1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 # General architecture dependent options
7 # Note: arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig needs to be included first so that it can
8 # override the default values in this file.
10 source "arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig"
12 menu "General architecture-dependent options"
27 config ARCH_HAS_SUBPAGE_FAULTS
30 Select if the architecture can check permissions at sub-page
31 granularity (e.g. arm64 MTE). The probe_user_*() functions
43 depends on HAVE_KPROBES
45 select TASKS_RCU if PREEMPTION
47 Kprobes allows you to trap at almost any kernel address and
48 execute a callback function. register_kprobe() establishes
49 a probepoint and specifies the callback. Kprobes is useful
50 for kernel debugging, non-intrusive instrumentation and testing.
54 bool "Optimize very unlikely/likely branches"
55 depends on HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
56 depends on CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO
57 select OBJTOOL if HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK
59 This option enables a transparent branch optimization that
60 makes certain almost-always-true or almost-always-false branch
61 conditions even cheaper to execute within the kernel.
63 Certain performance-sensitive kernel code, such as trace points,
64 scheduler functionality, networking code and KVM have such
65 branches and include support for this optimization technique.
67 If it is detected that the compiler has support for "asm goto",
68 the kernel will compile such branches with just a nop
69 instruction. When the condition flag is toggled to true, the
70 nop will be converted to a jump instruction to execute the
71 conditional block of instructions.
73 This technique lowers overhead and stress on the branch prediction
74 of the processor and generally makes the kernel faster. The update
75 of the condition is slower, but those are always very rare.
77 ( On 32-bit x86, the necessary options added to the compiler
78 flags may increase the size of the kernel slightly. )
80 config STATIC_KEYS_SELFTEST
81 bool "Static key selftest"
84 Boot time self-test of the branch patching code.
86 config STATIC_CALL_SELFTEST
87 bool "Static call selftest"
88 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
90 Boot time self-test of the call patching code.
94 depends on KPROBES && HAVE_OPTPROBES
95 select TASKS_RCU if PREEMPTION
97 config KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
99 depends on KPROBES && HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
100 depends on DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
102 If function tracer is enabled and the arch supports full
103 passing of pt_regs to function tracing, then kprobes can
104 optimize on top of function tracing.
108 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_UPROBES
110 Uprobes is the user-space counterpart to kprobes: they
111 enable instrumentation applications (such as 'perf probe')
112 to establish unintrusive probes in user-space binaries and
113 libraries, by executing handler functions when the probes
114 are hit by user-space applications.
116 ( These probes come in the form of single-byte breakpoints,
117 managed by the kernel and kept transparent to the probed
120 config HAVE_64BIT_ALIGNED_ACCESS
121 def_bool 64BIT && !HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
123 Some architectures require 64 bit accesses to be 64 bit
124 aligned, which also requires structs containing 64 bit values
125 to be 64 bit aligned too. This includes some 32 bit
126 architectures which can do 64 bit accesses, as well as 64 bit
127 architectures without unaligned access.
129 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if 64 bit
130 accesses are required to be 64 bit aligned in this way even
131 though it is not a 64 bit architecture.
133 See Documentation/core-api/unaligned-memory-access.rst for
134 more information on the topic of unaligned memory accesses.
136 config HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
139 Some architectures are unable to perform unaligned accesses
140 without the use of get_unaligned/put_unaligned. Others are
141 unable to perform such accesses efficiently (e.g. trap on
142 unaligned access and require fixing it up in the exception
145 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it can
146 perform unaligned accesses efficiently to allow different
147 code paths to be selected for these cases. Some network
148 drivers, for example, could opt to not fix up alignment
149 problems with received packets if doing so would not help
152 See Documentation/core-api/unaligned-memory-access.rst for more
153 information on the topic of unaligned memory accesses.
155 config ARCH_USE_BUILTIN_BSWAP
158 Modern versions of GCC (since 4.4) have builtin functions
159 for handling byte-swapping. Using these, instead of the old
160 inline assembler that the architecture code provides in the
161 __arch_bswapXX() macros, allows the compiler to see what's
162 happening and offers more opportunity for optimisation. In
163 particular, the compiler will be able to combine the byteswap
164 with a nearby load or store and use load-and-swap or
165 store-and-swap instructions if the architecture has them. It
166 should almost *never* result in code which is worse than the
167 hand-coded assembler in <asm/swab.h>. But just in case it
168 does, the use of the builtins is optional.
170 Any architecture with load-and-swap or store-and-swap
171 instructions should set this. And it shouldn't hurt to set it
172 on architectures that don't have such instructions.
