2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
42 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
48 start = memparse(p, &endp);
50 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
52 phys_initrd_start = start;
53 phys_initrd_size = size;
57 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
59 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
61 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
62 "please update your bootloader.\n");
63 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
64 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
68 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
70 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
72 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
73 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
77 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
79 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
80 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(u64 start, u64 end)
82 phys_initrd_start = start;
83 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
85 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
88 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
89 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
90 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
92 struct meminfo meminfo;
94 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
96 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
97 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
98 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
100 printk("Mem-info:\n");
101 show_free_areas(filter);
103 if (filter & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT)
106 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
107 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
108 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
109 struct page *page, *end;
111 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
112 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
114 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
115 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
119 if (PageReserved(page))
121 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
123 else if (PageSlab(page))
125 else if (!page_count(page))
128 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
130 } while (page < end);
133 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
134 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
135 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
136 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
137 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
138 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
141 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
142 unsigned long *max_high)
144 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
147 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
148 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
149 for_each_bank (i, mi)
150 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
152 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
153 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
156 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
157 unsigned long end_pfn)
159 struct memblock_region *reg;
160 unsigned int boot_pages;
165 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
166 * of memory which has already been mapped.
168 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
169 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
170 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
173 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
174 * memory banks over to bootmem.
177 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
178 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
180 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
181 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
182 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
183 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
190 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
193 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
194 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
195 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
196 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
203 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
204 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
208 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
210 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
211 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
214 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
215 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
216 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
217 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
219 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
221 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
222 unsigned long dma_size)
224 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
227 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
228 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
229 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
234 void __init setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
236 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
237 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
238 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
239 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
241 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
245 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
246 unsigned long max_high)
248 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
249 struct memblock_region *reg;
252 * initialise the zones.
254 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
257 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
258 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
259 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
261 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
262 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
263 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
267 * Calculate the size of the holes.
268 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
270 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
271 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
272 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
273 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
275 if (start < max_low) {
276 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
277 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
279 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
281 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
282 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
287 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
289 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
292 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
293 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
294 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
297 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
300 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
301 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
303 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
305 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
308 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
309 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
313 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
315 struct memblock_region *reg;
317 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
318 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
319 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
323 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
325 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
329 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
331 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
332 memblock_free(phys, size);
333 memblock_remove(phys, size);
338 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi,
339 const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
343 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
344 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
346 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
347 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
348 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
350 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
352 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
353 if (phys_initrd_size &&
354 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
355 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
356 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
357 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
359 if (phys_initrd_size &&
360 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
361 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
362 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
363 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
365 if (phys_initrd_size) {
366 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
368 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
369 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
370 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
374 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
375 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
377 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
382 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
383 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
385 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
387 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
388 memblock_allow_resize();
392 void __init bootmem_init(void)
394 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
396 max_low = max_high = 0;
398 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
400 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
403 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
404 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
406 arm_memory_present();
409 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
414 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
415 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
416 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
418 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
421 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
422 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
423 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
425 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
426 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
428 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
429 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
433 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
434 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
436 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
439 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
444 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
446 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
447 phys_addr_t pg, pgend;
450 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
452 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
453 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
456 * Convert to physical addresses, and
457 * round start upwards and end downwards.
459 pg = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
460 pgend = __pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
463 * If there are free pages between these,
464 * free the section of the memmap array.
467 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
471 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
473 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
475 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
479 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
480 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
482 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
483 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
485 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
487 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
489 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
490 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
492 bank_start = min(bank_start,
493 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
496 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
497 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
498 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
500 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
503 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
504 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
506 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
507 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
510 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
511 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
512 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
514 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
517 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
518 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
519 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
520 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
524 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
525 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end)
527 for (; pfn < end; pfn++)
528 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
532 static void __init free_highpages(void)
534 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
535 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
536 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
538 /* set highmem page free */
539 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
540 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
541 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
543 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
547 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
551 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
552 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
553 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
555 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
556 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
560 if (res_start < start)
566 if (res_start != start)
567 free_area_high(start, res_start);
573 /* And now free anything which remains */
575 free_area_high(start, end);
581 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
582 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
583 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
585 void __init mem_init(void)
587 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
588 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
593 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
595 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
596 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
600 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
601 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, -1, NULL);
606 mem_init_print_info(NULL);
608 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
609 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
610 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
612 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
613 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
614 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
615 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
616 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
618 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
619 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
620 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
621 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
622 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
624 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
625 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
627 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
628 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
629 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
630 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
632 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
634 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
635 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
636 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
638 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
639 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
640 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
641 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
642 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
645 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
646 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
649 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
650 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
651 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
652 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
659 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
660 * be detected at build time already.
663 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
664 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
667 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
668 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
669 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
672 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
673 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
675 * On a machine this small we won't get
676 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
679 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
683 void free_initmem(void)
685 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
686 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
688 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
689 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end, -1, "TCM link");
692 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
693 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
694 free_initmem_default(-1);
697 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
699 static int keep_initrd;
701 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
704 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
705 free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, -1, "initrd");
709 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
715 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);