1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (C) 2012 Regents of the University of California
4 * Copyright (C) 2019 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
5 * Copyright (C) 2020 FORTH-ICS/CARV
6 * Nick Kossifidis <mick@ics.forth.gr>
9 #include <linux/init.h>
11 #include <linux/memblock.h>
12 #include <linux/initrd.h>
13 #include <linux/swap.h>
14 #include <linux/swiotlb.h>
15 #include <linux/sizes.h>
16 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
17 #include <linux/of_reserved_mem.h>
18 #include <linux/libfdt.h>
19 #include <linux/set_memory.h>
20 #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
21 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
22 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
23 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
24 #include <linux/elf.h>
26 #include <linux/kfence.h>
28 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
31 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
32 #include <asm/ptdump.h>
33 #include <asm/sections.h>
35 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
37 #include "../kernel/head.h"
39 struct kernel_mapping kernel_map __ro_after_init;
40 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_map);
41 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
42 #define kernel_map (*(struct kernel_mapping *)XIP_FIXUP(&kernel_map))
46 u64 satp_mode __ro_after_init = !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL) ? SATP_MODE_57 : SATP_MODE_39;
48 u64 satp_mode __ro_after_init = SATP_MODE_32;
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(satp_mode);
52 bool pgtable_l4_enabled = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL);
53 bool pgtable_l5_enabled = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL);
54 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgtable_l4_enabled);
55 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgtable_l5_enabled);
57 phys_addr_t phys_ram_base __ro_after_init;
58 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_ram_base);
60 unsigned long empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)]
62 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);
65 void *_dtb_early_va __initdata;
66 uintptr_t _dtb_early_pa __initdata;
68 static phys_addr_t dma32_phys_limit __initdata;
70 static void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
72 unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { 0, };
74 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
75 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit);
77 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_low_pfn;
79 free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
82 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM)
84 #define LOG2_SZ_1K ilog2(SZ_1K)
85 #define LOG2_SZ_1M ilog2(SZ_1M)
86 #define LOG2_SZ_1G ilog2(SZ_1G)
87 #define LOG2_SZ_1T ilog2(SZ_1T)
89 static inline void print_mlk(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
91 pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n", name, b, t,
92 (((t) - (b)) >> LOG2_SZ_1K));
95 static inline void print_mlm(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
97 pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n", name, b, t,
98 (((t) - (b)) >> LOG2_SZ_1M));
101 static inline void print_mlg(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
103 pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld GB)\n", name, b, t,
104 (((t) - (b)) >> LOG2_SZ_1G));
108 static inline void print_mlt(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
110 pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld TB)\n", name, b, t,
111 (((t) - (b)) >> LOG2_SZ_1T));
114 #define print_mlt(n, b, t) do {} while (0)
117 static inline void print_ml(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
119 unsigned long diff = t - b;
121 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && (diff >> LOG2_SZ_1T) >= 10)
122 print_mlt(name, b, t);
123 else if ((diff >> LOG2_SZ_1G) >= 10)
124 print_mlg(name, b, t);
125 else if ((diff >> LOG2_SZ_1M) >= 10)
126 print_mlm(name, b, t);
128 print_mlk(name, b, t);
131 static void __init print_vm_layout(void)
133 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n");
134 print_ml("fixmap", (unsigned long)FIXADDR_START,
135 (unsigned long)FIXADDR_TOP);
136 print_ml("pci io", (unsigned long)PCI_IO_START,
137 (unsigned long)PCI_IO_END);
138 print_ml("vmemmap", (unsigned long)VMEMMAP_START,
139 (unsigned long)VMEMMAP_END);
140 print_ml("vmalloc", (unsigned long)VMALLOC_START,
141 (unsigned long)VMALLOC_END);
143 print_ml("modules", (unsigned long)MODULES_VADDR,
144 (unsigned long)MODULES_END);
146 print_ml("lowmem", (unsigned long)PAGE_OFFSET,
147 (unsigned long)high_memory);
148 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
150 print_ml("kasan", KASAN_SHADOW_START, KASAN_SHADOW_END);
153 print_ml("kernel", (unsigned long)kernel_map.virt_addr,
154 (unsigned long)ADDRESS_SPACE_END);
158 static void print_vm_layout(void) { }
159 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */
161 void __init mem_init(void)
163 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
165 #endif /* CONFIG_FLATMEM */
167 swiotlb_init(max_pfn > PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit), SWIOTLB_VERBOSE);
173 /* Limit the memory size via mem. */
174 static phys_addr_t memory_limit;
176 static int __init early_mem(char *p)
183 size = memparse(p, &p) & PAGE_MASK;
184 memory_limit = min_t(u64, size, memory_limit);
186 pr_notice("Memory limited to %lldMB\n", (u64)memory_limit >> 20);
190 early_param("mem", early_mem);
192 static void __init setup_bootmem(void)
194 phys_addr_t vmlinux_end = __pa_symbol(&_end);
195 phys_addr_t max_mapped_addr;
196 phys_addr_t phys_ram_end, vmlinux_start;
198 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL))
199 vmlinux_start = __pa_symbol(&_sdata);
201 vmlinux_start = __pa_symbol(&_start);
203 memblock_enforce_memory_limit(memory_limit);
206 * Make sure we align the reservation on PMD_SIZE since we will
207 * map the kernel in the linear mapping as read-only: we do not want
208 * any allocation to happen between _end and the next pmd aligned page.
210 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX))
211 vmlinux_end = (vmlinux_end + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
213 * Reserve from the start of the kernel to the end of the kernel
215 memblock_reserve(vmlinux_start, vmlinux_end - vmlinux_start);
217 phys_ram_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
220 * Make sure we align the start of the memory on a PMD boundary so that
221 * at worst, we map the linear mapping with PMD mappings.
