919 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
920 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
921 rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
922 rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
925 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
926 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
927 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
928 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
929 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
930 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
931 set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &efi.flags);
935 x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
937 iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
938 e820__memory_setup();
943 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
944 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
945 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
946 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
947 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
948 init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
950 code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
951 code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
952 data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
953 data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
954 bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
955 bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
957 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
958 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
959 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
961 if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
962 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
963 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
964 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
965 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
970 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
971 *cmdline_p = command_line;
974 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
975 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
976 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
977 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
978 * to honor the respective command line option.
984 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
985 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
986 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
988 * Memory used by the kernel cannot be hot-removed because Linux
989 * cannot migrate the kernel pages. When memory hotplug is
990 * enabled, we should prevent memblock from allocating memory
993 * ACPI SRAT records all hotpluggable memory ranges. But before
994 * SRAT is parsed, we don't know about it.
996 * The kernel image is loaded into memory at very early time. We
997 * cannot prevent this anyway. So on NUMA system, we set any
998 * node the kernel resides in as un-hotpluggable.
1000 * Since on modern servers, one node could have double-digit
1001 * gigabytes memory, we can assume the memory around the kernel
1002 * image is also un-hotpluggable. So before SRAT is parsed, just
1003 * allocate memory near the kernel image to try the best to keep
1004 * the kernel away from hotpluggable memory.
1006 if (movable_node_is_enabled())
1007 memblock_set_bottom_up(true);
1012 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
1013 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
1015 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
1016 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
1019 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
1022 e820__reserve_setup_data();
1023 e820__finish_early_params();
1025 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1031 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1032 * needs to be done after dmi_setup(), for the boot CPU.
1034 init_hypervisor_platform();
1037 x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
1039 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1040 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
1041 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
1042 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
1044 e820_add_kernel_range();
1046 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1047 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1048 e820__range_update(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_TYPE_RAM,
1049 E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
1050 e820__update_table(e820_table);
1051 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1052 e820__print_table("bad_ppro");
1055 early_gart_iommu_check();
1059 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1060 * we are rounding upwards:
1062 max_pfn = e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1064 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1066 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1067 max_pfn = e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1069 max_possible_pfn = max_pfn;
1072 * This call is required when the CPU does not support PAT. If
1073 * mtrr_bp_init() invoked it already via pat_init() the call has no
1079 * Define random base addresses for memory sections after max_pfn is
1080 * defined and before each memory section base is used.
1082 kernel_randomize_memory();
1084 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1085 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1086 find_low_pfn_range();
1090 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1091 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1092 if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1093 max_low_pfn = e820__end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1095 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1097 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1101 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1105 reserve_ibft_region();
1107 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1110 * Need to conclude brk, before e820__memblock_setup()
1111 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1118 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
1119 e820__memblock_setup();
1121 reserve_bios_regions();
1123 if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP)) {
1129 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be
1130 * called after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1132 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1135 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1136 e820__memblock_alloc_reserved_mpc_new();
1138 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1139 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1142 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1143 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1144 (max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1147 reserve_real_mode();
1149 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1150 trim_low_memory_range();
1154 idt_setup_early_pf();
1157 * Update mmu_cr4_features (and, indirectly, trampoline_cr4_features)
1158 * with the current CR4 value. This may not be necessary, but
1159 * auditing all the early-boot CR4 manipulation would be needed to
1162 * Mask off features that don't work outside long mode (just
1165 mmu_cr4_features = __read_cr4() & ~X86_CR4_PCIDE;
1167 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1170 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1173 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1174 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1175 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1177 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1180 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT)) {
1181 switch (boot_params.secure_boot) {
1182 case efi_secureboot_mode_disabled:
1183 pr_info("Secure boot disabled\n");
1185 case efi_secureboot_mode_enabled:
1186 pr_info("Secure boot enabled\n");
1189 pr_info("Secure boot could not be determined\n");
1196 acpi_table_upgrade();
1202 early_platform_quirks();
1205 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1207 acpi_boot_table_init();
1209 early_acpi_boot_init();
1212 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
1215 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1216 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1218 reserve_crashkernel();
1220 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1222 if (!early_xdbc_setup_hardware())
1223 early_xdbc_register_console();
1225 x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1230 * Sync back kernel address range.
1232 * FIXME: Can the later sync in setup_cpu_entry_areas() replace
1235 sync_initial_page_table();
1241 generic_apic_probe();
1246 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1253 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1258 * Systems w/o ACPI and mptables might not have it mapped the local
1259 * APIC yet, but prefill_possible_map() might need to access it.
1261 init_apic_mappings();
1263 prefill_possible_map();
1267 io_apic_init_mappings();
1269 x86_init.hyper.guest_late_init();
1271 e820__reserve_resources();
1272 e820__register_nosave_regions(max_pfn);
1274 x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1276 e820__setup_pci_gap();
1279 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1280 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1281 conswitchp = &vga_con;
1282 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1283 conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1286 x86_init.oem.banner();
1288 x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1292 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1295 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1296 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1302 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1304 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1305 .name = "Video RAM area",
1308 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1311 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1313 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1314 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1317 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1319 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier = {
1320 .notifier_call = dump_kernel_offset
1323 static int __init register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1325 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
1326 &kernel_offset_notifier);
1329 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper);