1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c
5 * Copyright (C) 2013 Linaro Limited
6 * Author: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
9 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/swab.h>
12 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
14 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
15 #include <asm/debug-monitors.h>
16 #include <asm/ftrace.h>
19 #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
21 * Replace a single instruction, which may be a branch or NOP.
22 * If @validate == true, a replaced instruction is checked against 'old'.
24 static int ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long pc, u32 old, u32 new,
31 * We are paranoid about modifying text, as if a bug were to happen, it
32 * could cause us to read or write to someplace that could cause harm.
33 * Carefully read and modify the code with aarch64_insn_*() which uses
34 * probe_kernel_*(), and make sure what we read is what we expected it
35 * to be before modifying it.
38 if (aarch64_insn_read((void *)pc, &replaced))
44 if (aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync((void *)pc, new))
51 * Replace tracer function in ftrace_caller()
53 int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
58 pc = (unsigned long)&ftrace_call;
59 new = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, (unsigned long)func,
60 AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK);
62 return ftrace_modify_code(pc, 0, new, false);
66 * Turn on the call to ftrace_caller() in instrumented function
68 int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
70 unsigned long pc = rec->ip;
72 long offset = (long)pc - (long)addr;
74 if (offset < -SZ_128M || offset >= SZ_128M) {
75 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS
76 struct plt_entry trampoline, *dst;
80 * On kernels that support module PLTs, the offset between the
81 * branch instruction and its target may legally exceed the
82 * range of an ordinary relative 'bl' opcode. In this case, we
83 * need to branch via a trampoline in the module.
85 * NOTE: __module_text_address() must be called with preemption
86 * disabled, but we can rely on ftrace_lock to ensure that 'mod'
87 * retains its validity throughout the remainder of this code.
90 mod = __module_text_address(pc);
97 * There is only one ftrace trampoline per module. For now,
98 * this is not a problem since on arm64, all dynamic ftrace
99 * invocations are routed via ftrace_caller(). This will need
100 * to be revisited if support for multiple ftrace entry points
101 * is added in the future, but for now, the pr_err() below
102 * deals with a theoretical issue only.
104 * Note that PLTs are place relative, and plt_entries_equal()
105 * checks whether they point to the same target. Here, we need
106 * to check if the actual opcodes are in fact identical,
107 * regardless of the offset in memory so use memcmp() instead.
109 dst = mod->arch.ftrace_trampoline;
110 trampoline = get_plt_entry(addr, dst);
111 if (memcmp(dst, &trampoline, sizeof(trampoline))) {
112 if (plt_entry_is_initialized(dst)) {
113 pr_err("ftrace: far branches to multiple entry points unsupported inside a single module\n");
117 /* point the trampoline to our ftrace entry point */
118 module_disable_ro(mod);
120 module_enable_ro(mod, true);
123 * Ensure updated trampoline is visible to instruction
124 * fetch before we patch in the branch.
126 __flush_icache_range((unsigned long)&dst[0],
127 (unsigned long)&dst[1]);
129 addr = (unsigned long)dst;
130 #else /* CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS */
132 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS */
135 old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
136 new = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, addr, AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK);
138 return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, true);
142 * Turn off the call to ftrace_caller() in instrumented function
144 int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec,
147 unsigned long pc = rec->ip;
148 bool validate = true;
150 long offset = (long)pc - (long)addr;
152 if (offset < -SZ_128M || offset >= SZ_128M) {
153 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS
157 * 'mod' is only set at module load time, but if we end up
158 * dealing with an out-of-range condition, we can assume it
159 * is due to a module being loaded far away from the kernel.
163 mod = __module_text_address(pc);
171 * The instruction we are about to patch may be a branch and
172 * link instruction that was redirected via a PLT entry. In
173 * this case, the normal validation will fail, but we can at
174 * least check that we are dealing with a branch and link
175 * instruction that points into the right module.
177 if (aarch64_insn_read((void *)pc, &replaced))
180 if (!aarch64_insn_is_bl(replaced) ||
181 !within_module(pc + aarch64_get_branch_offset(replaced),
186 #else /* CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS */
188 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS */
190 old = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, addr,
191 AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK);
194 new = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
196 return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, validate);
199 void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command)
201 command |= FTRACE_MAY_SLEEP;
202 ftrace_modify_all_code(command);
205 int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void)
209 #endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
211 #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
213 * function_graph tracer expects ftrace_return_to_handler() to be called
214 * on the way back to parent. For this purpose, this function is called
215 * in _mcount() or ftrace_caller() to replace return address (*parent) on
216 * the call stack to return_to_handler.
218 * Note that @frame_pointer is used only for sanity check later.
220 void prepare_ftrace_return(unsigned long self_addr, unsigned long *parent,
221 unsigned long frame_pointer)
223 unsigned long return_hooker = (unsigned long)&return_to_handler;
226 if (unlikely(atomic_read(¤t->tracing_graph_pause)))
231 * No protection against faulting at *parent, which may be seen
232 * on other archs. It's unlikely on AArch64.
236 if (!function_graph_enter(old, self_addr, frame_pointer, NULL))
237 *parent = return_hooker;
240 #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
242 * Turn on/off the call to ftrace_graph_caller() in ftrace_caller()
243 * depending on @enable.
245 static int ftrace_modify_graph_caller(bool enable)
247 unsigned long pc = (unsigned long)&ftrace_graph_call;
250 branch = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc,
251 (unsigned long)ftrace_graph_caller,
252 AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_NOLINK);
253 nop = aarch64_insn_gen_nop();
256 return ftrace_modify_code(pc, nop, branch, true);
258 return ftrace_modify_code(pc, branch, nop, true);
261 int ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller(void)
263 return ftrace_modify_graph_caller(true);
266 int ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller(void)
268 return ftrace_modify_graph_caller(false);
270 #endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
271 #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */