2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S
4 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs
14 #include <linux/linkage.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <asm/assembler.h>
19 #include <asm/domain.h>
20 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
21 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
22 #include <asm/memory.h>
23 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
24 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
26 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
27 #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE
31 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
32 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must
33 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
34 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
35 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
37 #define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)
38 #if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
39 #error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
42 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
43 /* LPAE requires an additional page for the PGD */
44 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x5000
47 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x4000
52 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - PG_DIR_SIZE
54 .macro pgtbl, rd, phys
55 add \rd, \phys, #TEXT_OFFSET - PG_DIR_SIZE
59 * Kernel startup entry point.
60 * ---------------------------
62 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
63 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
64 * r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags or dtb pointer.
66 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
67 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
69 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
72 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
73 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
74 * circumstances, zImage) is for.
81 THUMB( adr r9, BSYM(1f) ) @ Kernel is always entered in ARM.
82 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel,
83 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now.
86 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
89 @ ensure svc mode and all interrupts masked
90 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
92 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
93 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
94 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
95 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
96 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
98 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
99 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c1, 4 @ read ID_MMFR0
100 and r3, r3, #0xf @ extract VMSA support
101 cmp r3, #5 @ long-descriptor translation table format?
102 THUMB( it lo ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
103 blo __error_p @ only classic page table format
106 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
109 sub r4, r3, r4 @ (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET)
110 add r8, r8, r4 @ PHYS_OFFSET
112 ldr r8, =PHYS_OFFSET @ always constant in this case
116 * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb,
117 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
120 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
123 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
126 bl __create_page_tables
129 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
130 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
131 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_processor_type
132 * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be
133 * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value.
135 ldr r13, =__mmap_switched @ address to jump to after
136 @ mmu has been enabled
137 adr lr, BSYM(1f) @ return (PIC) address
138 mov r8, r4 @ set TTBR1 to swapper_pg_dir
139 ARM( add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC )
140 THUMB( add r12, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC )
145 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
151 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
152 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
153 * generally means mapping in the kernel code.
155 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
158 * r0, r3, r5-r7 corrupted
159 * r4 = page table (see ARCH_PGD_SHIFT in asm/memory.h)
161 __create_page_tables:
162 pgtbl r4, r8 @ page table address
165 * Clear the swapper page table
169 add r6, r0, #PG_DIR_SIZE
177 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
179 * Build the PGD table (first level) to point to the PMD table. A PGD
180 * entry is 64-bit wide.
183 add r3, r4, #0x1000 @ first PMD table address
184 orr r3, r3, #3 @ PGD block type
185 mov r6, #4 @ PTRS_PER_PGD
186 mov r7, #1 << (55 - 32) @ L_PGD_SWAPPER
188 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
189 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
190 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
192 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
193 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
195 add r3, r3, #0x1000 @ next PMD table
199 add r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PMD tables
200 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
201 add r4, r4, #4 @ we only write the bottom word
205 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags
208 * Create identity mapping to cater for __enable_mmu.
209 * This identity mapping will be removed by paging_init().
211 adr r0, __turn_mmu_on_loc
212 ldmia r0, {r3, r5, r6}
213 sub r0, r0, r3 @ virt->phys offset
214 add r5, r5, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on
215 add r6, r6, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on_end
216 mov r5, r5, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
217 mov r6, r6, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
219 1: orr r3, r7, r5, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT @ flags + kernel base
220 str r3, [r4, r5, lsl #PMD_ORDER] @ identity mapping
222 addlo r5, r5, #1 @ next section
226 * Map our RAM from the start to the end of the kernel .bss section.
228 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
231 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
232 1: str r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
233 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
237 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
239 * Map the kernel image separately as it is not located in RAM.
241 #define XIP_START XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
243 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
244 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
245 add r0, r4, #(XIP_START & 0xff000000) >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
246 str r3, [r0, #((XIP_START & 0x00f00000) >> SECTION_SHIFT) << PMD_ORDER]!
247 ldr r6, =(_edata_loc - 1)
248 add r0, r0, #1 << PMD_ORDER
249 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
251 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
252 strls r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
257 * Then map boot params address in r2 if specified.
258 * We map 2 sections in case the ATAGs/DTB crosses a section boundary.
260 mov r0, r2, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
261 movs r0, r0, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
263 addne r3, r3, #PAGE_OFFSET
264 addne r3, r4, r3, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
266 strne r6, [r3], #1 << PMD_ORDER
267 addne r6, r6, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
270 #if defined(CONFIG_ARM_LPAE) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8)
271 sub r4, r4, #4 @ Fixup page table pointer
272 @ for 64-bit descriptors
275 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
276 #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
278 * Map in IO space for serial debugging.
279 * This allows debug messages to be output
280 * via a serial console before paging_init.