223 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL))
224 phys_ram_base = memblock_start_of_DRAM() & PMD_MASK;
227 * In 64-bit, any use of __va/__pa before this point is wrong as we
228 * did not know the start of DRAM before.
230 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
231 kernel_map.va_pa_offset = PAGE_OFFSET - phys_ram_base;
234 * memblock allocator is not aware of the fact that last 4K bytes of
235 * the addressable memory can not be mapped because of IS_ERR_VALUE
236 * macro. Make sure that last 4k bytes are not usable by memblock
237 * if end of dram is equal to maximum addressable memory. For 64-bit
238 * kernel, this problem can't happen here as the end of the virtual
239 * address space is occupied by the kernel mapping then this check must
240 * be done as soon as the kernel mapping base address is determined.
242 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
243 max_mapped_addr = __pa(~(ulong)0);
244 if (max_mapped_addr == (phys_ram_end - 1))
245 memblock_set_current_limit(max_mapped_addr - 4096);
248 min_low_pfn = PFN_UP(phys_ram_base);
249 max_low_pfn = max_pfn = PFN_DOWN(phys_ram_end);
250 high_memory = (void *)(__va(PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn)));
252 dma32_phys_limit = min(4UL * SZ_1G, (unsigned long)PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn));
253 set_max_mapnr(max_low_pfn - ARCH_PFN_OFFSET);
255 reserve_initrd_mem();
258 * No allocation should be done before reserving the memory as defined
259 * in the device tree, otherwise the allocation could end up in a
262 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
265 * If DTB is built in, no need to reserve its memblock.
266 * Otherwise, do reserve it but avoid using
267 * early_init_fdt_reserve_self() since __pa() does
268 * not work for DTB pointers that are fixmap addresses
270 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB))
271 memblock_reserve(dtb_early_pa, fdt_totalsize(dtb_early_va));
273 dma_contiguous_reserve(dma32_phys_limit);
274 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
275 hugetlb_cma_reserve(PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
279 struct pt_alloc_ops pt_ops __initdata;
281 pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __page_aligned_bss;
282 pgd_t trampoline_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __page_aligned_bss;
283 static pte_t fixmap_pte[PTRS_PER_PTE] __page_aligned_bss;
285 pgd_t early_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
287 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
288 #define pt_ops (*(struct pt_alloc_ops *)XIP_FIXUP(&pt_ops))
289 #define trampoline_pg_dir ((pgd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pg_dir))
290 #define fixmap_pte ((pte_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pte))
291 #define early_pg_dir ((pgd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pg_dir))
292 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
294 static const pgprot_t protection_map[16] = {
295 [VM_NONE] = PAGE_NONE,
296 [VM_READ] = PAGE_READ,
297 [VM_WRITE] = PAGE_COPY,
298 [VM_WRITE | VM_READ] = PAGE_COPY,
299 [VM_EXEC] = PAGE_EXEC,
300 [VM_EXEC | VM_READ] = PAGE_READ_EXEC,
301 [VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE] = PAGE_COPY_EXEC,
302 [VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ] = PAGE_COPY_EXEC,
303 [VM_SHARED] = PAGE_NONE,
304 [VM_SHARED | VM_READ] = PAGE_READ,
305 [VM_SHARED | VM_WRITE] = PAGE_SHARED,
306 [VM_SHARED | VM_WRITE | VM_READ] = PAGE_SHARED,
307 [VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC] = PAGE_EXEC,
308 [VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_READ] = PAGE_READ_EXEC,
309 [VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE] = PAGE_SHARED_EXEC,
310 [VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ] = PAGE_SHARED_EXEC
312 DECLARE_VM_GET_PAGE_PROT
314 void __set_fixmap(enum fixed_addresses idx, phys_addr_t phys, pgprot_t prot)
316 unsigned long addr = __fix_to_virt(idx);
319 BUG_ON(idx <= FIX_HOLE || idx >= __end_of_fixed_addresses);
321 ptep = &fixmap_pte[pte_index(addr)];
323 if (pgprot_val(prot))
324 set_pte(ptep, pfn_pte(phys >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot));
326 pte_clear(&init_mm, addr, ptep);
327 local_flush_tlb_page(addr);
330 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
332 return (pte_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
335 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
337 clear_fixmap(FIX_PTE);
338 return (pte_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PTE, pa);
341 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
343 return (pte_t *) __va(pa);
346 static inline phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_early(uintptr_t va)
349 * We only create PMD or PGD early mappings so we
350 * should never reach here with MMU disabled.
355 static inline phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
357 return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
360 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_late(uintptr_t va)
362 struct ptdesc *ptdesc = pagetable_alloc(GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM, 0);
364 BUG_ON(!ptdesc || !pagetable_pte_ctor(ptdesc));
365 return __pa((pte_t *)ptdesc_address(ptdesc));
368 static void __init create_pte_mapping(pte_t *ptep,
369 uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
370 phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
372 uintptr_t pte_idx = pte_index(va);
374 BUG_ON(sz != PAGE_SIZE);
376 if (pte_none(ptep[pte_idx]))
377 ptep[pte_idx] = pfn_pte(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
380 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
382 static pmd_t trampoline_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __page_aligned_bss;
383 static pmd_t fixmap_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __page_aligned_bss;
384 static pmd_t early_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
386 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
387 #define trampoline_pmd ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pmd))
388 #define fixmap_pmd ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pmd))
389 #define early_pmd ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pmd))
390 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
392 static p4d_t trampoline_p4d[PTRS_PER_P4D] __page_aligned_bss;
393 static p4d_t fixmap_p4d[PTRS_PER_P4D] __page_aligned_bss;
394 static p4d_t early_p4d[PTRS_PER_P4D] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
396 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
397 #define trampoline_p4d ((p4d_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_p4d))
398 #define fixmap_p4d ((p4d_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_p4d))
399 #define early_p4d ((p4d_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_p4d))
400 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
402 static pud_t trampoline_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
403 static pud_t fixmap_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
404 static pud_t early_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
406 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
407 #define trampoline_pud ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pud))
408 #define fixmap_pud ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pud))
409 #define early_pud ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pud))
410 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
412 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
414 /* Before MMU is enabled */
415 return (pmd_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
418 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
420 clear_fixmap(FIX_PMD);
421 return (pmd_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PMD, pa);
424 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
426 return (pmd_t *) __va(pa);
429 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_early(uintptr_t va)
431 BUG_ON((va - kernel_map.virt_addr) >> PUD_SHIFT);
433 return (uintptr_t)early_pmd;
436 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
438 return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
441 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_late(uintptr_t va)
443 struct ptdesc *ptdesc = pagetable_alloc(GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM, 0);
445 BUG_ON(!ptdesc || !pagetable_pmd_ctor(ptdesc));
446 return __pa((pmd_t *)ptdesc_address(ptdesc));
449 static void __init create_pmd_mapping(pmd_t *pmdp,
450 uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
451 phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
454 phys_addr_t pte_phys;
455 uintptr_t pmd_idx = pmd_index(va);
457 if (sz == PMD_SIZE) {
458 if (pmd_none(pmdp[pmd_idx]))
459 pmdp[pmd_idx] = pfn_pmd(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
463 if (pmd_none(pmdp[pmd_idx])) {
464 pte_phys = pt_ops.alloc_pte(va);
465 pmdp[pmd_idx] = pfn_pmd(PFN_DOWN(pte_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
466 ptep = pt_ops.get_pte_virt(pte_phys);
467 memset(ptep, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
469 pte_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pmd_pfn(pmdp[pmd_idx]));
470 ptep = pt_ops.get_pte_virt(pte_phys);
473 create_pte_mapping(ptep, va, pa, sz, prot);
476 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
478 return (pud_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
481 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
483 clear_fixmap(FIX_PUD);
484 return (pud_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PUD, pa);
487 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
489 return (pud_t *)__va(pa);
492 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pud_early(uintptr_t va)
494 /* Only one PUD is available for early mapping */
495 BUG_ON((va - kernel_map.virt_addr) >> PGDIR_SHIFT);
497 return (uintptr_t)early_pud;
500 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pud_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
502 return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
505 static phys_addr_t alloc_pud_late(uintptr_t va)
509 vaddr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
514 static p4d_t *__init get_p4d_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
516 return (p4d_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
519 static p4d_t *__init get_p4d_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
521 clear_fixmap(FIX_P4D);
522 return (p4d_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_P4D, pa);
525 static p4d_t *__init get_p4d_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
527 return (p4d_t *)__va(pa);
530 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_p4d_early(uintptr_t va)
532 /* Only one P4D is available for early mapping */
533 BUG_ON((va - kernel_map.virt_addr) >> PGDIR_SHIFT);
535 return (uintptr_t)early_p4d;
538 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_p4d_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
540 return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
543 static phys_addr_t alloc_p4d_late(uintptr_t va)
547 vaddr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
552 static void __init create_pud_mapping(pud_t *pudp,
553 uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
554 phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
557 phys_addr_t next_phys;
558 uintptr_t pud_index = pud_index(va);
560 if (sz == PUD_SIZE) {
561 if (pud_val(pudp[pud_index]) == 0)
562 pudp[pud_index] = pfn_pud(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
566 if (pud_val(pudp[pud_index]) == 0) {
567 next_phys = pt_ops.alloc_pmd(va);
568 pudp[pud_index] = pfn_pud(PFN_DOWN(next_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
569 nextp = pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(next_phys);
570 memset(nextp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
572 next_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pud_pfn(pudp[pud_index]));
573 nextp = pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(next_phys);
576 create_pmd_mapping(nextp, va, pa, sz, prot);
579 static void __init create_p4d_mapping(p4d_t *p4dp,
580 uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
581 phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
584 phys_addr_t next_phys;
585 uintptr_t p4d_index = p4d_index(va);
587 if (sz == P4D_SIZE) {
588 if (p4d_val(p4dp[p4d_index]) == 0)
589 p4dp[p4d_index] = pfn_p4d(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
593 if (p4d_val(p4dp[p4d_index]) == 0) {
594 next_phys = pt_ops.alloc_pud(va);
595 p4dp[p4d_index] = pfn_p4d(PFN_DOWN(next_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
596 nextp = pt_ops.get_pud_virt(next_phys);