176 depends on KPROBES && (HAVE_KRETPROBES || HAVE_RETHOOK)
178 config KRETPROBE_ON_RETHOOK
180 depends on HAVE_RETHOOK
181 depends on KRETPROBES
184 config USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
186 depends on HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
188 Provide a kernel-internal notification when a cpu is about to
191 config HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT
197 config HAVE_KRETPROBES
200 config HAVE_OPTPROBES
203 config HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
206 config ARCH_CORRECT_STACKTRACE_ON_KRETPROBE
209 Since kretprobes modifies return address on the stack, the
210 stacktrace may see the kretprobe trampoline address instead
211 of correct one. If the architecture stacktrace code and
212 unwinder can adjust such entries, select this configuration.
214 config HAVE_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION
220 config HAVE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTORS
223 config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
227 # An arch should select this if it provides all these things:
229 # task_pt_regs() in asm/processor.h or asm/ptrace.h
230 # arch_has_single_step() if there is hardware single-step support
231 # arch_has_block_step() if there is hardware block-step support
232 # asm/syscall.h supplying asm-generic/syscall.h interface
233 # linux/regset.h user_regset interfaces
234 # CORE_DUMP_USE_REGSET #define'd in linux/elf.h
235 # TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE calls ptrace_report_syscall_{entry,exit}
236 # TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME calls resume_user_mode_work()
238 config HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
241 config HAVE_DMA_CONTIGUOUS
244 config GENERIC_SMP_IDLE_THREAD
247 config GENERIC_IDLE_POLL_SETUP
250 config ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE
253 An architecture should select this when it can successfully
254 build and run with CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE.
257 # Select if the arch provides a historic keepinit alias for the retain_initrd
258 # command line option
260 config ARCH_HAS_KEEPINITRD
263 # Select if arch has all set_memory_ro/rw/x/nx() functions in asm/cacheflush.h
264 config ARCH_HAS_SET_MEMORY
267 # Select if arch has all set_direct_map_invalid/default() functions
268 config ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP
272 # Select if the architecture provides the arch_dma_set_uncached symbol to
273 # either provide an uncached segment alias for a DMA allocation, or
274 # to remap the page tables in place.
276 config ARCH_HAS_DMA_SET_UNCACHED
280 # Select if the architectures provides the arch_dma_clear_uncached symbol
281 # to undo an in-place page table remap for uncached access.
283 config ARCH_HAS_DMA_CLEAR_UNCACHED
286 # Select if arch init_task must go in the __init_task_data section
287 config ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ON_STACK
290 # Select if arch has its private alloc_task_struct() function
291 config ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
294 config HAVE_ARCH_THREAD_STRUCT_WHITELIST
296 depends on !ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
298 An architecture should select this to provide hardened usercopy
299 knowledge about what region of the thread_struct should be
300 whitelisted for copying to userspace. Normally this is only the
301 FPU registers. Specifically, arch_thread_struct_whitelist()
302 should be implemented. Without this, the entire thread_struct
303 field in task_struct will be left whitelisted.
305 # Select if arch has its private alloc_thread_stack() function
306 config ARCH_THREAD_STACK_ALLOCATOR
309 # Select if arch wants to size task_struct dynamically via arch_task_struct_size:
310 config ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
313 config ARCH_WANTS_NO_INSTR
316 An architecture should select this if the noinstr macro is being used on
317 functions to denote that the toolchain should avoid instrumenting such
318 functions and is required for correctness.
320 config ARCH_32BIT_OFF_T
324 All new 32-bit architectures should have 64-bit off_t type on
325 userspace side which corresponds to the loff_t kernel type. This
326 is the requirement for modern ABIs. Some existing architectures
327 still support 32-bit off_t. This option is enabled for all such
328 architectures explicitly.
330 # Selected by 64 bit architectures which have a 32 bit f_tinode in struct ustat
331 config ARCH_32BIT_USTAT_F_TINODE
334 config HAVE_ASM_MODVERSIONS
337 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it provides
338 <asm/asm-prototypes.h> to support the module versioning for symbols
339 exported from assembly code.
341 config HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
344 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it supports
345 the API needed to access registers and stack entries from pt_regs,
346 declared in asm/ptrace.h
347 For example the kprobes-based event tracer needs this API.
351 depends on HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
353 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it
354 supports an implementation of restartable sequences.
356 config HAVE_FUNCTION_ARG_ACCESS_API
359 This symbol should be selected by an architecture if it supports
360 the API needed to access function arguments from pt_regs,
361 declared in asm/ptrace.h
363 config HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
365 depends on PERF_EVENTS
367 config HAVE_MIXED_BREAKPOINTS_REGS
369 depends on HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
371 Depending on the arch implementation of hardware breakpoints,
372 some of them have separate registers for data and instruction
373 breakpoints addresses, others have mixed registers to store
374 them but define the access type in a control register.
375 Select this option if your arch implements breakpoints under the
378 config HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
381 config HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI
384 System hardware can generate an NMI using the perf event
385 subsystem. Also has support for calculating CPU cycle events
386 to determine how many clock cycles in a given period.
388 config HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF
390 depends on HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI
392 The arch chooses to use the generic perf-NMI-based hardlockup
393 detector. Must define HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI.
395 config HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG
399 The arch provides a low level NMI watchdog. It provides
400 asm/nmi.h, and defines its own arch_touch_nmi_watchdog().
402 config HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_ARCH
404 select HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG
406 The arch chooses to provide its own hardlockup detector, which is
407 a superset of the HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG. It also conforms to config
408 interfaces and parameters provided by hardlockup detector subsystem.
410 config HAVE_PERF_REGS
413 Support selective register dumps for perf events. This includes
414 bit-mapping of each registers and a unique architecture id.
416 config HAVE_PERF_USER_STACK_DUMP
419 Support user stack dumps for perf event samples. This needs
420 access to the user stack pointer which is not unified across
423 config HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
426 config HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL_RELATIVE
429 config MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
432 config MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE
434 select MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
436 config MMU_GATHER_PAGE_SIZE
439 config MMU_GATHER_NO_RANGE
441 select MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS
443 config MMU_GATHER_NO_FLUSH_CACHE
446 config MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS
449 config MMU_GATHER_NO_GATHER
451 depends on MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
453 config ARCH_WANT_IRQS_OFF_ACTIVATE_MM
456 Temporary select until all architectures can be converted to have
457 irqs disabled over activate_mm. Architectures that do IPI based TLB
458 shootdowns should enable this.
460 config ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
463 config HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
466 This makes sure that struct pages are double word aligned and that
467 e.g. the SLUB allocator can perform double word atomic operations
468 on a struct page for better performance. However selecting this
469 might increase the size of a struct page by a word.
471 config HAVE_CMPXCHG_LOCAL
474 config HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE
477 config ARCH_WEAK_RELEASE_ACQUIRE
480 config ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
483 config ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
486 config ARCH_WANT_OLD_COMPAT_IPC
487 select ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
490 config HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
493 An arch should select this symbol to support seccomp mode 1 (the fixed
494 syscall policy), and must provide an overrides for __NR_seccomp_sigreturn,
495 and compat syscalls if the asm-generic/seccomp.h defaults need adjustment:
496 - __NR_seccomp_read_32
497 - __NR_seccomp_write_32
498 - __NR_seccomp_exit_32
499 - __NR_seccomp_sigreturn_32
501 config HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER
503 select HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
505 An arch should select this symbol if it provides all of these things:
506 - all the requirements for HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
508 - syscall_get_arguments()
510 - syscall_set_return_value()
511 - SIGSYS siginfo_t support
512 - secure_computing is called from a ptrace_event()-safe context
513 - secure_computing return value is checked and a return value of -1
514 results in the system call being skipped immediately.
515 - seccomp syscall wired up
516 - if !HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR, have SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE,
517 SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE_NR, SECCOMP_ARCH_NATIVE_NAME defined. If
518 COMPAT is supported, have the SECCOMP_ARCH_COMPAT* defines too.
521 prompt "Enable seccomp to safely execute untrusted bytecode"
523 depends on HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP
525 This kernel feature is useful for number crunching applications
526 that may need to handle untrusted bytecode during their
527 execution. By using pipes or other transports made available
528 to the process as file descriptors supporting the read/write
529 syscalls, it's possible to isolate those applications in their
530 own address space using seccomp. Once seccomp is enabled via
531 prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP) or the seccomp() syscall, it cannot be
532 disabled and the task is only allowed to execute a few safe
533 syscalls defined by each seccomp mode.
537 config SECCOMP_FILTER
539 depends on HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER && SECCOMP && NET
541 Enable tasks to build secure computing environments defined
542 in terms of Berkeley Packet Filter programs which implement
543 task-defined system call filtering polices.
545 See Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst for details.
547 config SECCOMP_CACHE_DEBUG
548 bool "Show seccomp filter cache status in /proc/pid/seccomp_cache"
549 depends on SECCOMP_FILTER && !HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR
552 This enables the /proc/pid/seccomp_cache interface to monitor
553 seccomp cache data. The file format is subject to change. Reading
554 the file requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
556 This option is for debugging only. Enabling presents the risk that
557 an adversary may be able to infer the seccomp filter logic.
561 config HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK
564 An architecture should select this if it has the code which
565 fills the used part of the kernel stack with the STACKLEAK_POISON
566 value before returning from system calls.
568 config HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
571 An arch should select this symbol if:
572 - it has implemented a stack canary (e.g. __stack_chk_guard)
574 config STACKPROTECTOR
575 bool "Stack Protector buffer overflow detection"
576 depends on HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
577 depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector)
580 This option turns on the "stack-protector" GCC feature. This
581 feature puts, at the beginning of functions, a canary value on
582 the stack just before the return address, and validates
583 the value just before actually returning. Stack based buffer
584 overflows (that need to overwrite this return address) now also
585 overwrite the canary, which gets detected and the attack is then
586 neutralized via a kernel panic.
588 Functions will have the stack-protector canary logic added if they
589 have an 8-byte or larger character array on the stack.
591 This feature requires gcc version 4.2 or above, or a distribution
592 gcc with the feature backported ("-fstack-protector").
594 On an x86 "defconfig" build, this feature adds canary checks to
595 about 3% of all kernel functions, which increases kernel code size
598 config STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG
599 bool "Strong Stack Protector"
600 depends on STACKPROTECTOR
601 depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector-strong)
604 Functions will have the stack-protector canary logic added in any
605 of the following conditions:
607 - local variable's address used as part of the right hand side of an
608 assignment or function argument
609 - local variable is an array (or union containing an array),
610 regardless of array type or length
611 - uses register local variables
613 This feature requires gcc version 4.9 or above, or a distribution
614 gcc with the feature backported ("-fstack-protector-strong").
616 On an x86 "defconfig" build, this feature adds canary checks to
617 about 20% of all kernel functions, which increases the kernel code
620 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
623 An architecture should select this if it supports the compiler's
624 Shadow Call Stack and implements runtime support for shadow stack
627 config SHADOW_CALL_STACK
628 bool "Shadow Call Stack"
629 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
630 depends on DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS || !FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
632 This option enables the compiler's Shadow Call Stack, which
633 uses a shadow stack to protect function return addresses from
634 being overwritten by an attacker. More information can be found
635 in the compiler's documentation:
637 - Clang: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ShadowCallStack.html
638 - GCC: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Instrumentation-Options.html#Instrumentation-Options
640 Note that security guarantees in the kernel differ from the
641 ones documented for user space. The kernel must store addresses
642 of shadow stacks in memory, which means an attacker capable of
643 reading and writing arbitrary memory may be able to locate them
644 and hijack control flow by modifying the stacks.
649 Selected if the kernel will be built using the compiler's LTO feature.
655 Selected if the kernel will be built using Clang's LTO feature.
657 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG
660 An architecture should select this option if it supports:
661 - compiling with Clang,
662 - compiling inline assembly with Clang's integrated assembler,
663 - and linking with LLD.
665 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN
668 An architecture should select this option if it can support Clang's
673 depends on CC_IS_CLANG && LD_IS_LLD && AS_IS_LLVM
674 depends on $(success,$(NM) --help | head -n 1 | grep -qi llvm)
675 depends on $(success,$(AR) --help | head -n 1 | grep -qi llvm)
676 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG
677 depends on !FTRACE_MCOUNT_USE_RECORDMCOUNT
678 depends on !KASAN || KASAN_HW_TAGS
679 depends on !GCOV_KERNEL
681 The compiler and Kconfig options support building with Clang's
685 prompt "Link Time Optimization (LTO)"
688 This option enables Link Time Optimization (LTO), which allows the
689 compiler to optimize binaries globally.
691 If unsure, select LTO_NONE. Note that LTO is very resource-intensive
692 so it's disabled by default.
697 Build the kernel normally, without Link Time Optimization (LTO).
699 config LTO_CLANG_FULL
700 bool "Clang Full LTO (EXPERIMENTAL)"
701 depends on HAS_LTO_CLANG
702 depends on !COMPILE_TEST
705 This option enables Clang's full Link Time Optimization (LTO), which
706 allows the compiler to optimize the kernel globally. If you enable
707 this option, the compiler generates LLVM bitcode instead of ELF
708 object files, and the actual compilation from bitcode happens at
709 the LTO link step, which may take several minutes depending on the
710 kernel configuration. More information can be found from LLVM's
713 https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html
715 During link time, this option can use a large amount of RAM, and
716 may take much longer than the ThinLTO option.
