1 *> \brief <b> CSYSVXX computes the solution to system of linear equations A * X = B for SY matrices</b>
3 * =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
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21 * SUBROUTINE CSYSVXX( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV,
22 * EQUED, S, B, LDB, X, LDX, RCOND, RPVGRW, BERR,
23 * N_ERR_BNDS, ERR_BNDS_NORM, ERR_BNDS_COMP,
24 * NPARAMS, PARAMS, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
26 * .. Scalar Arguments ..
27 * CHARACTER EQUED, FACT, UPLO
28 * INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDAF, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS, NPARAMS,
32 * .. Array Arguments ..
34 * COMPLEX A( LDA, * ), AF( LDAF, * ), B( LDB, * ),
35 * $ X( LDX, * ), WORK( * )
36 * REAL S( * ), PARAMS( * ), BERR( * ),
37 * $ ERR_BNDS_NORM( NRHS, * ),
38 * $ ERR_BNDS_COMP( NRHS, * ), RWORK( * )
47 *> CSYSVXX uses the diagonal pivoting factorization to compute the
48 *> solution to a complex system of linear equations A * X = B, where
49 *> A is an N-by-N symmetric matrix and X and B are N-by-NRHS
52 *> If requested, both normwise and maximum componentwise error bounds
53 *> are returned. CSYSVXX will return a solution with a tiny
54 *> guaranteed error (O(eps) where eps is the working machine
55 *> precision) unless the matrix is very ill-conditioned, in which
56 *> case a warning is returned. Relevant condition numbers also are
57 *> calculated and returned.
59 *> CSYSVXX accepts user-provided factorizations and equilibration
60 *> factors; see the definitions of the FACT and EQUED options.
61 *> Solving with refinement and using a factorization from a previous
62 *> CSYSVXX call will also produce a solution with either O(eps)
63 *> errors or warnings, but we cannot make that claim for general
64 *> user-provided factorizations and equilibration factors if they
65 *> differ from what CSYSVXX would itself produce.
73 *> The following steps are performed:
75 *> 1. If FACT = 'E', real scaling factors are computed to equilibrate
78 *> diag(S)*A*diag(S) *inv(diag(S))*X = diag(S)*B
80 *> Whether or not the system will be equilibrated depends on the
81 *> scaling of the matrix A, but if equilibration is used, A is
82 *> overwritten by diag(S)*A*diag(S) and B by diag(S)*B.
84 *> 2. If FACT = 'N' or 'E', the LU decomposition is used to factor
85 *> the matrix A (after equilibration if FACT = 'E') as
87 *> A = U * D * U**T, if UPLO = 'U', or
88 *> A = L * D * L**T, if UPLO = 'L',
90 *> where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower)
91 *> triangular matrices, and D is symmetric and block diagonal with
92 *> 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks.
94 *> 3. If some D(i,i)=0, so that D is exactly singular, then the
95 *> routine returns with INFO = i. Otherwise, the factored form of A
96 *> is used to estimate the condition number of the matrix A (see
97 *> argument RCOND). If the reciprocal of the condition number is
98 *> less than machine precision, the routine still goes on to solve
99 *> for X and compute error bounds as described below.
101 *> 4. The system of equations is solved for X using the factored form
104 *> 5. By default (unless PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITREF_I) is set to zero),
105 *> the routine will use iterative refinement to try to get a small
106 *> error and error bounds. Refinement calculates the residual to at
107 *> least twice the working precision.
109 *> 6. If equilibration was used, the matrix X is premultiplied by
110 *> diag(R) so that it solves the original system before
118 *> Some optional parameters are bundled in the PARAMS array. These
119 *> settings determine how refinement is performed, but often the
120 *> defaults are acceptable. If the defaults are acceptable, users
121 *> can pass NPARAMS = 0 which prevents the source code from accessing
122 *> the PARAMS argument.
127 *> FACT is CHARACTER*1
128 *> Specifies whether or not the factored form of the matrix A is
129 *> supplied on entry, and if not, whether the matrix A should be
130 *> equilibrated before it is factored.
131 *> = 'F': On entry, AF and IPIV contain the factored form of A.
132 *> If EQUED is not 'N', the matrix A has been
133 *> equilibrated with scaling factors given by S.
134 *> A, AF, and IPIV are not modified.
135 *> = 'N': The matrix A will be copied to AF and factored.
136 *> = 'E': The matrix A will be equilibrated if necessary, then
137 *> copied to AF and factored.
142 *> UPLO is CHARACTER*1
143 *> = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored;
144 *> = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored.
150 *> The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the
157 *> The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
158 *> of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0.
163 *> A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N)
164 *> The symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N
165 *> upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular
166 *> part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular
167 *> part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading
168 *> N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower
169 *> triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper
170 *> triangular part of A is not referenced.
172 *> On exit, if FACT = 'E' and EQUED = 'Y', A is overwritten by
173 *> diag(S)*A*diag(S).
179 *> The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
184 *> AF is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAF,N)
185 *> If FACT = 'F', then AF is an input argument and on entry
186 *> contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers
187 *> used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A =
188 *> U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by SSYTRF.
190 *> If FACT = 'N', then AF is an output argument and on exit
191 *> returns the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers
192 *> used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A =
193 *> U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T.
199 *> The leading dimension of the array AF. LDAF >= max(1,N).
202 *> \param[in,out] IPIV
204 *> IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N)
205 *> If FACT = 'F', then IPIV is an input argument and on entry
206 *> contains details of the interchanges and the block
207 *> structure of D, as determined by SSYTRF. If IPIV(k) > 0,
208 *> then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were interchanged and
209 *> D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'U' and
210 *> IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and columns k-1 and
211 *> -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k) is a 2-by-2
212 *> diagonal block. If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k+1) < 0,
213 *> then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged
214 *> and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.
216 *> If FACT = 'N', then IPIV is an output argument and on exit
217 *> contains details of the interchanges and the block
218 *> structure of D, as determined by SSYTRF.
221 *> \param[in,out] EQUED
223 *> EQUED is CHARACTER*1
224 *> Specifies the form of equilibration that was done.
225 *> = 'N': No equilibration (always true if FACT = 'N').
226 *> = 'Y': Both row and column equilibration, i.e., A has been
227 *> replaced by diag(S) * A * diag(S).
228 *> EQUED is an input argument if FACT = 'F'; otherwise, it is an
234 *> S is REAL array, dimension (N)
235 *> The scale factors for A. If EQUED = 'Y', A is multiplied on
236 *> the left and right by diag(S). S is an input argument if FACT =
237 *> 'F'; otherwise, S is an output argument. If FACT = 'F' and EQUED
238 *> = 'Y', each element of S must be positive. If S is output, each
239 *> element of S is a power of the radix. If S is input, each element
240 *> of S should be a power of the radix to ensure a reliable solution
241 *> and error estimates. Scaling by powers of the radix does not cause
242 *> rounding errors unless the result underflows or overflows.
243 *> Rounding errors during scaling lead to refining with a matrix that
244 *> is not equivalent to the input matrix, producing error estimates
245 *> that may not be reliable.
250 *> B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
251 *> On entry, the N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
253 *> if EQUED = 'N', B is not modified;
254 *> if EQUED = 'Y', B is overwritten by diag(S)*B;
260 *> The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N).
265 *> X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
266 *> If INFO = 0, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X to the original
267 *> system of equations. Note that A and B are modified on exit if
268 *> EQUED .ne. 'N', and the solution to the equilibrated system is
275 *> The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N).
281 *> Reciprocal scaled condition number. This is an estimate of the
282 *> reciprocal Skeel condition number of the matrix A after
283 *> equilibration (if done). If this is less than the machine
284 *> precision (in particular, if it is zero), the matrix is singular
285 *> to working precision. Note that the error may still be small even
286 *> if this number is very small and the matrix appears ill-
290 *> \param[out] RPVGRW
293 *> Reciprocal pivot growth. On exit, this contains the reciprocal
294 *> pivot growth factor norm(A)/norm(U). The "max absolute element"
295 *> norm is used. If this is much less than 1, then the stability of
296 *> the LU factorization of the (equilibrated) matrix A could be poor.
297 *> This also means that the solution X, estimated condition numbers,
298 *> and error bounds could be unreliable. If factorization fails with
299 *> 0<INFO<=N, then this contains the reciprocal pivot growth factor
300 *> for the leading INFO columns of A.
305 *> BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS)
306 *> Componentwise relative backward error. This is the
307 *> componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j)
308 *> (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that
309 *> makes X(j) an exact solution).