597 memset(nextp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
599 next_phys = PFN_PHYS(_p4d_pfn(p4dp[p4d_index]));
600 nextp = pt_ops.get_pud_virt(next_phys);
603 create_pud_mapping(nextp, va, pa, sz, prot);
606 #define pgd_next_t p4d_t
607 #define alloc_pgd_next(__va) (pgtable_l5_enabled ? \
608 pt_ops.alloc_p4d(__va) : (pgtable_l4_enabled ? \
609 pt_ops.alloc_pud(__va) : pt_ops.alloc_pmd(__va)))
610 #define get_pgd_next_virt(__pa) (pgtable_l5_enabled ? \
611 pt_ops.get_p4d_virt(__pa) : (pgd_next_t *)(pgtable_l4_enabled ? \
612 pt_ops.get_pud_virt(__pa) : (pud_t *)pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(__pa)))
613 #define create_pgd_next_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) \
614 (pgtable_l5_enabled ? \
615 create_p4d_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) : \
616 (pgtable_l4_enabled ? \
617 create_pud_mapping((pud_t *)__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) : \
618 create_pmd_mapping((pmd_t *)__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)))
619 #define fixmap_pgd_next (pgtable_l5_enabled ? \
620 (uintptr_t)fixmap_p4d : (pgtable_l4_enabled ? \
621 (uintptr_t)fixmap_pud : (uintptr_t)fixmap_pmd))
622 #define trampoline_pgd_next (pgtable_l5_enabled ? \
623 (uintptr_t)trampoline_p4d : (pgtable_l4_enabled ? \
624 (uintptr_t)trampoline_pud : (uintptr_t)trampoline_pmd))
626 #define pgd_next_t pte_t
627 #define alloc_pgd_next(__va) pt_ops.alloc_pte(__va)
628 #define get_pgd_next_virt(__pa) pt_ops.get_pte_virt(__pa)
629 #define create_pgd_next_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) \
630 create_pte_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)
631 #define fixmap_pgd_next ((uintptr_t)fixmap_pte)
632 #define create_p4d_mapping(__pmdp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) do {} while(0)
633 #define create_pud_mapping(__pmdp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) do {} while(0)
634 #define create_pmd_mapping(__pmdp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) do {} while(0)
635 #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
637 void __init create_pgd_mapping(pgd_t *pgdp,
638 uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
639 phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
642 phys_addr_t next_phys;
643 uintptr_t pgd_idx = pgd_index(va);
645 if (sz == PGDIR_SIZE) {
646 if (pgd_val(pgdp[pgd_idx]) == 0)
647 pgdp[pgd_idx] = pfn_pgd(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
651 if (pgd_val(pgdp[pgd_idx]) == 0) {
652 next_phys = alloc_pgd_next(va);
653 pgdp[pgd_idx] = pfn_pgd(PFN_DOWN(next_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
654 nextp = get_pgd_next_virt(next_phys);
655 memset(nextp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
657 next_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pgd_pfn(pgdp[pgd_idx]));
658 nextp = get_pgd_next_virt(next_phys);
661 create_pgd_next_mapping(nextp, va, pa, sz, prot);
664 static uintptr_t __init best_map_size(phys_addr_t pa, uintptr_t va,
667 if (!(pa & (PGDIR_SIZE - 1)) && !(va & (PGDIR_SIZE - 1)) && size >= PGDIR_SIZE)
670 if (!(pa & (P4D_SIZE - 1)) && !(va & (P4D_SIZE - 1)) && size >= P4D_SIZE)
673 if (!(pa & (PUD_SIZE - 1)) && !(va & (PUD_SIZE - 1)) && size >= PUD_SIZE)
676 if (!(pa & (PMD_SIZE - 1)) && !(va & (PMD_SIZE - 1)) && size >= PMD_SIZE)
682 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
683 #define phys_ram_base (*(phys_addr_t *)XIP_FIXUP(&phys_ram_base))
684 extern char _xiprom[], _exiprom[], __data_loc;
686 /* called from head.S with MMU off */
687 asmlinkage void __init __copy_data(void)
689 void *from = (void *)(&__data_loc);
690 void *to = (void *)CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
691 size_t sz = (size_t)((uintptr_t)(&_end) - (uintptr_t)(&_sdata));
693 memcpy(to, from, sz);
697 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
698 static __init pgprot_t pgprot_from_va(uintptr_t va)
700 if (is_va_kernel_text(va))
701 return PAGE_KERNEL_READ_EXEC;
704 * In 64-bit kernel, the kernel mapping is outside the linear mapping so
705 * we must protect its linear mapping alias from being executed and
707 * And rodata section is marked readonly in mark_rodata_ro.
709 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && is_va_kernel_lm_alias_text(va))
710 return PAGE_KERNEL_READ;
715 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
717 set_kernel_memory(__start_rodata, _data, set_memory_ro);
718 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
719 set_kernel_memory(lm_alias(__start_rodata), lm_alias(_data),
725 static __init pgprot_t pgprot_from_va(uintptr_t va)
727 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && !is_kernel_mapping(va))
730 return PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
732 #endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX */
734 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && !defined(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL)
735 u64 __pi_set_satp_mode_from_cmdline(uintptr_t dtb_pa);
737 static void __init disable_pgtable_l5(void)
739 pgtable_l5_enabled = false;
740 kernel_map.page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET_L4;
741 satp_mode = SATP_MODE_48;
744 static void __init disable_pgtable_l4(void)
746 pgtable_l4_enabled = false;
747 kernel_map.page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET_L3;
748 satp_mode = SATP_MODE_39;
751 static int __init print_no4lvl(char *p)
753 pr_info("Disabled 4-level and 5-level paging");
756 early_param("no4lvl", print_no4lvl);
758 static int __init print_no5lvl(char *p)
760 pr_info("Disabled 5-level paging");
763 early_param("no5lvl", print_no5lvl);
766 * There is a simple way to determine if 4-level is supported by the
767 * underlying hardware: establish 1:1 mapping in 4-level page table mode
768 * then read SATP to see if the configuration was taken into account
769 * meaning sv48 is supported.
771 static __init void set_satp_mode(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
773 u64 identity_satp, hw_satp;
774 uintptr_t set_satp_mode_pmd = ((unsigned long)set_satp_mode) & PMD_MASK;
775 u64 satp_mode_cmdline = __pi_set_satp_mode_from_cmdline(dtb_pa);
777 if (satp_mode_cmdline == SATP_MODE_57) {
778 disable_pgtable_l5();
779 } else if (satp_mode_cmdline == SATP_MODE_48) {
780 disable_pgtable_l5();
781 disable_pgtable_l4();
785 create_p4d_mapping(early_p4d,
786 set_satp_mode_pmd, (uintptr_t)early_pud,
787 P4D_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
788 create_pud_mapping(early_pud,
789 set_satp_mode_pmd, (uintptr_t)early_pmd,
790 PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
791 /* Handle the case where set_satp_mode straddles 2 PMDs */
792 create_pmd_mapping(early_pmd,
793 set_satp_mode_pmd, set_satp_mode_pmd,
794 PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
795 create_pmd_mapping(early_pmd,
796 set_satp_mode_pmd + PMD_SIZE,
797 set_satp_mode_pmd + PMD_SIZE,
798 PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
800 create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir,
803 (uintptr_t)early_p4d : (uintptr_t)early_pud,
804 PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
806 identity_satp = PFN_DOWN((uintptr_t)&early_pg_dir) | satp_mode;
808 local_flush_tlb_all();
809 csr_write(CSR_SATP, identity_satp);
810 hw_satp = csr_swap(CSR_SATP, 0ULL);
811 local_flush_tlb_all();
813 if (hw_satp != identity_satp) {
814 if (pgtable_l5_enabled) {
815 disable_pgtable_l5();
816 memset(early_pg_dir, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
819 disable_pgtable_l4();
822 memset(early_pg_dir, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
823 memset(early_p4d, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
824 memset(early_pud, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
825 memset(early_pmd, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
830 * setup_vm() is called from head.S with MMU-off.
