1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 # General architecture dependent options
7 # Note: arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig needs to be included first so that it can
8 # override the default values in this file.
10 source "arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig"
12 menu "General architecture-dependent options"
27 config ARCH_HAS_SUBPAGE_FAULTS
30 Select if the architecture can check permissions at sub-page
31 granularity (e.g. arm64 MTE). The probe_user_*() functions
43 depends on HAVE_KPROBES
45 select TASKS_RCU if PREEMPTION
47 Kprobes allows you to trap at almost any kernel address and
48 execute a callback function. register_kprobe() establishes
49 a probepoint and specifies the callback. Kprobes is useful
50 for kernel debugging, non-intrusive instrumentation and testing.
54 bool "Optimize very unlikely/likely branches"
55 depends on HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
56 select OBJTOOL if HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK
58 This option enables a transparent branch optimization that
59 makes certain almost-always-true or almost-always-false branch
60 conditions even cheaper to execute within the kernel.
62 Certain performance-sensitive kernel code, such as trace points,
63 scheduler functionality, networking code and KVM have such
64 branches and include support for this optimization technique.
66 If it is detected that the compiler has support for "asm goto",
67 the kernel will compile such branches with just a nop
68 instruction. When the condition flag is toggled to true, the
69 nop will be converted to a jump instruction to execute the
70 conditional block of instructions.
72 This technique lowers overhead and stress on the branch prediction
73 of the processor and generally makes the kernel faster. The update
74 of the condition is slower, but those are always very rare.
76 ( On 32-bit x86, the necessary options added to the compiler
77 flags may increase the size of the kernel slightly. )
79 config STATIC_KEYS_SELFTEST
80 bool "Static key selftest"
83 Boot time self-test of the branch patching code.
85 config STATIC_CALL_SELFTEST
86 bool "Static call selftest"
87 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
89 Boot time self-test of the call patching code.
93 depends on KPROBES && HAVE_OPTPROBES
94 select TASKS_RCU if PREEMPTION
96 config KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
98 depends on KPROBES && HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
99 depends on DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
101 If function tracer is enabled and the arch supports full
102 passing of pt_regs to function tracing, then kprobes can
103 optimize on top of function tracing.
107 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_UPROBES
109 Uprobes is the user-space counterpart to kprobes: they
110 enable instrumentation applications (such as 'perf probe')
111 to establish unintrusive probes in user-space binaries and
112 libraries, by executing handler functions when the probes
113 are hit by user-space applications.
115 ( These probes come in the form of single-byte breakpoints,
116 managed by the kernel and kept transparent to the probed
119 config HAVE_64BIT_ALIGNED_ACCESS
120 def_bool 64BIT && !HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
122 Some architectures require 64 bit accesses to be 64 bit
123 aligned, which also requires structs containing 64 bit values
124 to be 64 bit aligned too. This includes some 32 bit
125 architectures which can do 64 bit accesses, as well as 64 bit
126 architectures without unaligned access.
128 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if 64 bit
129 accesses are required to be 64 bit aligned in this way even
130 though it is not a 64 bit architecture.
132 See Documentation/core-api/unaligned-memory-access.rst for
133 more information on the topic of unaligned memory accesses.
135 config HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
138 Some architectures are unable to perform unaligned accesses
139 without the use of get_unaligned/put_unaligned. Others are
140 unable to perform such accesses efficiently (e.g. trap on
141 unaligned access and require fixing it up in the exception
144 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it can
145 perform unaligned accesses efficiently to allow different
146 code paths to be selected for these cases. Some network
147 drivers, for example, could opt to not fix up alignment
148 problems with received packets if doing so would not help
151 See Documentation/core-api/unaligned-memory-access.rst for more
152 information on the topic of unaligned memory accesses.
154 config ARCH_USE_BUILTIN_BSWAP
157 Modern versions of GCC (since 4.4) have builtin functions
158 for handling byte-swapping. Using these, instead of the old
159 inline assembler that the architecture code provides in the
160 __arch_bswapXX() macros, allows the compiler to see what's
161 happening and offers more opportunity for optimisation. In
162 particular, the compiler will be able to combine the byteswap
163 with a nearby load or store and use load-and-swap or
164 store-and-swap instructions if the architecture has them. It
165 should almost *never* result in code which is worse than the
166 hand-coded assembler in <asm/swab.h>. But just in case it
167 does, the use of the builtins is optional.
169 Any architecture with load-and-swap or store-and-swap
170 instructions should set this. And it shouldn't hurt to set it
171 on architectures that don't have such instructions.
