1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
5 * Created by: Hariprasad Nellitheertha (hari@in.ibm.com)
7 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
8 * Copyright (C) Red Hat Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
10 * Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
14 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt
16 #include <linux/types.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/smp.h>
19 #include <linux/reboot.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/delay.h>
22 #include <linux/elf.h>
23 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
24 #include <linux/export.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
27 #include <linux/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/processor.h>
30 #include <asm/hardirq.h>
32 #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
34 #include <asm/e820/types.h>
35 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
37 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
39 #include <asm/reboot.h>
40 #include <asm/virtext.h>
41 #include <asm/intel_pt.h>
42 #include <asm/crash.h>
43 #include <asm/cmdline.h>
45 /* Used while preparing memory map entries for second kernel */
46 struct crash_memmap_data {
47 struct boot_params *params;
53 * This is used to VMCLEAR all VMCSs loaded on the
54 * processor. And when loading kvm_intel module, the
55 * callback function pointer will be assigned.
59 crash_vmclear_fn __rcu *crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss = NULL;
60 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss);
62 static inline void cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss(void)
64 crash_vmclear_fn *do_vmclear_operation = NULL;
67 do_vmclear_operation = rcu_dereference(crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss);
68 if (do_vmclear_operation)
69 do_vmclear_operation();
73 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
75 static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct pt_regs *regs)
77 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
80 * VMCLEAR VMCSs loaded on all cpus if needed.
82 cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss();
84 /* Disable VMX or SVM if needed.
86 * We need to disable virtualization on all CPUs.
87 * Having VMX or SVM enabled on any CPU may break rebooting
88 * after the kdump kernel has finished its task.
90 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
91 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
94 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
96 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
101 void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
103 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
105 disable_local_APIC();
108 /* Override the weak function in kernel/panic.c */
109 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
111 static int cpus_stopped;
116 if (smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus)
117 smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus();
125 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
127 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
131 void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
133 /* This function is only called after the system
134 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
135 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
136 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
138 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
141 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
144 crash_smp_send_stop();
147 * VMCLEAR VMCSs loaded on this cpu if needed.
149 cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss();
151 /* Booting kdump kernel with VMX or SVM enabled won't work,
152 * because (among other limitations) we can't disable paging
153 * with the virt flags.
155 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
156 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
159 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
161 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
163 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
164 /* Prevent crash_kexec() from deadlocking on ioapic_lock. */
169 restore_boot_irq_mode();
170 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
173 crash_save_cpu(regs, safe_smp_processor_id());
176 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
178 static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
180 unsigned int *nr_ranges = arg;
186 /* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
187 static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
189 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
190 struct crash_mem *cmem;
192 walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
197 * Exclusion of crash region and/or crashk_low_res may cause
198 * another range split. So add extra two slots here.
201 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
205 cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
212 * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
213 * might lead to split and split ranges are put in cmem->ranges[] array
215 static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
219 /* Exclude the low 1M because it is always reserved */
220 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, (1<<20)-1);
224 /* Exclude crashkernel region */
225 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
229 if (crashk_low_res.end)
230 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start,
236 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
238 struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
240 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = res->start;
241 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].end = res->end;
247 /* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
248 static int prepare_elf_headers(struct kimage *image, void **addr,
251 struct crash_mem *cmem;
254 cmem = fill_up_crash_elf_data();
258 ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
262 /* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
263 ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(cmem);
267 /* By default prepare 64bit headers */
268 ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), addr, sz);
275 static int add_e820_entry(struct boot_params *params, struct e820_entry *entry)
277 unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
279 nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
280 if (nr_e820_entries >= E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
283 memcpy(¶ms->e820_table[nr_e820_entries], entry, sizeof(struct e820_entry));
284 params->e820_entries++;
288 static int memmap_entry_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
290 struct crash_memmap_data *cmd = arg;
291 struct boot_params *params = cmd->params;
292 struct e820_entry ei;
294 ei.addr = res->start;
295 ei.size = resource_size(res);
297 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
302 static int memmap_exclude_ranges(struct kimage *image, struct crash_mem *cmem,
303 unsigned long long mstart,
304 unsigned long long mend)
306 unsigned long start, end;
308 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
309 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
312 /* Exclude elf header region */
313 start = image->elf_load_addr;
314 end = start + image->elf_headers_sz - 1;
315 return crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
318 /* Prepare memory map for crash dump kernel */
319 int crash_setup_memmap_entries(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params)
323 struct e820_entry ei;
324 struct crash_memmap_data cmd;
325 struct crash_mem *cmem;
327 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, 1));
331 memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct crash_memmap_data));
335 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
336 flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
337 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_NONE, flags, 0, (1<<20)-1, &cmd,
338 memmap_entry_callback);
340 /* Add ACPI tables */
341 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_ACPI;
342 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
343 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
344 memmap_entry_callback);
346 /* Add ACPI Non-volatile Storage */
347 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_NVS;
348 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
349 memmap_entry_callback);
351 /* Add e820 reserved ranges */
352 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RESERVED;
353 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
354 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_RESERVED, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
355 memmap_entry_callback);
357 /* Add crashk_low_res region */
358 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
359 ei.addr = crashk_low_res.start;
360 ei.size = resource_size(&crashk_low_res);
361 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
362 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
365 /* Exclude some ranges from crashk_res and add rest to memmap */
366 ret = memmap_exclude_ranges(image, cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
370 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
371 ei.size = cmem->ranges[i].end - cmem->ranges[i].start + 1;
373 /* If entry is less than a page, skip it */
374 if (ei.size < PAGE_SIZE)
376 ei.addr = cmem->ranges[i].start;
377 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
378 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
386 int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
389 struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = 0,
390 .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = false };
392 /* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
393 ret = prepare_elf_headers(image, &kbuf.buffer, &kbuf.bufsz);
397 image->elf_headers = kbuf.buffer;
398 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.bufsz;
400 kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
401 kbuf.buf_align = ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN;
402 kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
403 ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
405 vfree((void *)image->elf_headers);
408 image->elf_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
409 pr_debug("Loaded ELF headers at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
410 image->elf_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.bufsz);
414 #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */