1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 * Based on bootsect.S and setup.S
8 * modified by more people than can be counted
10 * Rewritten as a common file by H. Peter Anvin (Apr 2007)
12 * BIG FAT NOTE: We're in real mode using 64k segments. Therefore segment
13 * addresses must be multiplied by 16 to obtain their respective linear
14 * addresses. To avoid confusion, linear addresses are written using leading
15 * hex while segment addresses are written as segment:offset.
19 #include <asm/segment.h>
21 #include <asm/page_types.h>
22 #include <asm/setup.h>
23 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
28 BOOTSEG = 0x07C0 /* original address of boot-sector */
29 SYSSEG = 0x1000 /* historical load address >> 4 */
32 #define SVGA_MODE ASK_VGA
40 .section ".bstext", "ax"
42 .global bootsect_start
44 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
49 # Normalize the start address
50 ljmp $BOOTSEG, $start2
61 movw $bugger_off_msg, %si
73 # Allow the user to press a key, then reboot
78 # int 0x19 should never return. In case it does anyway,
79 # invoke the BIOS reset code...
82 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
85 # Offset to the PE header.
88 #endif /* CONFIG_EFI_STUB */
90 .section ".bsdata", "a"
92 .ascii "Use a boot loader.\r\n"
94 .ascii "Remove disk and press any key to reboot...\r\n"
97 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
103 .set image_file_add_flags, IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE
104 .set pe_opt_magic, PE_OPT_MAGIC_PE32
105 .word IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386
107 .set image_file_add_flags, 0
108 .set pe_opt_magic, PE_OPT_MAGIC_PE32PLUS
109 .word IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64
111 .word section_count # nr_sections
112 .long 0 # TimeDateStamp
113 .long 0 # PointerToSymbolTable
114 .long 1 # NumberOfSymbols
115 .word section_table - optional_header # SizeOfOptionalHeader
116 .word IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE | \
117 image_file_add_flags | \
118 IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED | \
119 IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED # Characteristics
123 .byte 0x02 # MajorLinkerVersion
124 .byte 0x14 # MinorLinkerVersion
126 # Filled in by build.c
129 .long 0 # SizeOfInitializedData
130 .long 0 # SizeOfUninitializedData
132 # Filled in by build.c
133 .long 0x0000 # AddressOfEntryPoint
135 .long 0x0200 # BaseOfCode
146 .long 0x20 # SectionAlignment
147 .long 0x20 # FileAlignment
148 .word 0 # MajorOperatingSystemVersion
149 .word 0 # MinorOperatingSystemVersion
150 .word 0 # MajorImageVersion
151 .word 0 # MinorImageVersion
152 .word 0 # MajorSubsystemVersion
153 .word 0 # MinorSubsystemVersion
154 .long 0 # Win32VersionValue
157 # The size of the bzImage is written in tools/build.c
159 .long 0 # SizeOfImage
161 .long 0x200 # SizeOfHeaders
163 .word IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION # Subsystem (EFI application)
164 .word 0 # DllCharacteristics
166 .long 0 # SizeOfStackReserve
167 .long 0 # SizeOfStackCommit
168 .long 0 # SizeOfHeapReserve
169 .long 0 # SizeOfHeapCommit
171 .quad 0 # SizeOfStackReserve
172 .quad 0 # SizeOfStackCommit
173 .quad 0 # SizeOfHeapReserve
174 .quad 0 # SizeOfHeapCommit
176 .long 0 # LoaderFlags
177 .long (section_table - .) / 8 # NumberOfRvaAndSizes
179 .quad 0 # ExportTable
180 .quad 0 # ImportTable
181 .quad 0 # ResourceTable
182 .quad 0 # ExceptionTable
183 .quad 0 # CertificationTable
184 .quad 0 # BaseRelocationTable
189 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
195 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
196 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
198 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
199 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
200 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
201 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
202 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
203 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | \
204 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
205 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | \
206 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES # Characteristics
209 # The EFI application loader requires a relocation section
210 # because EFI applications must be relocatable. The .reloc
211 # offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
218 .long 0 # SizeOfRawData
219 .long 0 # PointerToRawData
220 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
221 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
222 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
223 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
224 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | \
225 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
226 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | \
227 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES # Characteristics
229 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
231 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
236 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
239 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
240 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
241 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
242 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
243 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | \
244 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
245 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | \
246 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES # Characteristics
250 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
257 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
258 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
260 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
261 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
262 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
263 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
264 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
265 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | \
266 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
267 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | \
268 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES # Characteristics
270 .set section_count, (. - section_table) / 40
271 #endif /* CONFIG_EFI_STUB */
273 # Kernel attributes; used by setup. This is part 1 of the
274 # header, from the old boot sector.
276 .section ".header", "a"
278 sentinel: .byte 0xff, 0xff /* Used to detect broken loaders */
282 setup_sects: .byte 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
283 root_flags: .word ROOT_RDONLY
284 syssize: .long 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
285 ram_size: .word 0 /* Obsolete */
286 vid_mode: .word SVGA_MODE
287 root_dev: .word 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
288 boot_flag: .word 0xAA55
290 # offset 512, entry point
294 # Explicitly enter this as bytes, or the assembler
295 # tries to generate a 3-byte jump here, which causes
296 # everything else to push off to the wrong offset.
297 .byte 0xeb # short (2-byte) jump
298 .byte start_of_setup-1f
301 # Part 2 of the header, from the old setup.S
303 .ascii "HdrS" # header signature
304 .word 0x020f # header version number (>= 0x0105)
305 # or else old loadlin-1.5 will fail)
306 .globl realmode_swtch
307 realmode_swtch: .word 0, 0 # default_switch, SETUPSEG
308 start_sys_seg: .word SYSSEG # obsolete and meaningless, but just
309 # in case something decided to "use" it
310 .word kernel_version-512 # pointing to kernel version string
311 # above section of header is compatible
312 # with loadlin-1.5 (header v1.5). Don't
315 type_of_loader: .byte 0 # 0 means ancient bootloader, newer
316 # bootloaders know to change this.
317 # See Documentation/x86/boot.rst for
320 # flags, unused bits must be zero (RFU) bit within loadflags
322 .byte LOADED_HIGH # The kernel is to be loaded high
324 setup_move_size: .word 0x8000 # size to move, when setup is not
325 # loaded at 0x90000. We will move setup
326 # to 0x90000 then just before jumping
327 # into the kernel. However, only the
328 # loader knows how much data behind
329 # us also needs to be loaded.
331 code32_start: # here loaders can put a different
332 # start address for 32-bit code.
333 .long 0x100000 # 0x100000 = default for big kernel
335 ramdisk_image: .long 0 # address of loaded ramdisk image
336 # Here the loader puts the 32-bit
337 # address where it loaded the image.
338 # This only will be read by the kernel.
340 ramdisk_size: .long 0 # its size in bytes
345 heap_end_ptr: .word _end+STACK_SIZE-512
346 # (Header version 0x0201 or later)
347 # space from here (exclusive) down to
348 # end of setup code can be used by setup
349 # for local heap purposes.
352 .byte 0 # Extended boot loader version
354 .byte 0 # Extended boot loader type
356 cmd_line_ptr: .long 0 # (Header version 0x0202 or later)
357 # If nonzero, a 32-bit pointer
358 # to the kernel command line.
359 # The command line should be
360 # located between the start of
361 # setup and the end of low
362 # memory (0xa0000), or it may
363 # get overwritten before it
364 # gets read. If this field is
365 # used, there is no longer
366 # anything magical about the
367 # 0x90000 segment; the setup
368 # can be located anywhere in
369 # low memory 0x10000 or higher.
371 initrd_addr_max: .long 0x7fffffff
372 # (Header version 0x0203 or later)
373 # The highest safe address for
374 # the contents of an initrd
375 # The current kernel allows up to 4 GB,
376 # but leave it at 2 GB to avoid
377 # possible bootloader bugs.
379 kernel_alignment: .long CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN #physical addr alignment
380 #required for protected mode
382 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
383 relocatable_kernel: .byte 1
385 relocatable_kernel: .byte 0
387 min_alignment: .byte MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN_LG2 # minimum alignment
391 # define XLF0 XLF_KERNEL_64 /* 64-bit kernel */
396 #if defined(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE) && defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
397 /* kernel/boot_param/ramdisk could be loaded above 4g */
398 # define XLF1 XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G
403 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
404 # ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
405 # define XLF23 (XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32|XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64)
407 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
408 # define XLF23 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64 /* 64-bit EFI handover ok */
410 # define XLF23 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32 /* 32-bit EFI handover ok */
417 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(CONFIG_EFI) && defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE)
418 # define XLF4 XLF_EFI_KEXEC
424 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
425 #define XLF56 (XLF_5LEVEL|XLF_5LEVEL_ENABLED)
427 #define XLF56 XLF_5LEVEL
433 .word XLF0 | XLF1 | XLF23 | XLF4 | XLF56
435 cmdline_size: .long COMMAND_LINE_SIZE-1 #length of the command line,
436 #added with boot protocol
439 hardware_subarch: .long 0 # subarchitecture, added with 2.07
440 # default to 0 for normal x86 PC
442 hardware_subarch_data: .quad 0
444 payload_offset: .long ZO_input_data
445 payload_length: .long ZO_z_input_len
447 setup_data: .quad 0 # 64-bit physical pointer to
448 # single linked list of
451 pref_address: .quad LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR # preferred load addr
454 # Getting to provably safe in-place decompression is hard. Worst case
455 # behaviours need to be analyzed. Here let's take the decompression of
456 # a gzip-compressed kernel as example, to illustrate it:
458 # The file layout of gzip compressed kernel is:
466 # compressed data blocks[N]
469 # ... resulting in +18 bytes overhead of uncompressed data.
471 # (For more information, please refer to RFC 1951 and RFC 1952.)