718 config LTO_CLANG_THIN
719 bool "Clang ThinLTO (EXPERIMENTAL)"
720 depends on HAS_LTO_CLANG && ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN
723 This option enables Clang's ThinLTO, which allows for parallel
724 optimization and faster incremental compiles compared to the
725 CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_FULL option. More information can be found
726 from Clang's documentation:
728 https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThinLTO.html
733 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
736 An architecture should select this option if it can support Clang's
737 Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) checking.
740 bool "Use Clang's Control Flow Integrity (CFI)"
741 depends on LTO_CLANG && ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
742 depends on CLANG_VERSION >= 140000
745 This option enables Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity
746 (CFI) checking, where the compiler injects a runtime check to each
747 indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with
748 the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and
749 makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow
750 the modification of stored function pointers. More information can be
751 found from Clang's documentation:
753 https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html
755 config CFI_CLANG_SHADOW
756 bool "Use CFI shadow to speed up cross-module checks"
758 depends on CFI_CLANG && MODULES
760 If you select this option, the kernel builds a fast look-up table of
761 CFI check functions in loaded modules to reduce performance overhead.
765 config CFI_PERMISSIVE
766 bool "Use CFI in permissive mode"
769 When selected, Control Flow Integrity (CFI) violations result in a
770 warning instead of a kernel panic. This option should only be used
771 for finding indirect call type mismatches during development.
775 config HAVE_ARCH_WITHIN_STACK_FRAMES
778 An architecture should select this if it can walk the kernel stack
779 frames to determine if an object is part of either the arguments
780 or local variables (i.e. that it excludes saved return addresses,
781 and similar) by implementing an inline arch_within_stack_frames(),
782 which is used by CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY.
784 config HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING
787 Provide kernel/user boundaries probes necessary for subsystems
788 that need it, such as userspace RCU extended quiescent state.
789 Syscalls need to be wrapped inside user_exit()-user_enter(), either
790 optimized behind static key or through the slow path using TIF_NOHZ
791 flag. Exceptions handlers must be wrapped as well. Irqs are already
792 protected inside rcu_irq_enter/rcu_irq_exit() but preemption or signal
793 handling on irq exit still need to be protected.
795 config HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING_OFFSTACK
798 Architecture neither relies on exception_enter()/exception_exit()
799 nor on schedule_user(). Also preempt_schedule_notrace() and
800 preempt_schedule_irq() can't be called in a preemptible section
801 while context tracking is CONTEXT_USER. This feature reflects a sane
802 entry implementation where the following requirements are met on
803 critical entry code, ie: before user_exit() or after user_enter():
805 - Critical entry code isn't preemptible (or better yet:
807 - No use of RCU read side critical sections, unless rcu_nmi_enter()
809 - No use of instrumentation, unless instrumentation_begin() got
815 Arch relies on TIF_NOHZ and syscall slow path to implement context
816 tracking calls to user_enter()/user_exit().
818 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
821 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_IDLE
824 Architecture has its own way to account idle CPU time and therefore
825 doesn't implement vtime_account_idle().
827 config ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME
830 config HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
834 With VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN, cputime_t becomes 64-bit.
835 Before enabling this option, arch code must be audited
836 to ensure there are no races in concurrent read/write of
837 cputime_t. For example, reading/writing 64-bit cputime_t on
838 some 32-bit arches may require multiple accesses, so proper
839 locking is needed to protect against concurrent accesses.
841 config HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
844 Archs need to ensure they use a high enough resolution clock to
845 support irq time accounting and then call enable_sched_clock_irqtime().
850 Architectures that select this are able to move page tables at the
851 PUD level. If there are only 3 page table levels, the move effectively
852 happens at the PGD level.
857 Archs that select this are able to move page tables at the PMD level.
859 config HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
862 config HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
865 config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
869 # Archs that select this would be capable of PMD-sized vmaps (i.e.,
870 # arch_vmap_pmd_supported() returns true). The VM_ALLOW_HUGE_VMAP flag
871 # must be used to enable allocations to use hugepages.
873 config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC
874 depends on HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
877 config ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
880 config HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY
883 config HAVE_MOD_ARCH_SPECIFIC
886 The arch uses struct mod_arch_specific to store data. Many arches
887 just need a simple module loader without arch specific data - those
888 should not enable this.
890 config MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA
893 Modules only use ELF RELA relocations. Modules with ELF REL
894 relocations will give an error.
896 config MODULES_USE_ELF_REL
899 Modules only use ELF REL relocations. Modules with ELF RELA
900 relocations will give an error.
902 config ARCH_WANTS_MODULES_DATA_IN_VMALLOC
905 For architectures like powerpc/32 which have constraints on module
906 allocation and need to allocate module data outside of module area.
908 config HAVE_IRQ_EXIT_ON_IRQ_STACK
911 Architecture doesn't only execute the irq handler on the irq stack
912 but also irq_exit(). This way we can process softirqs on this irq
913 stack instead of switching to a new one when we call __do_softirq()
914 in the end of an hardirq.
915 This spares a stack switch and improves cache usage on softirq
918 config HAVE_SOFTIRQ_ON_OWN_STACK
921 Architecture provides a function to run __do_softirq() on a
924 config ALTERNATE_USER_ADDRESS_SPACE
927 Architectures set this when the CPU uses separate address
928 spaces for kernel and user space pointers. In this case, the
929 access_ok() check on a __user pointer is skipped.
931 config PGTABLE_LEVELS
935 config ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE
938 An architecture supports choosing randomized locations for
939 stack, mmap, brk, and ET_DYN. Defined functions:
941 - arch_randomize_brk()
943 config HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
946 An arch should select this symbol if it supports setting a variable
947 number of bits for use in establishing the base address for mmap
948 allocations, has MMU enabled and provides values for both:
949 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
950 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
952 config HAVE_EXIT_THREAD
955 An architecture implements exit_thread.
957 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
960 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
963 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT
966 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
967 int "Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address" if EXPERT
968 range ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MAX
969 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT if ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_DEFAULT
970 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS_MIN
971 depends on HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
973 This value can be used to select the number of bits to use to
974 determine the random offset to the base address of vma regions
975 resulting from mmap allocations. This value will be bounded
976 by the architecture's minimum and maximum supported values.
978 This value can be changed after boot using the
979 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits tunable
981 config HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
984 An arch should select this symbol if it supports running applications
985 in compatibility mode, supports setting a variable number of bits for
986 use in establishing the base address for mmap allocations, has MMU
987 enabled and provides values for both:
988 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
989 - ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
991 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
994 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
997 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT
1000 config ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1001 int "Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address for compatible applications" if EXPERT
1002 range ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MAX
1003 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT if ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_DEFAULT
1004 default ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS_MIN
1005 depends on HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1007 This value can be used to select the number of bits to use to
1008 determine the random offset to the base address of vma regions
1009 resulting from mmap allocations for compatible applications This
1010 value will be bounded by the architecture's minimum and maximum
1013 This value can be changed after boot using the
1014 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits tunable
1016 config HAVE_ARCH_COMPAT_MMAP_BASES
1019 This allows 64bit applications to invoke 32-bit mmap() syscall
1020 and vice-versa 32-bit applications to call 64-bit mmap().
1021 Required for applications doing different bitness syscalls.
1023 config PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_64KB
1025 depends on !ARM64_64K_PAGES
1026 depends on !IA64_PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1027 depends on !PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1028 depends on !PARISC_PAGE_SIZE_64KB
1029 depends on PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_256KB
1031 config PAGE_SIZE_LESS_THAN_256KB
1033 depends on !PAGE_SIZE_256KB
1035 # This allows to use a set of generic functions to determine mmap base
1036 # address by giving priority to top-down scheme only if the process
1037 # is not in legacy mode (compat task, unlimited stack size or
1038 # sysctl_legacy_va_layout).
1039 # Architecture that selects this option can provide its own version of:
1041 config ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT
1044 select ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE
1049 config HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK
1052 config HAVE_NOINSTR_HACK
1055 config HAVE_NOINSTR_VALIDATION
1058 config HAVE_UACCESS_VALIDATION
1062 config HAVE_STACK_VALIDATION
1065 Architecture supports objtool compile-time frame pointer rule
1068 config HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE
1071 Architecture has either save_stack_trace_tsk_reliable() or
1072 arch_stack_walk_reliable() function which only returns a stack trace
1073 if it can guarantee the trace is reliable.
1075 config HAVE_ARCH_HASH
1079 If this is set, the architecture provides an <asm/hash.h>
1080 file which provides platform-specific implementations of some
1081 functions in <linux/hash.h> or fs/namei.c.