175 depends on KPROBES && (HAVE_KRETPROBES || HAVE_RETHOOK)
177 config KRETPROBE_ON_RETHOOK
179 depends on HAVE_RETHOOK
180 depends on KRETPROBES
183 config USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
185 depends on HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
187 Provide a kernel-internal notification when a cpu is about to
190 config HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT
196 config HAVE_KRETPROBES
199 config HAVE_OPTPROBES
202 config HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
205 config ARCH_CORRECT_STACKTRACE_ON_KRETPROBE
208 Since kretprobes modifies return address on the stack, the
209 stacktrace may see the kretprobe trampoline address instead
210 of correct one. If the architecture stacktrace code and
211 unwinder can adjust such entries, select this configuration.
213 config HAVE_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION
219 config HAVE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTORS
222 config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
225 config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_NMI_SUPPORT
229 # An arch should select this if it provides all these things:
231 # task_pt_regs() in asm/processor.h or asm/ptrace.h
232 # arch_has_single_step() if there is hardware single-step support
233 # arch_has_block_step() if there is hardware block-step support
234 # asm/syscall.h supplying asm-generic/syscall.h interface
235 # linux/regset.h user_regset interfaces
236 # CORE_DUMP_USE_REGSET #define'd in linux/elf.h
237 # TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE calls ptrace_report_syscall_{entry,exit}
238 # TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME calls resume_user_mode_work()
240 config HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
243 config HAVE_DMA_CONTIGUOUS
246 config GENERIC_SMP_IDLE_THREAD
249 config GENERIC_IDLE_POLL_SETUP
252 config ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE
255 An architecture should select this when it can successfully
256 build and run with CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE.
259 # Select if the arch provides a historic keepinit alias for the retain_initrd
260 # command line option
262 config ARCH_HAS_KEEPINITRD
265 # Select if arch has all set_memory_ro/rw/x/nx() functions in asm/cacheflush.h
266 config ARCH_HAS_SET_MEMORY
269 # Select if arch has all set_direct_map_invalid/default() functions
270 config ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP
274 # Select if the architecture provides the arch_dma_set_uncached symbol to
275 # either provide an uncached segment alias for a DMA allocation, or
276 # to remap the page tables in place.
278 config ARCH_HAS_DMA_SET_UNCACHED
282 # Select if the architectures provides the arch_dma_clear_uncached symbol
283 # to undo an in-place page table remap for uncached access.
285 config ARCH_HAS_DMA_CLEAR_UNCACHED
288 # Select if arch init_task must go in the __init_task_data section
289 config ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ON_STACK
292 # Select if arch has its private alloc_task_struct() function
293 config ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
296 config HAVE_ARCH_THREAD_STRUCT_WHITELIST
298 depends on !ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
300 An architecture should select this to provide hardened usercopy
301 knowledge about what region of the thread_struct should be
302 whitelisted for copying to userspace. Normally this is only the
303 FPU registers. Specifically, arch_thread_struct_whitelist()
304 should be implemented. Without this, the entire thread_struct
305 field in task_struct will be left whitelisted.
307 # Select if arch has its private alloc_thread_stack() function
308 config ARCH_THREAD_STACK_ALLOCATOR
311 # Select if arch wants to size task_struct dynamically via arch_task_struct_size:
312 config ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
315 config ARCH_WANTS_NO_INSTR
318 An architecture should select this if the noinstr macro is being used on
319 functions to denote that the toolchain should avoid instrumenting such
320 functions and is required for correctness.
322 config ARCH_32BIT_OFF_T
326 All new 32-bit architectures should have 64-bit off_t type on
327 userspace side which corresponds to the loff_t kernel type. This
328 is the requirement for modern ABIs. Some existing architectures
329 still support 32-bit off_t. This option is enabled for all such
330 architectures explicitly.
332 # Selected by 64 bit architectures which have a 32 bit f_tinode in struct ustat
333 config ARCH_32BIT_USTAT_F_TINODE
336 config HAVE_ASM_MODVERSIONS
339 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it provides
340 <asm/asm-prototypes.h> to support the module versioning for symbols
341 exported from assembly code.
343 config HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
346 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it supports
347 the API needed to access registers and stack entries from pt_regs,
348 declared in asm/ptrace.h
349 For example the kprobes-based event tracer needs this API.
353 depends on HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
355 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it
356 supports an implementation of restartable sequences.
361 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it
364 config HAVE_FUNCTION_ARG_ACCESS_API
367 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it supports
368 the API needed to access function arguments from pt_regs,
369 declared in asm/ptrace.h
371 config HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
373 depends on PERF_EVENTS
375 config HAVE_MIXED_BREAKPOINTS_REGS
377 depends on HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
379 Depending on the arch implementation of hardware breakpoints,
380 some of them have separate registers for data and instruction
381 breakpoints addresses, others have mixed registers to store
382 them but define the access type in a control register.
383 Select this option if your arch implements breakpoints under the
386 config HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
389 config HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI
392 System hardware can generate an NMI using the perf event
393 subsystem. Also has support for calculating CPU cycle events
394 to determine how many clock cycles in a given period.