473 # Files divided into blocks
474 # 1 bit (last block flag)
475 # 2 bits (block type)
477 # 1 block occurs every 32K -1 bytes or when there 50% compression
478 # has been achieved. The smallest block type encoding is always used.
481 # 32 bits length in bytes.
488 # dynamic tree encoding.
492 # The buffer for decompression in place is the length of the uncompressed
493 # data, plus a small amount extra to keep the algorithm safe. The
494 # compressed data is placed at the end of the buffer. The output pointer
495 # is placed at the start of the buffer and the input pointer is placed
496 # where the compressed data starts. Problems will occur when the output
497 # pointer overruns the input pointer.
499 # The output pointer can only overrun the input pointer if the input
500 # pointer is moving faster than the output pointer. A condition only
501 # triggered by data whose compressed form is larger than the uncompressed
504 # The worst case at the block level is a growth of the compressed data
505 # of 5 bytes per 32767 bytes.
507 # The worst case internal to a compressed block is very hard to figure.
508 # The worst case can at least be bounded by having one bit that represents
509 # 32764 bytes and then all of the rest of the bytes representing the very
512 # All of which is enough to compute an amount of extra data that is required
513 # to be safe. To avoid problems at the block level allocating 5 extra bytes
514 # per 32767 bytes of data is sufficient. To avoid problems internal to a
515 # block adding an extra 32767 bytes (the worst case uncompressed block size)
516 # is sufficient, to ensure that in the worst case the decompressed data for
517 # block will stop the byte before the compressed data for a block begins.
518 # To avoid problems with the compressed data's meta information an extra 18
519 # bytes are needed. Leading to the formula:
521 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 32768 + 18
523 # Adding 8 bytes per 32K is a bit excessive but much easier to calculate.
524 # Adding 32768 instead of 32767 just makes for round numbers.
526 # Above analysis is for decompressing gzip compressed kernel only. Up to
527 # now 6 different decompressor are supported all together. And among them
528 # xz stores data in chunks and has maximum chunk of 64K. Hence safety
529 # margin should be updated to cover all decompressors so that we don't
530 # need to deal with each of them separately. Please check
531 # the description in lib/decompressor_xxx.c for specific information.
533 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 65536 + 128
535 # LZ4 is even worse: data that cannot be further compressed grows by 0.4%,
536 # or one byte per 256 bytes. OTOH, we can safely get rid of the +128 as
537 # the size-dependent part now grows so fast.
539 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 8) + 65536
541 #define ZO_z_extra_bytes ((ZO_z_output_len >> 8) + 65536)
542 #if ZO_z_output_len > ZO_z_input_len
543 # define ZO_z_extract_offset (ZO_z_output_len + ZO_z_extra_bytes - \
546 # define ZO_z_extract_offset ZO_z_extra_bytes
550 * The extract_offset has to be bigger than ZO head section. Otherwise when
551 * the head code is running to move ZO to the end of the buffer, it will
552 * overwrite the head code itself.
554 #if (ZO__ehead - ZO_startup_32) > ZO_z_extract_offset
555 # define ZO_z_min_extract_offset ((ZO__ehead - ZO_startup_32 + 4095) & ~4095)
557 # define ZO_z_min_extract_offset ((ZO_z_extract_offset + 4095) & ~4095)
560 #define ZO_INIT_SIZE (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_min_extract_offset)
562 #define VO_INIT_SIZE (VO__end - VO__text)
563 #if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
564 # define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
566 # define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
569 init_size: .long INIT_SIZE # kernel initialization size
570 handover_offset: .long 0 # Filled in by build.c
571 kernel_info_offset: .long 0 # Filled in by build.c
573 # End of setup header #####################################################
575 .section ".entrytext", "ax"
582 # Apparently some ancient versions of LILO invoked the kernel with %ss != %ds,
583 # which happened to work by accident for the old code. Recalculate the stack
584 # pointer if %ss is invalid. Otherwise leave it alone, LOADLIN sets up the
585 # stack behind its own code, so we can't blindly put it directly past the heap.
588 cmpw %ax, %dx # %ds == %ss?
590 je 2f # -> assume %sp is reasonably set
592 # Invalid %ss, make up a new stack
594 testb $CAN_USE_HEAP, loadflags
596 movw heap_end_ptr, %dx
597 1: addw $STACK_SIZE, %dx
599 xorw %dx, %dx # Prevent wraparound
601 2: # Now %dx should point to the end of our stack space
602 andw $~3, %dx # dword align (might as well...)
604 movw $0xfffc, %dx # Make sure we're not zero
606 movzwl %dx, %esp # Clear upper half of %esp
607 sti # Now we should have a working stack
609 # We will have entered with %cs = %ds+0x20, normalize %cs so
610 # it is on par with the other segments.
616 # Check signature at end of setup
617 cmpl $0x5a5aaa55, setup_sig
621 movw $__bss_start, %di
628 # Jump to C code (should not return)
631 # Setup corrupt somehow...
633 movl $setup_corrupt, %eax
645 .section ".initdata", "a"
648 .string "No setup signature found...\n"