832 * Following requirements should be honoured for setup_vm() to work
834 * 1) It should use PC-relative addressing for accessing kernel symbols.
835 * To achieve this we always use GCC cmodel=medany.
836 * 2) The compiler instrumentation for FTRACE will not work for setup_vm()
837 * so disable compiler instrumentation when FTRACE is enabled.
839 * Currently, the above requirements are honoured by using custom CFLAGS
840 * for init.o in mm/Makefile.
843 #ifndef __riscv_cmodel_medany
844 #error "setup_vm() is called from head.S before relocate so it should not use absolute addressing."
847 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
848 extern unsigned long __rela_dyn_start, __rela_dyn_end;
850 static void __init relocate_kernel(void)
852 Elf64_Rela *rela = (Elf64_Rela *)&__rela_dyn_start;
854 * This holds the offset between the linked virtual address and the
855 * relocated virtual address.
857 uintptr_t reloc_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - KERNEL_LINK_ADDR;
859 * This holds the offset between kernel linked virtual address and
862 uintptr_t va_kernel_link_pa_offset = KERNEL_LINK_ADDR - kernel_map.phys_addr;
864 for ( ; rela < (Elf64_Rela *)&__rela_dyn_end; rela++) {
865 Elf64_Addr addr = (rela->r_offset - va_kernel_link_pa_offset);
866 Elf64_Addr relocated_addr = rela->r_addend;
868 if (rela->r_info != R_RISCV_RELATIVE)
872 * Make sure to not relocate vdso symbols like rt_sigreturn
873 * which are linked from the address 0 in vmlinux since
874 * vdso symbol addresses are actually used as an offset from
875 * mm->context.vdso in VDSO_OFFSET macro.
877 if (relocated_addr >= KERNEL_LINK_ADDR)
878 relocated_addr += reloc_offset;
880 *(Elf64_Addr *)addr = relocated_addr;
883 #endif /* CONFIG_RELOCATABLE */
885 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
886 static void __init create_kernel_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir,
887 __always_unused bool early)
889 uintptr_t va, end_va;
891 /* Map the flash resident part */
892 end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.xiprom_sz;
893 for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
894 create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
895 kernel_map.xiprom + (va - kernel_map.virt_addr),
896 PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
898 /* Map the data in RAM */
899 end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET + kernel_map.size;
900 for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
901 create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
902 kernel_map.phys_addr + (va - (kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET)),
903 PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
906 static void __init create_kernel_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir, bool early)
908 uintptr_t va, end_va;
910 end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.size;
911 for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
912 create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
913 kernel_map.phys_addr + (va - kernel_map.virt_addr),
916 PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC : pgprot_from_va(va));
921 * Setup a 4MB mapping that encompasses the device tree: for 64-bit kernel,
922 * this means 2 PMD entries whereas for 32-bit kernel, this is only 1 PGDIR
925 static void __init create_fdt_early_page_table(uintptr_t fix_fdt_va,
928 #ifndef CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB
929 uintptr_t pa = dtb_pa & ~(PMD_SIZE - 1);
931 /* Make sure the fdt fixmap address is always aligned on PMD size */
932 BUILD_BUG_ON(FIX_FDT % (PMD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE));
934 /* In 32-bit only, the fdt lies in its own PGD */
935 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
936 create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir, fix_fdt_va,
937 pa, MAX_FDT_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
939 create_pmd_mapping(fixmap_pmd, fix_fdt_va,
940 pa, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
941 create_pmd_mapping(fixmap_pmd, fix_fdt_va + PMD_SIZE,
942 pa + PMD_SIZE, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
945 dtb_early_va = (void *)fix_fdt_va + (dtb_pa & (PMD_SIZE - 1));
948 * For 64-bit kernel, __va can't be used since it would return a linear
949 * mapping address whereas dtb_early_va will be used before
950 * setup_vm_final installs the linear mapping. For 32-bit kernel, as the
951 * kernel is mapped in the linear mapping, that makes no difference.
953 dtb_early_va = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(XIP_FIXUP(dtb_pa));
956 dtb_early_pa = dtb_pa;
960 * MMU is not enabled, the page tables are allocated directly using
961 * early_pmd/pud/p4d and the address returned is the physical one.
963 static void __init pt_ops_set_early(void)
965 pt_ops.alloc_pte = alloc_pte_early;
966 pt_ops.get_pte_virt = get_pte_virt_early;
967 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
968 pt_ops.alloc_pmd = alloc_pmd_early;
969 pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = get_pmd_virt_early;
970 pt_ops.alloc_pud = alloc_pud_early;
971 pt_ops.get_pud_virt = get_pud_virt_early;
972 pt_ops.alloc_p4d = alloc_p4d_early;
973 pt_ops.get_p4d_virt = get_p4d_virt_early;
978 * MMU is enabled but page table setup is not complete yet.
979 * fixmap page table alloc functions must be used as a means to temporarily
980 * map the allocated physical pages since the linear mapping does not exist yet.
982 * Note that this is called with MMU disabled, hence kernel_mapping_pa_to_va,
983 * but it will be used as described above.