396 config HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF
398 depends on HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI
400 The arch chooses to use the generic perf-NMI-based hardlockup
401 detector. Must define HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI.
403 config HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG
407 The arch provides a low level NMI watchdog. It provides
408 asm/nmi.h, and defines its own arch_touch_nmi_watchdog().
410 config HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_ARCH
412 select HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG
414 The arch chooses to provide its own hardlockup detector, which is
415 a superset of the HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG. It also conforms to config
416 interfaces and parameters provided by hardlockup detector subsystem.
418 config HAVE_PERF_REGS
421 Support selective register dumps for perf events. This includes
422 bit-mapping of each registers and a unique architecture id.
424 config HAVE_PERF_USER_STACK_DUMP
427 Support user stack dumps for perf event samples. This needs
428 access to the user stack pointer which is not unified across
431 config HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
434 config HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL_RELATIVE
437 config MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
440 config MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE
442 select MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
444 config MMU_GATHER_PAGE_SIZE
447 config MMU_GATHER_NO_RANGE
449 select MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS
451 config MMU_GATHER_NO_FLUSH_CACHE
454 config MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS
457 config MMU_GATHER_NO_GATHER
459 depends on MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
461 config ARCH_WANT_IRQS_OFF_ACTIVATE_MM
464 Temporary select until all architectures can be converted to have
465 irqs disabled over activate_mm. Architectures that do IPI based TLB
466 shootdowns should enable this.
468 # Use normal mm refcounting for MMU_LAZY_TLB kernel thread references.
469 # MMU_LAZY_TLB_REFCOUNT=n can improve the scalability of context switching
470 # to/from kernel threads when the same mm is running on a lot of CPUs (a large
471 # multi-threaded application), by reducing contention on the mm refcount.
473 # This can be disabled if the architecture ensures no CPUs are using an mm as a
474 # "lazy tlb" beyond its final refcount (i.e., by the time __mmdrop frees the mm
475 # or its kernel page tables). This could be arranged by arch_exit_mmap(), or
476 # final exit(2) TLB flush, for example.
478 # To implement this, an arch *must*:
479 # Ensure the _lazy_tlb variants of mmgrab/mmdrop are used when manipulating
480 # the lazy tlb reference of a kthread's ->active_mm (non-arch code has been
481 # converted already).
482 config MMU_LAZY_TLB_REFCOUNT
484 depends on !MMU_LAZY_TLB_SHOOTDOWN
486 # This option allows MMU_LAZY_TLB_REFCOUNT=n. It ensures no CPUs are using an
487 # mm as a lazy tlb beyond its last reference count, by shooting down these
488 # users before the mm is deallocated. __mmdrop() first IPIs all CPUs that may
489 # be using the mm as a lazy tlb, so that they may switch themselves to using
490 # init_mm for their active mm. mm_cpumask(mm) is used to determine which CPUs
491 # may be using mm as a lazy tlb mm.
493 # To implement this, an arch *must*:
494 # - At the time of the final mmdrop of the mm, ensure mm_cpumask(mm) contains
495 # at least all possible CPUs in which the mm is lazy.
496 # - It must meet the requirements for MMU_LAZY_TLB_REFCOUNT=n (see above).
497 config MMU_LAZY_TLB_SHOOTDOWN
500 config ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
503 config ARCH_HAS_NMI_SAFE_THIS_CPU_OPS
506 config HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
509 This makes sure that struct pages are double word aligned and that
510 e.g. the SLUB allocator can perform double word atomic operations
511 on a struct page for better performance. However selecting this
512 might increase the size of a struct page by a word.
514 config HAVE_CMPXCHG_LOCAL
517 config HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE
520 config ARCH_WEAK_RELEASE_ACQUIRE
523 config ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
526 config ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
529 config ARCH_WANT_OLD_COMPAT_IPC
530 select ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
533 config HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
536 An arch should select this symbol to support seccomp mode 1 (the fixed
537 syscall policy), and must provide an overrides for __NR_seccomp_sigreturn,
538 and compat syscalls if the asm-generic/seccomp.h defaults need adjustment:
539 - __NR_seccomp_read_32
540 - __NR_seccomp_write_32
541 - __NR_seccomp_exit_32
542 - __NR_seccomp_sigreturn_32
544 config HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER
546 select HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
548 An arch should select this symbol if it provides all of these things:
549 - all the requirements for HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
551 - syscall_get_arguments()
553 - syscall_set_return_value()
554 - SIGSYS siginfo_t support
555 - secure_computing is called from a ptrace_event()-safe context
556 - secure_computing return value is checked and a return value of -1
557 results in the system call being skipped immediately.