1083 config HAVE_ARCH_NVRAM_OPS
1092 config CLONE_BACKWARDS
1095 Architecture has tls passed as the 4th argument of clone(2),
1098 config CLONE_BACKWARDS2
1101 Architecture has the first two arguments of clone(2) swapped.
1103 config CLONE_BACKWARDS3
1106 Architecture has tls passed as the 3rd argument of clone(2),
1109 config ODD_RT_SIGACTION
1112 Architecture has unusual rt_sigaction(2) arguments
1114 config OLD_SIGSUSPEND
1117 Architecture has old sigsuspend(2) syscall, of one-argument variety
1119 config OLD_SIGSUSPEND3
1122 Even weirder antique ABI - three-argument sigsuspend(2)
1124 config OLD_SIGACTION
1127 Architecture has old sigaction(2) syscall. Nope, not the same
1128 as OLD_SIGSUSPEND | OLD_SIGSUSPEND3 - alpha has sigsuspend(2),
1129 but fairly different variant of sigaction(2), thanks to OSF/1
1132 config COMPAT_OLD_SIGACTION
1135 config COMPAT_32BIT_TIME
1136 bool "Provide system calls for 32-bit time_t"
1137 default !64BIT || COMPAT
1139 This enables 32 bit time_t support in addition to 64 bit time_t support.
1140 This is relevant on all 32-bit architectures, and 64-bit architectures
1141 as part of compat syscall handling.
1143 config ARCH_NO_PREEMPT
1146 config ARCH_EPHEMERAL_INODES
1149 An arch should select this symbol if it doesn't keep track of inode
1150 instances on its own, but instead relies on something else (e.g. the
1151 host kernel for an UML kernel).
1153 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_RT
1156 config CPU_NO_EFFICIENT_FFS
1159 config HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
1162 An arch should select this symbol if it can support kernel stacks
1163 in vmalloc space. This means:
1165 - vmalloc space must be large enough to hold many kernel stacks.
1166 This may rule out many 32-bit architectures.
1168 - Stacks in vmalloc space need to work reliably. For example, if
1169 vmap page tables are created on demand, either this mechanism
1170 needs to work while the stack points to a virtual address with
1171 unpopulated page tables or arch code (switch_to() and switch_mm(),
1172 most likely) needs to ensure that the stack's page table entries
1173 are populated before running on a possibly unpopulated stack.
1175 - If the stack overflows into a guard page, something reasonable
1176 should happen. The definition of "reasonable" is flexible, but
1177 instantly rebooting without logging anything would be unfriendly.
1181 bool "Use a virtually-mapped stack"
1182 depends on HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
1183 depends on !KASAN || KASAN_HW_TAGS || KASAN_VMALLOC
1185 Enable this if you want the use virtually-mapped kernel stacks
1186 with guard pages. This causes kernel stack overflows to be
1187 caught immediately rather than causing difficult-to-diagnose
1190 To use this with software KASAN modes, the architecture must support
1191 backing virtual mappings with real shadow memory, and KASAN_VMALLOC
1194 config HAVE_ARCH_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1197 An arch should select this symbol if it can support kernel stack
1198 offset randomization with calls to add_random_kstack_offset()
1199 during syscall entry and choose_random_kstack_offset() during
1200 syscall exit. Careful removal of -fstack-protector-strong and
1201 -fstack-protector should also be applied to the entry code and
1202 closely examined, as the artificial stack bump looks like an array
1203 to the compiler, so it will attempt to add canary checks regardless
1204 of the static branch state.
1206 config RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1207 bool "Support for randomizing kernel stack offset on syscall entry" if EXPERT
1209 depends on HAVE_ARCH_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1210 depends on INIT_STACK_NONE || !CC_IS_CLANG || CLANG_VERSION >= 140000
1212 The kernel stack offset can be randomized (after pt_regs) by
1213 roughly 5 bits of entropy, frustrating memory corruption
1214 attacks that depend on stack address determinism or
1215 cross-syscall address exposures.
1217 The feature is controlled via the "randomize_kstack_offset=on/off"
1218 kernel boot param, and if turned off has zero overhead due to its use
1219 of static branches (see JUMP_LABEL).