985 static void __init pt_ops_set_fixmap(void)
987 pt_ops.alloc_pte = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(alloc_pte_fixmap);
988 pt_ops.get_pte_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(get_pte_virt_fixmap);
989 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
990 pt_ops.alloc_pmd = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(alloc_pmd_fixmap);
991 pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(get_pmd_virt_fixmap);
992 pt_ops.alloc_pud = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(alloc_pud_fixmap);
993 pt_ops.get_pud_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(get_pud_virt_fixmap);
994 pt_ops.alloc_p4d = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(alloc_p4d_fixmap);
995 pt_ops.get_p4d_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(get_p4d_virt_fixmap);
1000 * MMU is enabled and page table setup is complete, so from now, we can use
1001 * generic page allocation functions to setup page table.
1003 static void __init pt_ops_set_late(void)
1005 pt_ops.alloc_pte = alloc_pte_late;
1006 pt_ops.get_pte_virt = get_pte_virt_late;
1007 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
1008 pt_ops.alloc_pmd = alloc_pmd_late;
1009 pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = get_pmd_virt_late;
1010 pt_ops.alloc_pud = alloc_pud_late;
1011 pt_ops.get_pud_virt = get_pud_virt_late;
1012 pt_ops.alloc_p4d = alloc_p4d_late;
1013 pt_ops.get_p4d_virt = get_p4d_virt_late;
1017 #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE
1018 extern bool __init __pi_set_nokaslr_from_cmdline(uintptr_t dtb_pa);
1019 extern u64 __init __pi_get_kaslr_seed(uintptr_t dtb_pa);
1021 static int __init print_nokaslr(char *p)
1023 pr_info("Disabled KASLR");
1026 early_param("nokaslr", print_nokaslr);
1028 unsigned long kaslr_offset(void)
1030 return kernel_map.virt_offset;
1034 asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
1036 pmd_t __maybe_unused fix_bmap_spmd, fix_bmap_epmd;
1038 #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE
1039 if (!__pi_set_nokaslr_from_cmdline(dtb_pa)) {
1040 u64 kaslr_seed = __pi_get_kaslr_seed(dtb_pa);
1041 u32 kernel_size = (uintptr_t)(&_end) - (uintptr_t)(&_start);
1045 * Compute the number of positions available: we are limited
1046 * by the early page table that only has one PUD and we must
1047 * be aligned on PMD_SIZE.
1049 nr_pos = (PUD_SIZE - kernel_size) / PMD_SIZE;
1051 kernel_map.virt_offset = (kaslr_seed % nr_pos) * PMD_SIZE;
1055 kernel_map.virt_addr = KERNEL_LINK_ADDR + kernel_map.virt_offset;
1056 kernel_map.page_offset = _AC(CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET, UL);
1058 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
1059 kernel_map.xiprom = (uintptr_t)CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR;
1060 kernel_map.xiprom_sz = (uintptr_t)(&_exiprom) - (uintptr_t)(&_xiprom);
1062 phys_ram_base = CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
1063 kernel_map.phys_addr = (uintptr_t)CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
1064 kernel_map.size = (uintptr_t)(&_end) - (uintptr_t)(&_sdata);
1066 kernel_map.va_kernel_xip_pa_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - kernel_map.xiprom;
1068 kernel_map.phys_addr = (uintptr_t)(&_start);
1069 kernel_map.size = (uintptr_t)(&_end) - kernel_map.phys_addr;
1072 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && !defined(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL)
1073 set_satp_mode(dtb_pa);
1077 * In 64-bit, we defer the setup of va_pa_offset to setup_bootmem,
1078 * where we have the system memory layout: this allows us to align
1079 * the physical and virtual mappings and then make use of PUD/P4D/PGD
1080 * for the linear mapping. This is only possible because the kernel
1081 * mapping lies outside the linear mapping.
1082 * In 32-bit however, as the kernel resides in the linear mapping,
1083 * setup_vm_final can not change the mapping established here,
1084 * otherwise the same kernel addresses would get mapped to different
1085 * physical addresses (if the start of dram is different from the
1086 * kernel physical address start).
1088 kernel_map.va_pa_offset = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) ?
1089 0UL : PAGE_OFFSET - kernel_map.phys_addr;
1090 kernel_map.va_kernel_pa_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - kernel_map.phys_addr;
1093 * The default maximal physical memory size is KERN_VIRT_SIZE for 32-bit
1094 * kernel, whereas for 64-bit kernel, the end of the virtual address
1095 * space is occupied by the modules/BPF/kernel mappings which reduces
1096 * the available size of the linear mapping.
1098 memory_limit = KERN_VIRT_SIZE - (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) ? SZ_4G : 0);
1100 /* Sanity check alignment and size */
1101 BUG_ON((PAGE_OFFSET % PGDIR_SIZE) != 0);
1102 BUG_ON((kernel_map.phys_addr % PMD_SIZE) != 0);
1106 * The last 4K bytes of the addressable memory can not be mapped because
1107 * of IS_ERR_VALUE macro.
1109 BUG_ON((kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.size) > ADDRESS_SPACE_END - SZ_4K);
1112 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
1114 * Early page table uses only one PUD, which makes it possible
1115 * to map PUD_SIZE aligned on PUD_SIZE: if the relocation offset
1116 * makes the kernel cross over a PUD_SIZE boundary, raise a bug
1117 * since a part of the kernel would not get mapped.
