1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
4 * Optimized version of the standard strlen() function
8 * in0 address of string
11 * ret0 the number of characters in the string (0 if empty string)
12 * does not count the \0
14 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2001 Hewlett-Packard Co
15 * Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com>
17 * 09/24/99 S.Eranian add speculation recovery code
20 #include <asm/asmmacro.h>
21 #include <asm/export.h>
25 // This is an enhanced version of the basic strlen. it includes a combination
26 // of compute zero index (czx), parallel comparisons, speculative loads and
27 // loop unroll using rotating registers.
29 // General Ideas about the algorithm:
30 // The goal is to look at the string in chunks of 8 bytes.
31 // so we need to do a few extra checks at the beginning because the
32 // string may not be 8-byte aligned. In this case we load the 8byte
33 // quantity which includes the start of the string and mask the unused
34 // bytes with 0xff to avoid confusing czx.
35 // We use speculative loads and software pipelining to hide memory
36 // latency and do read ahead safely. This way we defer any exception.
38 // Because we don't want the kernel to be relying on particular
39 // settings of the DCR register, we provide recovery code in case
40 // speculation fails. The recovery code is going to "redo" the work using
41 // only normal loads. If we still get a fault then we generate a
42 // kernel panic. Otherwise we return the strlen as usual.
44 // The fact that speculation may fail can be caused, for instance, by
45 // the DCR.dm bit being set. In this case TLB misses are deferred, i.e.,
46 // a NaT bit will be set if the translation is not present. The normal
47 // load, on the other hand, will cause the translation to be inserted
48 // if the mapping exists.
50 // It should be noted that we execute recovery code only when we need
51 // to use the data that has been speculatively loaded: we don't execute
52 // recovery code on pure read ahead data.
55 // - the cmp r0,r0 is used as a fast way to initialize a predicate
56 // register to 1. This is required to make sure that we get the parallel
59 // - we don't use the epilogue counter to exit the loop but we need to set
60 // it to zero beforehand.
62 // - after the loop we must test for Nat values because neither the
63 // czx nor cmp instruction raise a NaT consumption fault. We must be
64 // careful not to look too far for a Nat for which we don't care.
65 // For instance we don't need to look at a NaT in val2 if the zero byte
68 // - Clearly performance tuning is required.
85 .save ar.pfs, saved_pfs
86 alloc saved_pfs=ar.pfs,11,0,0,8 // rotating must be multiple of 8
88 .rotr v[2], w[2] // declares our 4 aliases
90 extr.u tmp=in0,0,3 // tmp=least significant 3 bits
91 mov orig=in0 // keep trackof initial byte address
92 dep src=0,in0,0,3 // src=8byte-aligned in0 address
94 mov saved_pr=pr // preserve predicates (rotation)
99 ld8 v[1]=[src],8 // must not speculate: can fail here
100 shl tmp=tmp,3 // multiply by 8bits/byte
101 mov mask=-1 // our mask
103 ld8.s w[1]=[src],8 // speculatively load next
104 cmp.eq p6,p0=r0,r0 // sets p6 to true for cmp.and
105 sub tmp=64,tmp // how many bits to shift our mask on the right
107 shr.u mask=mask,tmp // zero enough bits to hold v[1] valuable part
108 mov ar.ec=r0 // clear epilogue counter (saved in ar.pfs)
110 add base=-16,src // keep track of aligned base
111 or v[1]=v[1],mask // now we have a safe initial byte pattern
114 ld8.s v[0]=[src],8 // speculatively load next
115 czx1.r val1=v[1] // search 0 byte from right
116 czx1.r val2=w[1] // search 0 byte from right following 8bytes
118 ld8.s w[0]=[src],8 // speculatively load next to next
119 cmp.eq.and p6,p0=8,val1 // p6 = p6 and val1==8
120 cmp.eq.and p6,p0=8,val2 // p6 = p6 and mask==8
121 (p6) br.wtop.dptk 1b // loop until p6 == 0
124 // We must return try the recovery code iff
125 // val1_is_nat || (val1==8 && val2_is_nat)
128 // - there must be a better way of doing the test
130 cmp.eq p8,p9=8,val1 // p6 = val1 had zero (disambiguate)
131 tnat.nz p6,p7=val1 // test NaT on val1
132 (p6) br.cond.spnt .recover // jump to recovery if val1 is NaT
135 // if we come here p7 is true, i.e., initialized for // cmp
137 cmp.eq.and p7,p0=8,val1// val1==8?
138 tnat.nz.and p7,p0=val2 // test NaT if val2
139 (p7) br.cond.spnt .recover // jump to recovery if val2 is NaT
141 (p8) mov val1=val2 // the other test got us out of the loop
142 (p8) adds src=-16,src // correct position when 3 ahead
143 (p9) adds src=-24,src // correct position when 4 ahead
145 sub ret0=src,orig // distance from base
146 sub tmp=8,val1 // which byte in word
147 mov pr=saved_pr,0xffffffffffff0000
149 sub ret0=ret0,tmp // adjust
150 mov ar.pfs=saved_pfs // because of ar.ec, restore no matter what
151 br.ret.sptk.many rp // end of normal execution
154 // Outlined recovery code when speculation failed
156 // This time we don't use speculation and rely on the normal exception
157 // mechanism. that's why the loop is not as good as the previous one
158 // because read ahead is not possible
161 // Please note that in the case of strlen() as opposed to strlen_user()
162 // we don't use the exception mechanism, as this function is not
163 // supposed to fail. If that happens it means we have a bug and the
164 // code will cause of kernel fault.
167 // - today we restart from the beginning of the string instead
168 // of trying to continue where we left off.
171 ld8 val=[base],8 // will fail if unrecoverable fault
173 or val=val,mask // remask first bytes
174 cmp.eq p0,p6=r0,r0 // nullify first ld8 in loop
177 // ar.ec is still zero here
180 (p6) ld8 val=[base],8 // will fail if unrecoverable fault
182 czx1.r val1=val // search 0 byte from right
184 cmp.eq p6,p0=8,val1 // val1==8 ?
185 (p6) br.wtop.dptk 2b // loop until p6 == 0
186 ;; // (avoid WAW on p63)
187 sub ret0=base,orig // distance from base
189 mov pr=saved_pr,0xffffffffffff0000
191 sub ret0=ret0,tmp // length=now - back -1
192 mov ar.pfs=saved_pfs // because of ar.ec, restore no matter what
193 br.ret.sptk.many rp // end of successful recovery code
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strlen)