1223 config RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT
1224 bool "Default state of kernel stack offset randomization"
1225 depends on RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
1227 Kernel stack offset randomization is controlled by kernel boot param
1228 "randomize_kstack_offset=on/off", and this config chooses the default
1231 config ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1234 config ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1237 config ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1240 config STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1241 bool "Make kernel text and rodata read-only" if ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1242 depends on ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1243 default !ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX || ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1245 If this is set, kernel text and rodata memory will be made read-only,
1246 and non-text memory will be made non-executable. This provides
1247 protection against certain security exploits (e.g. executing the heap
1250 These features are considered standard security practice these days.
1251 You should say Y here in almost all cases.
1253 config ARCH_HAS_STRICT_MODULE_RWX
1256 config STRICT_MODULE_RWX
1257 bool "Set loadable kernel module data as NX and text as RO" if ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX
1258 depends on ARCH_HAS_STRICT_MODULE_RWX && MODULES
1259 default !ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX || ARCH_OPTIONAL_KERNEL_RWX_DEFAULT
1261 If this is set, module text and rodata memory will be made read-only,
1262 and non-text memory will be made non-executable. This provides
1263 protection against certain security exploits (e.g. writing to text)
1265 # select if the architecture provides an asm/dma-direct.h header
1266 config ARCH_HAS_PHYS_TO_DMA
1269 config HAVE_ARCH_COMPILER_H
1272 An architecture can select this if it provides an
1273 asm/compiler.h header that should be included after
1274 linux/compiler-*.h in order to override macro definitions that those
1275 headers generally provide.
1277 config HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS
1280 May be selected by an architecture if it supports place-relative
1281 32-bit relocations, both in the toolchain and in the module loader,
1282 in which case relative references can be used in special sections
1283 for PCI fixup, initcalls etc which are only half the size on 64 bit
1284 architectures, and don't require runtime relocation on relocatable
1287 config ARCH_USE_MEMREMAP_PROT
1290 config LOCK_EVENT_COUNTS
1291 bool "Locking event counts collection"
1294 Enable light-weight counting of various locking related events
1295 in the system with minimal performance impact. This reduces
1296 the chance of application behavior change because of timing
1297 differences. The counts are reported via debugfs.
1299 # Select if the architecture has support for applying RELR relocations.
1300 config ARCH_HAS_RELR
1304 bool "Use RELR relocation packing"
1305 depends on ARCH_HAS_RELR && TOOLS_SUPPORT_RELR
1308 Store the kernel's dynamic relocations in the RELR relocation packing
1309 format. Requires a compatible linker (LLD supports this feature), as
1310 well as compatible NM and OBJCOPY utilities (llvm-nm and llvm-objcopy
1313 config ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT
1316 config ARCH_HAS_CC_PLATFORM
1319 config HAVE_SPARSE_SYSCALL_NR
1322 An architecture should select this if its syscall numbering is sparse
1323 to save space. For example, MIPS architecture has a syscall array with
1324 entries at 4000, 5000 and 6000 locations. This option turns on syscall
1325 related optimizations for a given architecture.
1327 config ARCH_HAS_VDSO_DATA
1330 config HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1333 config HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE
1335 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1338 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1341 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC_CALL
1343 depends on HAVE_STATIC_CALL
1344 select HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1346 An architecture should select this if it can handle the preemption
1347 model being selected at boot time using static calls.
1349 Where an architecture selects HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE, any call to a
1350 preemption function will be patched directly.
1352 Where an architecture does not select HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE, any
1353 call to a preemption function will go through a trampoline, and the
1354 trampoline will be patched.
1356 It is strongly advised to support inline static call to avoid any
1359 config HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC_KEY
1361 depends on HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL && CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO
1362 select HAVE_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
1364 An architecture should select this if it can handle the preemption
1365 model being selected at boot time using static keys.
1367 Each preemption function will be given an early return based on a
1368 static key. This should have slightly lower overhead than non-inline
1369 static calls, as this effectively inlines each trampoline into the
1370 start of its callee. This may avoid redundant work, and may
1371 integrate better with CFI schemes.
1373 This will have greater overhead than using inline static calls as
1374 the call to the preemption function cannot be entirely elided.
1376 config ARCH_WANT_LD_ORPHAN_WARN
1379 An arch should select this symbol once all linker sections are explicitly
1380 included, size-asserted, or discarded in the linker scripts. This is
1381 important because we never want expected sections to be placed heuristically
1382 by the linker, since the locations of such sections can change between linker
1385 config HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
1388 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1391 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PAGE_TABLE_CHECK
1394 config ARCH_SPLIT_ARG64
1397 If a 32-bit architecture requires 64-bit arguments to be split into
1398 pairs of 32-bit arguments, select this option.
1400 config ARCH_HAS_ELFCORE_COMPAT
1403 config ARCH_HAS_PARANOID_L1D_FLUSH
1406 config DYNAMIC_SIGFRAME
1409 # Select, if arch has a named attribute group bound to NUMA device nodes.
1410 config HAVE_ARCH_NODE_DEV_GROUP
1413 source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig"
1415 source "scripts/gcc-plugins/Kconfig"