1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * HW_breakpoint: a unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint facility,
4 * using the CPU's debug registers. Derived from
5 * "arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c"
7 * Copyright 2010 IBM Corporation
8 * Author: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
11 #include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
12 #include <linux/notifier.h>
13 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
14 #include <linux/percpu.h>
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/sched.h>
17 #include <linux/smp.h>
18 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
19 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <asm/hw_breakpoint.h>
22 #include <asm/processor.h>
23 #include <asm/sstep.h>
24 #include <asm/debug.h>
25 #include <asm/debugfs.h>
26 #include <asm/hvcall.h>
27 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 * Stores the breakpoints currently in use on each breakpoint address
31 * register for every cpu
33 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_event *, bp_per_reg);
36 * Returns total number of data or instruction breakpoints available.
38 int hw_breakpoint_slots(int type)
40 if (type == TYPE_DATA)
42 return 0; /* no instruction breakpoints available */
46 * Install a perf counter breakpoint.
48 * We seek a free debug address register and use it for this
51 * Atomic: we hold the counter->ctx->lock and we only handle variables
52 * and registers local to this cpu.
54 int arch_install_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
56 struct arch_hw_breakpoint *info = counter_arch_bp(bp);
57 struct perf_event **slot = this_cpu_ptr(&bp_per_reg);
62 * Do not install DABR values if the instruction must be single-stepped.
63 * If so, DABR will be populated in single_step_dabr_instruction().
65 if (current->thread.last_hit_ubp != bp)
66 __set_breakpoint(info);
72 * Uninstall the breakpoint contained in the given counter.
74 * First we search the debug address register it uses and then we disable
77 * Atomic: we hold the counter->ctx->lock and we only handle variables
78 * and registers local to this cpu.
80 void arch_uninstall_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
82 struct perf_event **slot = this_cpu_ptr(&bp_per_reg);
85 WARN_ONCE(1, "Can't find the breakpoint");
90 hw_breakpoint_disable();
94 * Perform cleanup of arch-specific counters during unregistration
97 void arch_unregister_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
100 * If the breakpoint is unregistered between a hw_breakpoint_handler()
101 * and the single_step_dabr_instruction(), then cleanup the breakpoint
102 * restoration variables to prevent dangling pointers.
103 * FIXME, this should not be using bp->ctx at all! Sayeth peterz.
105 if (bp->ctx && bp->ctx->task && bp->ctx->task != ((void *)-1L))
106 bp->ctx->task->thread.last_hit_ubp = NULL;
110 * Check for virtual address in kernel space.
112 int arch_check_bp_in_kernelspace(struct arch_hw_breakpoint *hw)
114 return is_kernel_addr(hw->address);
117 int arch_bp_generic_fields(int type, int *gen_bp_type)
120 if (type & HW_BRK_TYPE_READ)
121 *gen_bp_type |= HW_BREAKPOINT_R;
122 if (type & HW_BRK_TYPE_WRITE)
123 *gen_bp_type |= HW_BREAKPOINT_W;
124 if (*gen_bp_type == 0)
130 * Validate the arch-specific HW Breakpoint register settings
132 int hw_breakpoint_arch_parse(struct perf_event *bp,
133 const struct perf_event_attr *attr,
134 struct arch_hw_breakpoint *hw)
136 int ret = -EINVAL, length_max;
141 hw->type = HW_BRK_TYPE_TRANSLATE;
142 if (attr->bp_type & HW_BREAKPOINT_R)
143 hw->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_READ;
144 if (attr->bp_type & HW_BREAKPOINT_W)
145 hw->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_WRITE;
146 if (hw->type == HW_BRK_TYPE_TRANSLATE)
147 /* must set alteast read or write */
149 if (!attr->exclude_user)
150 hw->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_USER;
151 if (!attr->exclude_kernel)
152 hw->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_KERNEL;
153 if (!attr->exclude_hv)
154 hw->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_HYP;
155 hw->address = attr->bp_addr;
156 hw->len = attr->bp_len;
159 * Since breakpoint length can be a maximum of HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN(8)
160 * and breakpoint addresses are aligned to nearest double-word
161 * HW_BREAKPOINT_ALIGN by rounding off to the lower address, the
162 * 'symbolsize' should satisfy the check below.
164 if (!ppc_breakpoint_available())
166 length_max = 8; /* DABR */
167 if (dawr_enabled()) {
168 length_max = 512 ; /* 64 doublewords */
169 /* DAWR region can't cross 512 boundary */
170 if ((attr->bp_addr >> 9) !=
171 ((attr->bp_addr + attr->bp_len - 1) >> 9))
175 (length_max - (hw->address & HW_BREAKPOINT_ALIGN)))
181 * Restores the breakpoint on the debug registers.
