2 * Kernel Probes (KProbes)
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
20 * 2002-Oct Created by Vamsi Krishna S <vamsi_krishna@in.ibm.com> Kernel
21 * Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from
23 * 2004-July Suparna Bhattacharya <suparna@in.ibm.com> added jumper probes
24 * interface to access function arguments.
25 * 2004-Nov Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> kprobes port
29 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
30 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
31 #include <linux/preempt.h>
32 #include <linux/module.h>
33 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
34 #include <linux/slab.h>
35 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
36 #include <asm/sstep.h>
37 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
39 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
40 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);
42 struct kretprobe_blackpoint kretprobe_blacklist[] = {{NULL, NULL}};
44 int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
47 kprobe_opcode_t insn = *p->addr;
49 if ((unsigned long)p->addr & 0x03) {
50 printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n");
52 } else if (IS_MTMSRD(insn) || IS_RFID(insn) || IS_RFI(insn)) {
53 printk("Cannot register a kprobe on rfi/rfid or mtmsr[d]\n");
57 /* insn must be on a special executable page on ppc64. This is
58 * not explicitly required on ppc32 (right now), but it doesn't hurt */
60 p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
66 memcpy(p->ainsn.insn, p->addr,
67 MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
69 flush_icache_range((unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn,
70 (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn + sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
73 p->ainsn.boostable = 0;
77 void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
79 *p->addr = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
80 flush_icache_range((unsigned long) p->addr,
81 (unsigned long) p->addr + sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
84 void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
87 flush_icache_range((unsigned long) p->addr,
88 (unsigned long) p->addr + sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
91 void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
94 free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
99 static void __kprobes prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
101 enable_single_step(regs);
104 * On powerpc we should single step on the original
105 * instruction even if the probed insn is a trap
106 * variant as values in regs could play a part in
107 * if the trap is taken or not
109 regs->nip = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
112 static void __kprobes save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
114 kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
115 kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
116 kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr = kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
119 static void __kprobes restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
121 __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = kcb->prev_kprobe.kp;
122 kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
123 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr;
126 static void __kprobes set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
127 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
129 __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = p;
130 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = regs->msr;
133 void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri,
134 struct pt_regs *regs)
136 ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->link;
138 /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
139 regs->link = (unsigned long)kretprobe_trampoline;
142 static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
146 unsigned int *addr = (unsigned int *)regs->nip;
147 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
150 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
151 * duration of kprobe processing
154 kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
156 /* Check we're not actually recursing */
157 if (kprobe_running()) {
158 p = get_kprobe(addr);
160 kprobe_opcode_t insn = *p->ainsn.insn;
161 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS &&
163 /* Turn off 'trace' bits */
164 regs->msr &= ~MSR_SINGLESTEP;
165 regs->msr |= kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
168 /* We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since
169 * another probe was hit while within the handler.
170 * We here save the original kprobes variables and
171 * just single step on the instruction of the new probe
172 * without calling any user handlers.
174 save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
175 set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
176 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = regs->msr;
177 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
178 prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
179 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
182 if (*addr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
183 /* If trap variant, then it belongs not to us */
184 kprobe_opcode_t cur_insn = *addr;
185 if (is_trap(cur_insn))
187 /* The breakpoint instruction was removed by
188 * another cpu right after we hit, no further
189 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate
194 p = __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe);
195 if (p->break_handler && p->break_handler(p, regs)) {
202 p = get_kprobe(addr);
204 if (*addr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
206 * PowerPC has multiple variants of the "trap"
207 * instruction. If the current instruction is a
208 * trap variant, it could belong to someone else
210 kprobe_opcode_t cur_insn = *addr;
211 if (is_trap(cur_insn))
214 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
215 * after we hit it. Another cpu has removed
216 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
217 * at this address. In either case, no further
218 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
222 /* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
226 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
227 set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
228 if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs))
229 /* handler has already set things up, so skip ss setup */
233 if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) {
234 unsigned int insn = *p->ainsn.insn;
236 /* regs->nip is also adjusted if emulate_step returns 1 */
237 ret = emulate_step(regs, insn);
240 * Once this instruction has been boosted
241 * successfully, set the boostable flag
243 if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable == 0))
244 p->ainsn.boostable = 1;
247 p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
249 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
250 reset_current_kprobe();
251 preempt_enable_no_resched();
253 } else if (ret < 0) {
255 * We don't allow kprobes on mtmsr(d)/rfi(d), etc.
256 * So, we should never get here... but, its still
257 * good to catch them, just in case...
259 printk("Can't step on instruction %x\n", insn);
262 /* This instruction can't be boosted */
263 p->ainsn.boostable = -1;
265 prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
266 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
270 preempt_enable_no_resched();
275 * Function return probe trampoline:
276 * - init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
277 * - When the probed function returns, this probe
278 * causes the handlers to fire
280 static void __used kretprobe_trampoline_holder(void)
282 asm volatile(".global kretprobe_trampoline\n"
283 "kretprobe_trampoline:\n"
288 * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
290 static int __kprobes trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p,
291 struct pt_regs *regs)
293 struct kretprobe_instance *ri = NULL;
294 struct hlist_head *head, empty_rp;
295 struct hlist_node *tmp;
296 unsigned long flags, orig_ret_address = 0;
297 unsigned long trampoline_address =(unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
299 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&empty_rp);
300 kretprobe_hash_lock(current, &head, &flags);
303 * It is possible to have multiple instances associated with a given
304 * task either because an multiple functions in the call path
305 * have a return probe installed on them, and/or more than one return
306 * return probe was registered for a target function.
308 * We can handle this because:
309 * - instances are always inserted at the head of the list
310 * - when multiple return probes are registered for the same
311 * function, the first instance's ret_addr will point to the
312 * real return address, and all the rest will point to
313 * kretprobe_trampoline
315 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, tmp, head, hlist) {
316 if (ri->task != current)
317 /* another task is sharing our hash bucket */
320 if (ri->rp && ri->rp->handler)
321 ri->rp->handler(ri, regs);
323 orig_ret_address = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr;
324 recycle_rp_inst(ri, &empty_rp);
326 if (orig_ret_address != trampoline_address)
328 * This is the real return address. Any other
329 * instances associated with this task are for
330 * other calls deeper on the call stack
335 kretprobe_assert(ri, orig_ret_address, trampoline_address);
336 regs->nip = orig_ret_address;
338 reset_current_kprobe();
339 kretprobe_hash_unlock(current, &flags);
340 preempt_enable_no_resched();
342 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, tmp, &empty_rp, hlist) {
343 hlist_del(&ri->hlist);
347 * By returning a non-zero value, we are telling
348 * kprobe_handler() that we don't want the post_handler
349 * to run (and have re-enabled preemption)
355 * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
356 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint"
357 * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
358 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
359 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
360 * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
362 static int __kprobes post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
364 struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
365 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
370 /* make sure we got here for instruction we have a kprobe on */
371 if (((unsigned long)cur->ainsn.insn + 4) != regs->nip)
374 if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
375 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
376 cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
379 /* Adjust nip to after the single-stepped instruction */
380 regs->nip = (unsigned long)cur->addr + 4;
381 regs->msr |= kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
383 /*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
384 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
385 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
388 reset_current_kprobe();
390 preempt_enable_no_resched();
393 * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, msr
394 * will have DE/SE set, in which case, continue the remaining processing
395 * of do_debug, as if this is not a probe hit.
397 if (regs->msr & MSR_SINGLESTEP)
403 int __kprobes kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
405 struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
406 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
407 const struct exception_table_entry *entry;
409 switch(kcb->kprobe_status) {
413 * We are here because the instruction being single
414 * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
415 * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address
416 * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
419 regs->nip = (unsigned long)cur->addr;
420 regs->msr &= ~MSR_SINGLESTEP; /* Turn off 'trace' bits */
421 regs->msr |= kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
422 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
423 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
425 reset_current_kprobe();
426 preempt_enable_no_resched();
428 case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
429 case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
431 * We increment the nmissed count for accounting,
432 * we can also use npre/npostfault count for accounting
433 * these specific fault cases.
435 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(cur);
438 * We come here because instructions in the pre/post
439 * handler caused the page_fault, this could happen
440 * if handler tries to access user space by
441 * copy_from_user(), get_user() etc. Let the
442 * user-specified handler try to fix it first.
444 if (cur->fault_handler && cur->fault_handler(cur, regs, trapnr))
448 * In case the user-specified fault handler returned
449 * zero, try to fix up.
451 if ((entry = search_exception_tables(regs->nip)) != NULL) {
452 regs->nip = entry->fixup;
457 * fixup_exception() could not handle it,
458 * Let do_page_fault() fix it.
468 * Wrapper routine to for handling exceptions.
470 int __kprobes kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
471 unsigned long val, void *data)
473 struct die_args *args = (struct die_args *)data;
474 int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
476 if (args->regs && user_mode(args->regs))
481 if (kprobe_handler(args->regs))
485 if (post_kprobe_handler(args->regs))
495 unsigned long arch_deref_entry_point(void *entry)
497 return ((func_descr_t *)entry)->entry;
501 int __kprobes setjmp_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
503 struct jprobe *jp = container_of(p, struct jprobe, kp);
504 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
506 memcpy(&kcb->jprobe_saved_regs, regs, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
508 /* setup return addr to the jprobe handler routine */
509 regs->nip = arch_deref_entry_point(jp->entry);
511 regs->gpr[2] = (unsigned long)(((func_descr_t *)jp->entry)->toc);
517 void __used __kprobes jprobe_return(void)
519 asm volatile("trap" ::: "memory");
522 static void __used __kprobes jprobe_return_end(void)
526 int __kprobes longjmp_break_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
528 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
531 * FIXME - we should ideally be validating that we got here 'cos
532 * of the "trap" in jprobe_return() above, before restoring the
535 memcpy(regs, &kcb->jprobe_saved_regs, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
536 preempt_enable_no_resched();
540 static struct kprobe trampoline_p = {
541 .addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) &kretprobe_trampoline,
542 .pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler
545 int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
547 return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p);
550 int __kprobes arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
552 if (p->addr == (kprobe_opcode_t *)&kretprobe_trampoline)