312 *> \param[in] N_ERR_BNDS
314 *> N_ERR_BNDS is INTEGER
315 *> Number of error bounds to return for each right hand side
316 *> and each type (normwise or componentwise). See ERR_BNDS_NORM and
317 *> ERR_BNDS_COMP below.
320 *> \param[out] ERR_BNDS_NORM
322 *> ERR_BNDS_NORM is REAL array, dimension (NRHS, N_ERR_BNDS)
323 *> For each right-hand side, this array contains information about
324 *> various error bounds and condition numbers corresponding to the
325 *> normwise relative error, which is defined as follows:
327 *> Normwise relative error in the ith solution vector:
328 *> max_j (abs(XTRUE(j,i) - X(j,i)))
329 *> ------------------------------
332 *> The array is indexed by the type of error information as described
333 *> below. There currently are up to three pieces of information
336 *> The first index in ERR_BNDS_NORM(i,:) corresponds to the ith
339 *> The second index in ERR_BNDS_NORM(:,err) contains the following
341 *> err = 1 "Trust/don't trust" boolean. Trust the answer if the
342 *> reciprocal condition number is less than the threshold
343 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon').
345 *> err = 2 "Guaranteed" error bound: The estimated forward error,
346 *> almost certainly within a factor of 10 of the true error
347 *> so long as the next entry is greater than the threshold
348 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon'). This error bound should only
349 *> be trusted if the previous boolean is true.
351 *> err = 3 Reciprocal condition number: Estimated normwise
352 *> reciprocal condition number. Compared with the threshold
353 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon') to determine if the error
354 *> estimate is "guaranteed". These reciprocal condition
355 *> numbers are 1 / (norm(Z^{-1},inf) * norm(Z,inf)) for some
356 *> appropriately scaled matrix Z.
357 *> Let Z = S*A, where S scales each row by a power of the
358 *> radix so all absolute row sums of Z are approximately 1.
360 *> See Lapack Working Note 165 for further details and extra
364 *> \param[out] ERR_BNDS_COMP
366 *> ERR_BNDS_COMP is REAL array, dimension (NRHS, N_ERR_BNDS)
367 *> For each right-hand side, this array contains information about
368 *> various error bounds and condition numbers corresponding to the
369 *> componentwise relative error, which is defined as follows:
371 *> Componentwise relative error in the ith solution vector:
372 *> abs(XTRUE(j,i) - X(j,i))
373 *> max_j ----------------------
376 *> The array is indexed by the right-hand side i (on which the
377 *> componentwise relative error depends), and the type of error
378 *> information as described below. There currently are up to three
379 *> pieces of information returned for each right-hand side. If
380 *> componentwise accuracy is not requested (PARAMS(3) = 0.0), then
381 *> ERR_BNDS_COMP is not accessed. If N_ERR_BNDS .LT. 3, then at most
382 *> the first (:,N_ERR_BNDS) entries are returned.
384 *> The first index in ERR_BNDS_COMP(i,:) corresponds to the ith
387 *> The second index in ERR_BNDS_COMP(:,err) contains the following
389 *> err = 1 "Trust/don't trust" boolean. Trust the answer if the
390 *> reciprocal condition number is less than the threshold
391 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon').
393 *> err = 2 "Guaranteed" error bound: The estimated forward error,
394 *> almost certainly within a factor of 10 of the true error
395 *> so long as the next entry is greater than the threshold
396 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon'). This error bound should only
397 *> be trusted if the previous boolean is true.
399 *> err = 3 Reciprocal condition number: Estimated componentwise
400 *> reciprocal condition number. Compared with the threshold
401 *> sqrt(n) * slamch('Epsilon') to determine if the error
402 *> estimate is "guaranteed". These reciprocal condition
403 *> numbers are 1 / (norm(Z^{-1},inf) * norm(Z,inf)) for some
404 *> appropriately scaled matrix Z.
405 *> Let Z = S*(A*diag(x)), where x is the solution for the
406 *> current right-hand side and S scales each row of
407 *> A*diag(x) by a power of the radix so all absolute row
408 *> sums of Z are approximately 1.
410 *> See Lapack Working Note 165 for further details and extra
414 *> \param[in] NPARAMS
416 *> NPARAMS is INTEGER
417 *> Specifies the number of parameters set in PARAMS. If .LE. 0, the
418 *> PARAMS array is never referenced and default values are used.
421 *> \param[in,out] PARAMS
423 *> PARAMS is REAL array, dimension NPARAMS
424 *> Specifies algorithm parameters. If an entry is .LT. 0.0, then
425 *> that entry will be filled with default value used for that
426 *> parameter. Only positions up to NPARAMS are accessed; defaults
427 *> are used for higher-numbered parameters.
429 *> PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITREF_I = 1) : Whether to perform iterative
430 *> refinement or not.
432 *> = 0.0 : No refinement is performed, and no error bounds are
434 *> = 1.0 : Use the double-precision refinement algorithm,
435 *> possibly with doubled-single computations if the
436 *> compilation environment does not support DOUBLE
438 *> (other values are reserved for future use)
440 *> PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITHRESH_I = 2) : Maximum number of residual
441 *> computations allowed for refinement.
443 *> Aggressive: Set to 100 to permit convergence using approximate
444 *> factorizations or factorizations other than LU. If
445 *> the factorization uses a technique other than
446 *> Gaussian elimination, the guarantees in
447 *> err_bnds_norm and err_bnds_comp may no longer be
450 *> PARAMS(LA_LINRX_CWISE_I = 3) : Flag determining if the code
451 *> will attempt to find a solution with small componentwise
452 *> relative error in the double-precision algorithm. Positive
453 *> is true, 0.0 is false.
454 *> Default: 1.0 (attempt componentwise convergence)
459 *> WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N)
464 *> RWORK is REAL array, dimension (2*N)
470 *> = 0: Successful exit. The solution to every right-hand side is
472 *> < 0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
473 *> > 0 and <= N: U(INFO,INFO) is exactly zero. The factorization
474 *> has been completed, but the factor U is exactly singular, so
475 *> the solution and error bounds could not be computed. RCOND = 0
477 *> = N+J: The solution corresponding to the Jth right-hand side is
478 *> not guaranteed. The solutions corresponding to other right-
479 *> hand sides K with K > J may not be guaranteed as well, but
480 *> only the first such right-hand side is reported. If a small
481 *> componentwise error is not requested (PARAMS(3) = 0.0) then
482 *> the Jth right-hand side is the first with a normwise error
483 *> bound that is not guaranteed (the smallest J such
484 *> that ERR_BNDS_NORM(J,1) = 0.0). By default (PARAMS(3) = 1.0)
485 *> the Jth right-hand side is the first with either a normwise or
486 *> componentwise error bound that is not guaranteed (the smallest
487 *> J such that either ERR_BNDS_NORM(J,1) = 0.0 or
488 *> ERR_BNDS_COMP(J,1) = 0.0). See the definition of
489 *> ERR_BNDS_NORM(:,1) and ERR_BNDS_COMP(:,1). To get information
490 *> about all of the right-hand sides check ERR_BNDS_NORM or
497 *> \author Univ. of Tennessee
498 *> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
499 *> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
504 *> \ingroup complexSYsolve
506 * =====================================================================
507 SUBROUTINE CSYSVXX( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV,
508 $ EQUED, S, B, LDB, X, LDX, RCOND, RPVGRW, BERR,
509 $ N_ERR_BNDS, ERR_BNDS_NORM, ERR_BNDS_COMP,
510 $ NPARAMS, PARAMS, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
512 * -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.6.0) --
513 * -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
514 * -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
517 * .. Scalar Arguments ..
518 CHARACTER EQUED, FACT, UPLO
519 INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDAF, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS, NPARAMS,
523 * .. Array Arguments ..
525 COMPLEX A( LDA, * ), AF( LDAF, * ), B( LDB, * ),
526 $ X( LDX, * ), WORK( * )
527 REAL S( * ), PARAMS( * ), BERR( * ),
528 $ ERR_BNDS_NORM( NRHS, * ),
529 $ ERR_BNDS_COMP( NRHS, * ), RWORK( * )
532 * ==================================================================
536 PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0E+0, ONE = 1.0E+0 )
537 INTEGER FINAL_NRM_ERR_I, FINAL_CMP_ERR_I, BERR_I
538 INTEGER RCOND_I, NRM_RCOND_I, NRM_ERR_I, CMP_RCOND_I
539 INTEGER CMP_ERR_I, PIV_GROWTH_I
540 PARAMETER ( FINAL_NRM_ERR_I = 1, FINAL_CMP_ERR_I = 2,
542 PARAMETER ( RCOND_I = 4, NRM_RCOND_I = 5, NRM_ERR_I = 6 )
543 PARAMETER ( CMP_RCOND_I = 7, CMP_ERR_I = 8,
546 * .. Local Scalars ..
547 LOGICAL EQUIL, NOFACT, RCEQU
549 REAL AMAX, BIGNUM, SMIN, SMAX, SCOND, SMLNUM
551 * .. External Functions ..
552 EXTERNAL LSAME, SLAMCH, CLA_SYRPVGRW
554 REAL SLAMCH, CLA_SYRPVGRW
556 * .. External Subroutines ..
557 EXTERNAL CSYCON, CSYEQUB, CSYTRF, CSYTRS, CLACPY,
558 $ CLAQSY, XERBLA, CLASCL2, CSYRFSX
560 * .. Intrinsic Functions ..
563 * .. Executable Statements ..
566 NOFACT = LSAME( FACT, 'N' )
567 EQUIL = LSAME( FACT, 'E' )
568 SMLNUM = SLAMCH( 'Safe minimum' )
569 BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
570 IF( NOFACT .OR. EQUIL ) THEN
574 RCEQU = LSAME( EQUED, 'Y' )
577 * Default is failure. If an input parameter is wrong or
578 * factorization fails, make everything look horrible. Only the
579 * pivot growth is set here, the rest is initialized in CSYRFSX.
583 * Test the input parameters. PARAMS is not tested until CSYRFSX.
585 IF( .NOT.NOFACT .AND. .NOT.EQUIL .AND. .NOT.
586 $ LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) ) THEN
588 ELSE IF( .NOT.LSAME(UPLO, 'U') .AND.
589 $ .NOT.LSAME(UPLO, 'L') ) THEN
591 ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
593 ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN
595 ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
597 ELSE IF( LDAF.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
599 ELSE IF( LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) .AND. .NOT.
600 $ ( RCEQU .OR. LSAME( EQUED, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
607 SMIN = MIN( SMIN, S( J ) )
608 SMAX = MAX( SMAX, S( J ) )
610 IF( SMIN.LE.ZERO ) THEN
612 ELSE IF( N.GT.0 ) THEN
613 SCOND = MAX( SMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( SMAX, BIGNUM )
619 IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
621 ELSE IF( LDX.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
628 CALL XERBLA( 'CSYSVXX', -INFO )
634 * Compute row and column scalings to equilibrate the matrix A.
636 CALL CSYEQUB( UPLO, N, A, LDA, S, SCOND, AMAX, WORK, INFEQU )
637 IF( INFEQU.EQ.0 ) THEN
639 * Equilibrate the matrix.
641 CALL CLAQSY( UPLO, N, A, LDA, S, SCOND, AMAX, EQUED )
642 RCEQU = LSAME( EQUED, 'Y' )
647 * Scale the right hand-side.
649 IF( RCEQU ) CALL CLASCL2( N, NRHS, S, B, LDB )
651 IF( NOFACT .OR. EQUIL ) THEN
653 * Compute the LDL^T or UDU^T factorization of A.
655 CALL CLACPY( UPLO, N, N, A, LDA, AF, LDAF )
656 CALL CSYTRF( UPLO, N, AF, LDAF, IPIV, WORK, 5*MAX(1,N), INFO )
658 * Return if INFO is non-zero.
662 * Pivot in column INFO is exactly 0
663 * Compute the reciprocal pivot growth factor of the
664 * leading rank-deficient INFO columns of A.
667 $ RPVGRW = CLA_SYRPVGRW( UPLO, N, INFO, A, LDA, AF,
668 $ LDAF, IPIV, RWORK )
673 * Compute the reciprocal pivot growth factor RPVGRW.
676 $ RPVGRW = CLA_SYRPVGRW( UPLO, N, INFO, A, LDA, AF, LDAF,
679 * Compute the solution matrix X.
681 CALL CLACPY( 'Full', N, NRHS, B, LDB, X, LDX )
682 CALL CSYTRS( UPLO, N, NRHS, AF, LDAF, IPIV, X, LDX, INFO )
684 * Use iterative refinement to improve the computed solution and
685 * compute error bounds and backward error estimates for it.
687 CALL CSYRFSX( UPLO, EQUED, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV,
688 $ S, B, LDB, X, LDX, RCOND, BERR, N_ERR_BNDS, ERR_BNDS_NORM,
689 $ ERR_BNDS_COMP, NPARAMS, PARAMS, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
694 CALL CLASCL2 (N, NRHS, S, X, LDX )