182 * Invoke this function if it is known that the execution context is
183 * about to change to cause loss of MSR_SE settings.
185 void thread_change_pc(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pt_regs *regs)
187 struct arch_hw_breakpoint *info;
189 if (likely(!tsk->thread.last_hit_ubp))
192 info = counter_arch_bp(tsk->thread.last_hit_ubp);
193 regs->msr &= ~MSR_SE;
194 __set_breakpoint(info);
195 tsk->thread.last_hit_ubp = NULL;
199 * Handle debug exception notifications.
201 int hw_breakpoint_handler(struct die_args *args)
203 int rc = NOTIFY_STOP;
204 struct perf_event *bp;
205 struct pt_regs *regs = args->regs;
206 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_8xx
210 struct arch_hw_breakpoint *info;
211 unsigned long dar = regs->dar;
213 /* Disable breakpoints during exception handling */
214 hw_breakpoint_disable();
217 * The counter may be concurrently released but that can only
218 * occur from a call_rcu() path. We can then safely fetch
219 * the breakpoint, use its callback, touch its counter
220 * while we are in an rcu_read_lock() path.
224 bp = __this_cpu_read(bp_per_reg);
229 info = counter_arch_bp(bp);
232 * Return early after invoking user-callback function without restoring
233 * DABR if the breakpoint is from ptrace which always operates in
234 * one-shot mode. The ptrace-ed process will receive the SIGTRAP signal
235 * generated in do_dabr().
237 if (bp->overflow_handler == ptrace_triggered) {
238 perf_bp_event(bp, regs);
244 * Verify if dar lies within the address range occupied by the symbol
245 * being watched to filter extraneous exceptions. If it doesn't,
246 * we still need to single-step the instruction, but we don't
249 info->type &= ~HW_BRK_TYPE_EXTRANEOUS_IRQ;
250 if (!((bp->attr.bp_addr <= dar) &&
251 (dar - bp->attr.bp_addr < bp->attr.bp_len)))
252 info->type |= HW_BRK_TYPE_EXTRANEOUS_IRQ;
254 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_8xx
255 /* Do not emulate user-space instructions, instead single-step them */
256 if (user_mode(regs)) {
257 current->thread.last_hit_ubp = bp;
264 if (!__get_user_inatomic(instr, (unsigned int *) regs->nip))
265 stepped = emulate_step(regs, instr);
268 * emulate_step() could not execute it. We've failed in reliably
269 * handling the hw-breakpoint. Unregister it and throw a warning
270 * message to let the user know about it.
273 WARN(1, "Unable to handle hardware breakpoint. Breakpoint at "
274 "0x%lx will be disabled.", info->address);
275 perf_event_disable_inatomic(bp);
280 * As a policy, the callback is invoked in a 'trigger-after-execute'
283 if (!(info->type & HW_BRK_TYPE_EXTRANEOUS_IRQ))
284 perf_bp_event(bp, regs);
286 __set_breakpoint(info);
291 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(hw_breakpoint_handler);
294 * Handle single-step exceptions following a DABR hit.
296 static int single_step_dabr_instruction(struct die_args *args)
298 struct pt_regs *regs = args->regs;
299 struct perf_event *bp = NULL;
300 struct arch_hw_breakpoint *info;
302 bp = current->thread.last_hit_ubp;
304 * Check if we are single-stepping as a result of a
305 * previous HW Breakpoint exception
310 info = counter_arch_bp(bp);
313 * We shall invoke the user-defined callback function in the single
314 * stepping handler to confirm to 'trigger-after-execute' semantics
316 if (!(info->type & HW_BRK_TYPE_EXTRANEOUS_IRQ))
317 perf_bp_event(bp, regs);
319 __set_breakpoint(info);
320 current->thread.last_hit_ubp = NULL;
323 * If the process was being single-stepped by ptrace, let the
324 * other single-step actions occur (e.g. generate SIGTRAP).
326 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_SINGLESTEP))
331 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(single_step_dabr_instruction);
334 * Handle debug exception notifications.
336 int hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify(
337 struct notifier_block *unused, unsigned long val, void *data)
339 int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
343 ret = hw_breakpoint_handler(data);
346 ret = single_step_dabr_instruction(data);
352 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify);
355 * Release the user breakpoints used by ptrace
357 void flush_ptrace_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk)
359 struct thread_struct *t = &tsk->thread;
361 unregister_hw_breakpoint(t->ptrace_bps[0]);
362 t->ptrace_bps[0] = NULL;
365 void hw_breakpoint_pmu_read(struct perf_event *bp)