1119 BUG_ON(PUD_SIZE - (kernel_map.virt_addr & (PUD_SIZE - 1)) < kernel_map.size);
1123 apply_early_boot_alternatives();
1126 /* Setup early PGD for fixmap */
1127 create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir, FIXADDR_START,
1128 fixmap_pgd_next, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1130 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
1131 /* Setup fixmap P4D and PUD */
1132 if (pgtable_l5_enabled)
1133 create_p4d_mapping(fixmap_p4d, FIXADDR_START,
1134 (uintptr_t)fixmap_pud, P4D_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1135 /* Setup fixmap PUD and PMD */
1136 if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
1137 create_pud_mapping(fixmap_pud, FIXADDR_START,
1138 (uintptr_t)fixmap_pmd, PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1139 create_pmd_mapping(fixmap_pmd, FIXADDR_START,
1140 (uintptr_t)fixmap_pte, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1141 /* Setup trampoline PGD and PMD */
1142 create_pgd_mapping(trampoline_pg_dir, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1143 trampoline_pgd_next, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1144 if (pgtable_l5_enabled)
1145 create_p4d_mapping(trampoline_p4d, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1146 (uintptr_t)trampoline_pud, P4D_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1147 if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
1148 create_pud_mapping(trampoline_pud, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1149 (uintptr_t)trampoline_pmd, PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1150 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
1151 create_pmd_mapping(trampoline_pmd, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1152 kernel_map.xiprom, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
1154 create_pmd_mapping(trampoline_pmd, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1155 kernel_map.phys_addr, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
1158 /* Setup trampoline PGD */
1159 create_pgd_mapping(trampoline_pg_dir, kernel_map.virt_addr,
1160 kernel_map.phys_addr, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
1164 * Setup early PGD covering entire kernel which will allow
1165 * us to reach paging_init(). We map all memory banks later
1166 * in setup_vm_final() below.
1168 create_kernel_page_table(early_pg_dir, true);
1170 /* Setup early mapping for FDT early scan */
1171 create_fdt_early_page_table(__fix_to_virt(FIX_FDT), dtb_pa);
1174 * Bootime fixmap only can handle PMD_SIZE mapping. Thus, boot-ioremap
1175 * range can not span multiple pmds.
1177 BUG_ON((__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT)
1178 != (__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT));
1180 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
1182 * Early ioremap fixmap is already created as it lies within first 2MB
1183 * of fixmap region. We always map PMD_SIZE. Thus, both FIX_BTMAP_END
1184 * FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN should lie in the same pmd. Verify that and warn
1187 fix_bmap_spmd = fixmap_pmd[pmd_index(__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN))];
1188 fix_bmap_epmd = fixmap_pmd[pmd_index(__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END))];
1189 if (pmd_val(fix_bmap_spmd) != pmd_val(fix_bmap_epmd)) {
1191 pr_warn("fixmap btmap start [%08lx] != end [%08lx]\n",
1192 pmd_val(fix_bmap_spmd), pmd_val(fix_bmap_epmd));
1193 pr_warn("fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN): %08lx\n",
1194 fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN));
1195 pr_warn("fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END): %08lx\n",
1196 fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END));
1198 pr_warn("FIX_BTMAP_END: %d\n", FIX_BTMAP_END);
1199 pr_warn("FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN: %d\n", FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN);
1203 pt_ops_set_fixmap();
1206 static void __init create_linear_mapping_range(phys_addr_t start,
1208 uintptr_t fixed_map_size)
1211 uintptr_t va, map_size;
1213 for (pa = start; pa < end; pa += map_size) {
1214 va = (uintptr_t)__va(pa);
1215 map_size = fixed_map_size ? fixed_map_size :
1216 best_map_size(pa, va, end - pa);
1218 create_pgd_mapping(swapper_pg_dir, va, pa, map_size,
1219 pgprot_from_va(va));
1223 static void __init create_linear_mapping_page_table(void)
1225 phys_addr_t start, end;
1226 phys_addr_t kfence_pool __maybe_unused;
1229 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1230 phys_addr_t ktext_start = __pa_symbol(_start);
1231 phys_addr_t ktext_size = __init_data_begin - _start;
1232 phys_addr_t krodata_start = __pa_symbol(__start_rodata);
1233 phys_addr_t krodata_size = _data - __start_rodata;
1235 /* Isolate kernel text and rodata so they don't get mapped with a PUD */
1236 memblock_mark_nomap(ktext_start, ktext_size);
1237 memblock_mark_nomap(krodata_start, krodata_size);
1240 #ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE
1242 * kfence pool must be backed by PAGE_SIZE mappings, so allocate it
1243 * before we setup the linear mapping so that we avoid using hugepages
1246 kfence_pool = memblock_phys_alloc(KFENCE_POOL_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
1247 BUG_ON(!kfence_pool);
1249 memblock_mark_nomap(kfence_pool, KFENCE_POOL_SIZE);
1250 __kfence_pool = __va(kfence_pool);
1253 /* Map all memory banks in the linear mapping */
1254 for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
1257 if (start <= __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) &&
1258 __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) < end)
1259 start = __pa(PAGE_OFFSET);
1260 if (end >= __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) + memory_limit)
1261 end = __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) + memory_limit;
1263 create_linear_mapping_range(start, end, 0);
1266 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1267 create_linear_mapping_range(ktext_start, ktext_start + ktext_size, 0);
1268 create_linear_mapping_range(krodata_start,
1269 krodata_start + krodata_size, 0);
1271 memblock_clear_nomap(ktext_start, ktext_size);
1272 memblock_clear_nomap(krodata_start, krodata_size);
1275 #ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE
1276 create_linear_mapping_range(kfence_pool,
1277 kfence_pool + KFENCE_POOL_SIZE,
1280 memblock_clear_nomap(kfence_pool, KFENCE_POOL_SIZE);
1284 static void __init setup_vm_final(void)
1286 /* Setup swapper PGD for fixmap */
1287 #if !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
1289 * In 32-bit, the device tree lies in a pgd entry, so it must be copied
1290 * directly in swapper_pg_dir in addition to the pgd entry that points
1293 unsigned long idx = pgd_index(__fix_to_virt(FIX_FDT));
1295 set_pgd(&swapper_pg_dir[idx], early_pg_dir[idx]);