284 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
285 mov r3, r3, lsl #PMD_ORDER
288 mov r3, r7, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
289 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
290 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
291 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
292 mov r7, #1 << (54 - 32) @ XN
293 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
301 orr r3, r3, #PMD_SECT_XN
305 #else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC || CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING */
306 /* we don't need any serial debugging mappings */
307 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
310 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
312 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
313 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
315 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
316 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000
319 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
321 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
322 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
323 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
325 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
326 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000
328 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
332 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
333 sub r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PGD table
334 mov r4, r4, lsr #ARCH_PGD_SHIFT
337 ENDPROC(__create_page_tables)
343 .long __turn_mmu_on_end
345 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
347 ENTRY(secondary_startup)
349 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
351 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
352 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
353 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
355 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
356 bl __hyp_stub_install_secondary
358 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
360 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
361 bl __lookup_processor_type
362 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor?
363 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p'
364 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
368 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
370 adr r4, __secondary_data
371 ldmia r4, {r5, r7, r12} @ address to jump to after
372 sub lr, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled
373 ldr r4, [r7, lr] @ get secondary_data.pgdir
375 ldr r8, [r7, lr] @ get secondary_data.swapper_pg_dir
376 adr lr, BSYM(__enable_mmu) @ return address
377 mov r13, r12 @ __secondary_switched address
378 ARM( add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC ) @ initialise processor
379 @ (return control reg)
380 THUMB( add r12, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC )
382 ENDPROC(secondary_startup)
385 * r6 = &secondary_data
387 ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
388 ldr sp, [r7, #4] @ get secondary_data.stack
390 b secondary_start_kernel
391 ENDPROC(__secondary_switched)
395 .type __secondary_data, %object
399 .long __secondary_switched
400 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
405 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
406 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
409 * r0 = cp#15 control register
411 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
412 * r4 = page table (see ARCH_PGD_SHIFT in asm/memory.h)
414 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
417 #if defined(CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP) && __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 6
422 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
425 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
428 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
431 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
432 mov r5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
433 domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
434 domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
435 domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT))
436 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register
437 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
440 ENDPROC(__enable_mmu)
443 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
444 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
445 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
446 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
448 * r0 = cp#15 control register
450 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
452 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
454 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion
457 .pushsection .idmap.text, "ax"
461 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg
462 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg
468 ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on)
472 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
475 and r3, r9, #0x000f0000 @ architecture version
476 teq r3, #0x000f0000 @ CPU ID supported?
477 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP
479 bic r3, r9, #0x00ff0000
480 bic r3, r3, #0x0000000f @ mask 0xff00fff0
482 orr r4, r4, #0x0000b000
483 orr r4, r4, #0x00000020 @ val 0x4100b020
484 teq r3, r4 @ ARM 11MPCore?
485 moveq pc, lr @ yes, assume SMP
487 mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 5 @ read MPIDR
488 and r0, r0, #0xc0000000 @ multiprocessing extensions and
489 teq r0, #0x80000000 @ not part of a uniprocessor system?
490 moveq pc, lr @ yes, assume SMP
498 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
515 __do_fixup_smp_on_up:
519 ARM( str r6, [r0, r3] )
520 THUMB( add r0, r0, r3 )
522 THUMB( mov r6, r6, ror #16 ) @ Convert word order for big-endian.
524 THUMB( strh r6, [r0], #2 ) @ For Thumb-2, store as two halfwords
525 THUMB( mov r6, r6, lsr #16 ) @ to be robust against misaligned r3.
526 THUMB( strh r6, [r0] )
527 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
528 ENDPROC(__do_fixup_smp_on_up)
531 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
535 bl __do_fixup_smp_on_up
536 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc}
539 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
541 /* __fixup_pv_table - patch the stub instructions with the delta between
542 * PHYS_OFFSET and PAGE_OFFSET, which is assumed to be 16MiB aligned and
543 * can be expressed by an immediate shifter operand. The stub instruction
544 * has a form of '(add|sub) rd, rn, #imm'.
549 ldmia r0, {r3-r5, r7}
550 sub r3, r0, r3 @ PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET
551 add r4, r4, r3 @ adjust table start address
552 add r5, r5, r3 @ adjust table end address
553 add r7, r7, r3 @ adjust __pv_phys_offset address
554 str r8, [r7] @ save computed PHYS_OFFSET to __pv_phys_offset
555 mov r6, r3, lsr #24 @ constant for add/sub instructions
556 teq r3, r6, lsl #24 @ must be 16MiB aligned
557 THUMB( it ne @ cross section branch )
559 str r6, [r7, #4] @ save to __pv_offset
561 ENDPROC(__fixup_pv_table)
565 .long __pv_table_begin
567 2: .long __pv_phys_offset
571 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
580 orr r6, r6, r7, lsl #12
586 orr ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
589 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
595 bic ip, ip, #0x000000ff
596 orr ip, ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
599 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
603 ENDPROC(__fixup_a_pv_table)
605 ENTRY(fixup_pv_table)
606 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, lr}
607 ldr r2, 2f @ get address of __pv_phys_offset
608 mov r3, #0 @ no offset
609 mov r4, r0 @ r0 = table start
610 add r5, r0, r1 @ r1 = table size
611 ldr r6, [r2, #4] @ get __pv_offset
612 bl __fixup_a_pv_table
613 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, pc}
614 ENDPROC(fixup_pv_table)
617 2: .long __pv_phys_offset
620 .globl __pv_phys_offset
621 .type __pv_phys_offset, %object
624 .size __pv_phys_offset, . - __pv_phys_offset
629 #include "head-common.S"