558 - seccomp syscall wired up
559 - if !HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR, have SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE,
560 SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE_NR, SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE_NAME defined. If
561 COMPAT is supported, have the SECCOMP_ARCH_COMPAT* defines too.
564 prompt "Enable seccomp to safely execute untrusted bytecode"
566 depends on HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
568 This kernel feature is useful for number crunching applications
569 that may need to handle untrusted bytecode during their
570 execution. By using pipes or other transports made available
571 to the process as file descriptors supporting the read/write
572 syscalls, it's possible to isolate those applications in their
573 own address space using seccomp. Once seccomp is enabled via
574 prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP) or the seccomp() syscall, it cannot be
575 disabled and the task is only allowed to execute a few safe
576 syscalls defined by each seccomp mode.
580 config SECCOMP_FILTER
582 depends on HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER && SECCOMP && NET
584 Enable tasks to build secure computing environments defined
585 in terms of Berkeley Packet Filter programs which implement
586 task-defined system call filtering polices.
588 See Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst for details.
590 config SECCOMP_CACHE_DEBUG
591 bool "Show seccomp filter cache status in /proc/pid/seccomp_cache"
592 depends on SECCOMP_FILTER && !HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR
595 This enables the /proc/pid/seccomp_cache interface to monitor
596 seccomp cache data. The file format is subject to change. Reading
597 the file requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
599 This option is for debugging only. Enabling presents the risk that
600 an adversary may be able to infer the seccomp filter logic.
604 config HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK
607 An architecture should select this if it has the code which
608 fills the used part of the kernel stack with the STACKLEAK_POISON
609 value before returning from system calls.
611 config HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
614 An arch should select this symbol if:
615 - it has implemented a stack canary (e.g. __stack_chk_guard)
617 config STACKPROTECTOR
618 bool "Stack Protector buffer overflow detection"
619 depends on HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
620 depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector)
623 This option turns on the "stack-protector" GCC feature. This
624 feature puts, at the beginning of functions, a canary value on
625 the stack just before the return address, and validates
626 the value just before actually returning. Stack based buffer
627 overflows (that need to overwrite this return address) now also
628 overwrite the canary, which gets detected and the attack is then
629 neutralized via a kernel panic.
631 Functions will have the stack-protector canary logic added if they
632 have an 8-byte or larger character array on the stack.
634 This feature requires gcc version 4.2 or above, or a distribution
635 gcc with the feature backported ("-fstack-protector").
637 On an x86 "defconfig" build, this feature adds canary checks to
638 about 3% of all kernel functions, which increases kernel code size
641 config STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG
642 bool "Strong Stack Protector"
643 depends on STACKPROTECTOR
644 depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector-strong)
647 Functions will have the stack-protector canary logic added in any
648 of the following conditions:
650 - local variable's address used as part of the right hand side of an
651 assignment or function argument
652 - local variable is an array (or union containing an array),
653 regardless of array type or length
654 - uses register local variables
656 This feature requires gcc version 4.9 or above, or a distribution
657 gcc with the feature backported ("-fstack-protector-strong").
659 On an x86 "defconfig" build, this feature adds canary checks to
660 about 20% of all kernel functions, which increases the kernel code
663 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
666 An architecture should select this if it supports the compiler's
667 Shadow Call Stack and implements runtime support for shadow stack
670 config SHADOW_CALL_STACK
671 bool "Shadow Call Stack"
672 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
673 depends on DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS || DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS || !FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
675 This option enables the compiler's Shadow Call Stack, which
676 uses a shadow stack to protect function return addresses from
677 being overwritten by an attacker. More information can be found
678 in the compiler's documentation:
680 - Clang: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ShadowCallStack.html
681 - GCC: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Instrumentation-Options.html#Instrumentation-Options
683 Note that security guarantees in the kernel differ from the
684 ones documented for user space. The kernel must store addresses
685 of shadow stacks in memory, which means an attacker capable of
686 reading and writing arbitrary memory may be able to locate them
687 and hijack control flow by modifying the stacks.
692 Set by the arch code if it relies on code patching to insert the
693 shadow call stack push and pop instructions rather than on the
699 Selected if the kernel will be built using the compiler's LTO feature.
705 Selected if the kernel will be built using Clang's LTO feature.
707 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG
710 An architecture should select this option if it supports:
711 - compiling with Clang,
712 - compiling inline assembly with Clang's integrated assembler,
713 - and linking with LLD.
715 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN
718 An architecture should select this option if it can support Clang's
723 depends on CC_IS_CLANG && LD_IS_LLD && AS_IS_LLVM
724 depends on $(success,$(NM) --help | head -n 1 | grep -qi llvm)
725 depends on $(success,$(AR) --help | head -n 1 | grep -qi llvm)
726 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG
727 depends on !FTRACE_MCOUNT_USE_RECORDMCOUNT
728 depends on !KASAN || KASAN_HW_TAGS
729 depends on !GCOV_KERNEL
731 The compiler and Kconfig options support building with Clang's
735 prompt "Link Time Optimization (LTO)"
738 This option enables Link Time Optimization (LTO), which allows the
739 compiler to optimize binaries globally.
741 If unsure, select LTO_NONE. Note that LTO is very resource-intensive
742 so it's disabled by default.
747 Build the kernel normally, without Link Time Optimization (LTO).
749 config LTO_CLANG_FULL
750 bool "Clang Full LTO (EXPERIMENTAL)"
751 depends on HAS_LTO_CLANG
752 depends on !COMPILE_TEST
755 This option enables Clang's full Link Time Optimization (LTO), which
756 allows the compiler to optimize the kernel globally. If you enable
757 this option, the compiler generates LLVM bitcode instead of ELF
758 object files, and the actual compilation from bitcode happens at
759 the LTO link step, which may take several minutes depending on the
760 kernel configuration. More information can be found from LLVM's
763 https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html
765 During link time, this option can use a large amount of RAM, and
766 may take much longer than the ThinLTO option.
768 config LTO_CLANG_THIN
769 bool "Clang ThinLTO (EXPERIMENTAL)"
770 depends on HAS_LTO_CLANG && ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN
773 This option enables Clang's ThinLTO, which allows for parallel
774 optimization and faster incremental compiles compared to the
775 CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_FULL option. More information can be found
776 from Clang's documentation:
778 https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThinLTO.html
783 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
786 An architecture should select this option if it can support Clang's
787 Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) checking.
789 config ARCH_USES_CFI_TRAPS
793 bool "Use Clang's Control Flow Integrity (CFI)"
794 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
795 depends on $(cc-option,-fsanitize=kcfi)
797 This option enables Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity
798 (CFI) checking, where the compiler injects a runtime check to each
799 indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with
800 the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and
801 makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow
802 the modification of stored function pointers. More information can be
803 found from Clang's documentation:
805 https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html
807 config CFI_PERMISSIVE
808 bool "Use CFI in permissive mode"
811 When selected, Control Flow Integrity (CFI) violations result in a
812 warning instead of a kernel panic. This option should only be used
813 for finding indirect call type mismatches during development.
817 config HAVE_ARCH_WITHIN_STACK_FRAMES
820 An architecture should select this if it can walk the kernel stack
821 frames to determine if an object is part of either the arguments
822 or local variables (i.e. that it excludes saved return addresses,
823 and similar) by implementing an inline arch_within_stack_frames(),
824 which is used by CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY.
826 config HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING_USER
829 Provide kernel/user boundaries probes necessary for subsystems
830 that need it, such as userspace RCU extended quiescent state.
831 Syscalls need to be wrapped inside user_exit()-user_enter(), either
832 optimized behind static key or through the slow path using TIF_NOHZ
833 flag. Exceptions handlers must be wrapped as well. Irqs are already
834 protected inside ct_irq_enter/ct_irq_exit() but preemption or signal
835 handling on irq exit still need to be protected.
837 config HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING_USER_OFFSTACK
840 Architecture neither relies on exception_enter()/exception_exit()
841 nor on schedule_user(). Also preempt_schedule_notrace() and
842 preempt_schedule_irq() can't be called in a preemptible section
843 while context tracking is CONTEXT_USER. This feature reflects a sane
844 entry implementation where the following requirements are met on
845 critical entry code, ie: before user_exit() or after user_enter():
847 - Critical entry code isn't preemptible (or better yet:
849 - No use of RCU read side critical sections, unless ct_nmi_enter()
851 - No use of instrumentation, unless instrumentation_begin() got
857 Arch relies on TIF_NOHZ and syscall slow path to implement context
858 tracking calls to user_enter()/user_exit().
860 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
863 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_IDLE
866 Architecture has its own way to account idle CPU time and therefore
867 doesn't implement vtime_account_idle().
869 config ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME
872 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
876 With VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN, cputime_t becomes 64-bit.
877 Before enabling this option, arch code must be audited
878 to ensure there are no races in concurrent read/write of
879 cputime_t. For example, reading/writing 64-bit cputime_t on
880 some 32-bit arches may require multiple accesses, so proper
881 locking is needed to protect against concurrent accesses.
883 config HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
886 Archs need to ensure they use a high enough resolution clock to
887 support irq time accounting and then call enable_sched_clock_irqtime().
892 Architectures that select this are able to move page tables at the
893 PUD level. If there are only 3 page table levels, the move effectively
894 happens at the PGD level.
899 Archs that select this are able to move page tables at the PMD level.
901 config HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
904 config HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
907 config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
911 # Archs that select this would be capable of PMD-sized vmaps (i.e.,
912 # arch_vmap_pmd_supported() returns true). The VM_ALLOW_HUGE_VMAP flag
913 # must be used to enable allocations to use hugepages.
915 config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC
916 depends on HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
919 config ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
922 config HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY
925 config HAVE_MOD_ARCH_SPECIFIC
928 The arch uses struct mod_arch_specific to store data. Many arches
929 just need a simple module loader without arch specific data - those
930 should not enable this.
932 config MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA
935 Modules only use ELF RELA relocations. Modules with ELF REL
936 relocations will give an error.
938 config MODULES_USE_ELF_REL
941 Modules only use ELF REL relocations. Modules with ELF RELA
942 relocations will give an error.
944 config ARCH_WANTS_MODULES_DATA_IN_VMALLOC
947 For architectures like powerpc/32 which have constraints on module
948 allocation and need to allocate module data outside of module area.
950 config HAVE_IRQ_EXIT_ON_IRQ_STACK
953 Architecture doesn't only execute the irq handler on the irq stack
954 but also irq_exit(). This way we can process softirqs on this irq
955 stack instead of switching to a new one when we call __do_softirq()
956 in the end of an hardirq.
957 This spares a stack switch and improves cache usage on softirq
960 config HAVE_SOFTIRQ_ON_OWN_STACK
963 Architecture provides a function to run __do_softirq() on a
966 config SOFTIRQ_ON_OWN_STACK
967 def_bool HAVE_SOFTIRQ_ON_OWN_STACK && !PREEMPT_RT
969 config ALTERNATE_USER_ADDRESS_SPACE
972 Architectures set this when the CPU uses separate address
973 spaces for kernel and user space pointers. In this case, the
974 access_ok() check on a __user pointer is skipped.
976 config PGTABLE_LEVELS
980 config ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE
983 An architecture supports choosing randomized locations for
984 stack, mmap, brk, and ET_DYN. Defined functions:
986 - arch_randomize_brk()
988 config HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
991 An arch should select this symbol if it supports setting a variable
992 number of bits for use in establishing the base address for mmap
993 allocations, has MMU enabled and provides values for both:
994 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
995 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
997 config HAVE_EXIT_THREAD
1000 An architecture implements exit_thread.
1002 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
1005 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
1008 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT
1011 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
1012 int "Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address" if EXPERT
1013 range ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
1014 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT if ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT
1015 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
1016 depends on HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
1018 This value can be used to select the number of bits to use to
1019 determine the random offset to the base address of vma regions
1020 resulting from mmap allocations. This value will be bounded
1021 by the architecture's minimum and maximum supported values.
1023 This value can be changed after boot using the
1024 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits tunable
1026 config HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1029 An arch should select this symbol if it supports running applications
1030 in compatibility mode, supports setting a variable number of bits for
1031 use in establishing the base address for mmap allocations, has MMU
1032 enabled and provides values for both:
1033 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
1034 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
1036 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
1039 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
1042 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT
1045 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1046 int "Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address for compatible applications" if EXPERT
1047 range ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
1048 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT if ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT
1049 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
1050 depends on HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1052 This value can be used to select the number of bits to use to
1053 determine the random offset to the base address of vma regions
1054 resulting from mmap allocations for compatible applications This
1055 value will be bounded by the architecture's minimum and maximum
1058 This value can be changed after boot using the
1059 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits tunable
1061 config HAVE_ARCH_COMPAT_MMAP_BASES
1064 This allows 64bit applications to invoke 32-bit mmap() syscall
1065 and vice-versa 32-bit applications to call 64-bit mmap().
1066 Required for applications doing different bitness syscalls.
1068 config PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_64KB
1070 depends on !ARM64_64K_PAGES
1071 depends on !IA64_PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1072 depends on !PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1073 depends on !PARISC_PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1074 depends on PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_256KB
1076 config PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_256KB
1078 depends on !PAGE_SIZE_256KB
1080 # This allows to use a set of generic functions to determine mmap base
1081 # address by giving priority to top-down scheme only if the process
1082 # is not in legacy mode (compat task, unlimited stack size or
1083 # sysctl_legacy_va_layout).
1084 # Architecture that selects this option can provide its own version of:
1086 config ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT
1089 select ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE
1094 config HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK
1097 config HAVE_NOINSTR_HACK
1100 config HAVE_NOINSTR_VALIDATION
1103 config HAVE_UACCESS_VALIDATION
1107 config HAVE_STACK_VALIDATION
1110 Architecture supports objtool compile-time frame pointer rule
1113 config HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE
1116 Architecture has either save_stack_trace_tsk_reliable() or
1117 arch_stack_walk_reliable() function which only returns a stack trace
1118 if it can guarantee the trace is reliable.
1120 config HAVE_ARCH_HASH
1124 If this is set, the architecture provides an <asm/hash.h>
1125 file which provides platform-specific implementations of some
1126 functions in <linux/hash.h> or fs/namei.c.
1128 config HAVE_ARCH_NVRAM_OPS
1137 config CLONE_BACKWARDS
1140 Architecture has tls passed as the 4th argument of clone(2),
1143 config CLONE_BACKWARDS2
1146 Architecture has the first two arguments of clone(2) swapped.
1148 config CLONE_BACKWARDS3
1151 Architecture has tls passed as the 3rd argument of clone(2),
1154 config ODD_RT_SIGACTION
1157 Architecture has unusual rt_sigaction(2) arguments
1159 config OLD_SIGSUSPEND
1162 Architecture has old sigsuspend(2) syscall, of one-argument variety
1164 config OLD_SIGSUSPEND3
1167 Even weirder antique ABI - three-argument sigsuspend(2)
1169 config OLD_SIGACTION
1172 Architecture has old sigaction(2) syscall. Nope, not the same
1173 as OLD_SIGSUSPEND | OLD_SIGSUSPEND3 - alpha has sigsuspend(2),
1174 but fairly different variant of sigaction(2), thanks to OSF/1
1177 config COMPAT_OLD_SIGACTION
1180 config COMPAT_32BIT_TIME
1181 bool "Provide system calls for 32-bit time_t"
1182 default !64BIT || COMPAT
1184 This enables 32 bit time_t support in addition to 64 bit time_t support.
1185 This is relevant on all 32-bit architectures, and 64-bit architectures
1186 as part of compat syscall handling.
1188 config ARCH_NO_PREEMPT
1191 config ARCH_EPHEMERAL_INODES
1194 An arch should select this symbol if it doesn't keep track of inode
1195 instances on its own, but instead relies on something else (e.g. the
1196 host kernel for an UML kernel).
1198 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_RT
1201 config CPU_NO_EFFICIENT_FFS
1204 config HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
1207 An arch should select this symbol if it can support kernel stacks
1208 in vmalloc space. This means:
1210 - vmalloc space must be large enough to hold many kernel stacks.
1211 This may rule out many 32-bit architectures.
1213 - Stacks in vmalloc space need to work reliably. For example, if
1214 vmap page tables are created on demand, either this mechanism
1215 needs to work while the stack points to a virtual address with
1216 unpopulated page tables or arch code (switch_to() and switch_mm(),
1217 most likely) needs to ensure that the stack's page table entries
1218 are populated before running on a possibly unpopulated stack.
1220 - If the stack overflows into a guard page, something reasonable
1221 should happen. The definition of "reasonable" is flexible, but
1222 instantly rebooting without logging anything would be unfriendly.
1226 bool "Use a virtually-mapped stack"
1227 depends on HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
1228 depends on !KASAN || KASAN_HW_TAGS || KASAN_VMALLOC
1230 Enable this if you want the use virtually-mapped kernel stacks
1231 with guard pages. This causes kernel stack overflows to be
1232 caught immediately rather than causing difficult-to-diagnose
1235 To use this with software KASAN modes, the architecture must support
1236 backing virtual mappings with real shadow memory, and KASAN_VMALLOC
1239 config HAVE_ARCH_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1242 An arch should select this symbol if it can support kernel stack
1243 offset randomization with calls to add_random_kstack_offset()
1244 during syscall entry and choose_random_kstack_offset() during
1245 syscall exit. Careful removal of -fstack-protector-strong and
1246 -fstack-protector should also be applied to the entry code and
1247 closely examined, as the artificial stack bump looks like an array
1248 to the compiler, so it will attempt to add canary checks regardless
1249 of the static branch state.
1251 config RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1252 bool "Support for randomizing kernel stack offset on syscall entry" if EXPERT
1254 depends on HAVE_ARCH_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1255 depends on INIT_STACK_NONE || !CC_IS_CLANG || CLANG_VERSION >= 140000
1257 The kernel stack offset can be randomized (after pt_regs) by
1258 roughly 5 bits of entropy, frustrating memory corruption
1259 attacks that depend on stack address determinism or
1260 cross-syscall address exposures.
1262 The feature is controlled via the "randomize_kstack_offset=on/off"
1263 kernel boot param, and if turned off has zero overhead due to its use
1264 of static branches (see JUMP_LABEL).
1268 config RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT
1269 bool "Default state of kernel stack offset randomization"
1270 depends on RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1272 Kernel stack offset randomization is controlled by kernel boot param
1273 "randomize_kstack_offset=on/off", and this config chooses the default
1276 config ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1279 config ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1282 config ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1285 config STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1286 bool "Make kernel text and rodata read-only" if ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1287 depends on ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1288 default !ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX || ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1290 If this is set, kernel text and rodata memory will be made read-only,
1291 and non-text memory will be made non-executable. This provides
1292 protection against certain security exploits (e.g. executing the heap
1295 These features are considered standard security practice these days.
1296 You should say Y here in almost all cases.
1298 config ARCH_HAS_STRICT_MODULE_RWX
1301 config STRICT_MODULE_RWX
1302 bool "Set loadable kernel module data as NX and text as RO" if ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1303 depends on ARCH_HAS_STRICT_MODULE_RWX && MODULES
1304 default !ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX || ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1306 If this is set, module text and rodata memory will be made read-only,
1307 and non-text memory will be made non-executable. This provides
1308 protection against certain security exploits (e.g. writing to text)
1310 # select if the architecture provides an asm/dma-direct.h header
1311 config ARCH_HAS_PHYS_TO_DMA
1314 config HAVE_ARCH_COMPILER_H
1317 An architecture can select this if it provides an
1318 asm/compiler.h header that should be included after
1319 linux/compiler-*.h in order to override macro definitions that those
1320 headers generally provide.
1322 config HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS
1325 May be selected by an architecture if it supports place-relative
1326 32-bit relocations, both in the toolchain and in the module loader,
1327 in which case relative references can be used in special sections
1328 for PCI fixup, initcalls etc which are only half the size on 64 bit
1329 architectures, and don't require runtime relocation on relocatable
1332 config ARCH_USE_MEMREMAP_PROT
1335 config LOCK_EVENT_COUNTS
1336 bool "Locking event counts collection"
1339 Enable light-weight counting of various locking related events
1340 in the system with minimal performance impact. This reduces
1341 the chance of application behavior change because of timing
1342 differences. The counts are reported via debugfs.
1344 # Select if the architecture has support for applying RELR relocations.
1345 config ARCH_HAS_RELR
1349 bool "Use RELR relocation packing"
1350 depends on ARCH_HAS_RELR && TOOLS_SUPPORT_RELR
1353 Store the kernel's dynamic relocations in the RELR relocation packing
1354 format. Requires a compatible linker (LLD supports this feature), as
1355 well as compatible NM and OBJCOPY utilities (llvm-nm and llvm-objcopy
1358 config ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT
1361 config ARCH_HAS_CC_PLATFORM
1364 config HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR
1367 An architecture should select this if its syscall numbering is sparse
1368 to save space. For example, MIPS architecture has a syscall array with
1369 entries at 4000, 5000 and 6000 locations. This option turns on syscall
1370 related optimizations for a given architecture.
1372 config ARCH_HAS_VDSO_DATA
1375 config HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1378 config HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE
1380 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1383 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1386 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC_CALL
1388 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1389 select HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1391 An architecture should select this if it can handle the preemption
1392 model being selected at boot time using static calls.
1394 Where an architecture selects HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE, any call to a
1395 preemption function will be patched directly.
1397 Where an architecture does not select HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE, any
1398 call to a preemption function will go through a trampoline, and the
1399 trampoline will be patched.
1401 It is strongly advised to support inline static call to avoid any
1404 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC_KEY
1406 depends on HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
1407 select HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1409 An architecture should select this if it can handle the preemption
1410 model being selected at boot time using static keys.
1412 Each preemption function will be given an early return based on a
1413 static key. This should have slightly lower overhead than non-inline
1414 static calls, as this effectively inlines each trampoline into the
1415 start of its callee. This may avoid redundant work, and may
1416 integrate better with CFI schemes.
1418 This will have greater overhead than using inline static calls as
1419 the call to the preemption function cannot be entirely elided.
1421 config ARCH_WANT_LD_ORPHAN_WARN
1424 An arch should select this symbol once all linker sections are explicitly
1425 included, size-asserted, or discarded in the linker scripts. This is
1426 important because we never want expected sections to be placed heuristically
1427 by the linker, since the locations of such sections can change between linker
1430 config HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
1433 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1436 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PAGE_TABLE_CHECK
1439 config ARCH_SPLIT_ARG64
1442 If a 32-bit architecture requires 64-bit arguments to be split into
1443 pairs of 32-bit arguments, select this option.
1445 config ARCH_HAS_ELFCORE_COMPAT
1448 config ARCH_HAS_PARANOID_L1D_FLUSH
1451 config ARCH_HAVE_TRACE_MMIO_ACCESS
1454 config DYNAMIC_SIGFRAME
1457 # Select, if arch has a named attribute group bound to NUMA device nodes.
1458 config HAVE_ARCH_NODE_DEV_GROUP
1461 config ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG
1464 Architectures that select this option are capable of setting the
1465 accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries when using them as part of linear
1466 address translations. Page table walkers that clear the accessed bit
1467 may use this capability to reduce their search space.
1469 source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig"
1471 source "scripts/gcc-plugins/Kconfig"
1473 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_4B
1476 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_8B
1479 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_16B
1482 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_32B
1485 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_64B
1488 config FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT
1490 default 64 if FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_64B
1491 default 32 if FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_32B
1492 default 16 if FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_16B
1493 default 8 if FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_8B
1494 default 4 if FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT_4B