1297 create_pgd_mapping(swapper_pg_dir, FIXADDR_START,
1298 __pa_symbol(fixmap_pgd_next),
1299 PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
1301 /* Map the linear mapping */
1302 create_linear_mapping_page_table();
1304 /* Map the kernel */
1305 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
1306 create_kernel_page_table(swapper_pg_dir, false);
1309 kasan_swapper_init();
1312 /* Clear fixmap PTE and PMD mappings */
1313 clear_fixmap(FIX_PTE);
1314 clear_fixmap(FIX_PMD);
1315 clear_fixmap(FIX_PUD);
1316 clear_fixmap(FIX_P4D);
1318 /* Move to swapper page table */
1319 csr_write(CSR_SATP, PFN_DOWN(__pa_symbol(swapper_pg_dir)) | satp_mode);
1320 local_flush_tlb_all();
1325 asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
1327 dtb_early_va = (void *)dtb_pa;
1328 dtb_early_pa = dtb_pa;
1331 static inline void setup_vm_final(void)
1334 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
1336 /* Reserve 128M low memory by default for swiotlb buffer */
1337 #define DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE (128UL << 20)
1339 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(unsigned long long low_size)
1341 unsigned long long low_base;
1343 low_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(low_size, PMD_SIZE, 0, dma32_phys_limit);
1345 pr_err("cannot allocate crashkernel low memory (size:0x%llx).\n", low_size);
1349 pr_info("crashkernel low memory reserved: 0x%016llx - 0x%016llx (%lld MB)\n",
1350 low_base, low_base + low_size, low_size >> 20);
1352 crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
1353 crashk_low_res.end = low_base + low_size - 1;
1359 * reserve_crashkernel() - reserves memory for crash kernel
1361 * This function reserves memory area given in "crashkernel=" kernel command
1362 * line parameter. The memory reserved is used by dump capture kernel when
1363 * primary kernel is crashing.
1365 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
1367 unsigned long long crash_base = 0;
1368 unsigned long long crash_size = 0;
1369 unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
1370 unsigned long search_start = memblock_start_of_DRAM();
1371 unsigned long search_end = (unsigned long)dma32_phys_limit;
1372 char *cmdline = boot_command_line;
1373 bool fixed_base = false;
1378 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE))
1381 * Don't reserve a region for a crash kernel on a crash kernel
1382 * since it doesn't make much sense and we have limited memory
1385 if (is_kdump_kernel()) {
1386 pr_info("crashkernel: ignoring reservation request\n");
1390 ret = parse_crashkernel(cmdline, memblock_phys_mem_size(),
1391 &crash_size, &crash_base);
1392 if (ret == -ENOENT) {
1393 /* Fallback to crashkernel=X,[high,low] */
1394 ret = parse_crashkernel_high(cmdline, 0, &crash_size, &crash_base);
1395 if (ret || !crash_size)
1399 * crashkernel=Y,low is valid only when crashkernel=X,high
1402 ret = parse_crashkernel_low(cmdline, 0, &crash_low_size, &crash_base);
1404 crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
1408 search_start = (unsigned long)dma32_phys_limit;
1409 search_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
1411 } else if (ret || !crash_size) {
1412 /* Invalid argument value specified */
1416 crash_size = PAGE_ALIGN(crash_size);
1420 search_start = crash_base;
1421 search_end = crash_base + crash_size;
1425 * Current riscv boot protocol requires 2MB alignment for
1426 * RV64 and 4MB alignment for RV32 (hugepage size)
1428 * Try to alloc from 32bit addressible physical memory so that
1429 * swiotlb can work on the crash kernel.
1431 crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, PMD_SIZE,
1432 search_start, search_end);
1433 if (crash_base == 0) {
1435 * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
1436 * message if can't reserve the specified region.
1439 pr_warn("crashkernel: allocating failed with given size@offset\n");
1445 * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
1446 * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
1448 search_start = memblock_start_of_DRAM();
1449 search_end = (unsigned long)dma32_phys_limit;
1452 * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
1453 * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
1454 * low memory will be reserved later.
1456 search_start = (unsigned long)dma32_phys_limit;
1457 search_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
1458 crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
1461 crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, PMD_SIZE,
1462 search_start, search_end);
1463 if (crash_base == 0) {
1464 pr_warn("crashkernel: couldn't allocate %lldKB\n",
1470 if ((crash_base >= dma32_phys_limit) && crash_low_size &&
1471 reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
1472 memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
1476 pr_info("crashkernel: reserved 0x%016llx - 0x%016llx (%lld MB)\n",
1477 crash_base, crash_base + crash_size, crash_size >> 20);
1479 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
1480 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
1483 void __init paging_init(void)
1488 /* Depend on that Linear Mapping is ready */
1489 memblock_allow_resize();
1492 void __init misc_mem_init(void)
1494 early_memtest(min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
1498 reserve_crashkernel();
1499 memblock_dump_all();
1502 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1503 int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node,
1504 struct vmem_altmap *altmap)
1506 return vmemmap_populate_basepages(start, end, node, NULL);
1510 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
1512 * Pre-allocates page-table pages for a specific area in the kernel
1513 * page-table. Only the level which needs to be synchronized between
1514 * all page-tables is allocated because the synchronization can be
1517 static void __init preallocate_pgd_pages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
1523 for (addr = start; addr < end && addr >= start; addr = ALIGN(addr + 1, PGDIR_SIZE)) {
1524 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
1530 p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
1534 if (pgtable_l5_enabled)
1538 pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, p4d, addr);
1542 if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
1546 pmd = pmd_alloc(&init_mm, pud, addr);
1554 * The pages have to be there now or they will be missing in
1555 * process page-tables later.
1557 panic("Failed to pre-allocate %s pages for %s area\n", lvl, area);
1560 void __init pgtable_cache_init(void)
1562 preallocate_pgd_pages_range(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END, "vmalloc");
1563 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES))
1564 preallocate_pgd_pages_range(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END, "bpf/modules");