1 Tor Lillqvist <tml@iki.fi>
2 Hans Breuer <hans@breuer.org>
4 The general parts, and the section about gcc and autoconfiscated build
5 are by Tor Lillqvist. The sections about MSVC build is by Hans Breuer.
10 For prebuilt binaries (DLLs and EXEs) and developer packages (headers,
11 import libraries) of GLib, Pango, GTK+ etc for Windows, go to
12 http://www.gtk.org/download-windows.html . They are for "native"
13 Windows meaning they use the Win32 API and Microsoft C runtime library
14 only. No POSIX (Unix) emulation layer like Cygwin in involved.
16 To build GLib on Win32, you can use either gcc ("mingw") or the
17 Microsoft compiler and tools. For the latter, MSVC6 and later have
18 been used successfully. Also the Digital Mars C/C++ compiler have been
21 People have also successfully cross-compiled GLib for Win32 from Linux
22 using the cross-mingw packages.
24 Note that to just *use* GLib on Windows, there is no need to build it
27 On Windows setting up a correct build environment can be quite a task,
28 especially if you are used to just type "./configure; make" on Linux,
29 and expect things to work as smoothly on Windows.
31 The following preprocessor macros are to be used for conditional
32 compilation related to Win32 in GLib-using code:
34 - G_OS_WIN32 is defined when compiling for native Win32, without
35 any POSIX emulation, other than to the extent provided by the
36 bundled Microsoft C library (msvcr*.dll).
38 - G_WITH_CYGWIN is defined if compiling for the Cygwin
39 environment. Note that G_OS_WIN32 is *not* defined in that case, as
40 Cygwin is supposed to behave like Unix. G_OS_UNIX *is* defined by a GLib
43 - G_PLATFORM_WIN32 is defined when either G_OS_WIN32 or G_WITH_CYGWIN
46 These macros are defined in glibconfig.h, and are thus available in
47 all source files that include <glib.h>.
49 Additionally, there are the compiler-specific macros:
50 - __GNUC__ is defined when using gcc
51 - _MSC_VER is defined when using the Microsoft compiler
52 - __DMC__ is defined when using the Digital Mars C/C++ compiler
54 G_OS_WIN32 implies using the Microsoft C runtime, normally
55 msvcrt.dll. GLib is not known to work with the older crtdll.dll
56 runtime, or the static Microsoft C runtime libraries libc.lib and
57 libcmt.lib. It apparently does work with the debugging version of
58 msvcrt.dll, msvcrtd.dll. If compiled with Microsoft compilers newer
59 than MSVC6, it also works with their compiler-specific runtimes, like
60 msvcr70.dll or msvcr80.dll. Please note that it's non totally clear if
61 you would be allowed by the license to distrubute a GLib linked to
62 msvcr70.dll or msvcr80.dll, as those are not part of the operating
63 system, but of the MSVC product. msvcrt.dll is part of Windows.
65 Building software that use GLib or GTK+
66 =======================================
68 Building software that just *uses* GLib or GTK+ also require to have
69 the right compiler set up the right way. If you intend to use gcc,
70 follow the relevant instructions below in that case, too.
72 Tor uses gcc with the -mms-bitfields flag which means that in order to
73 use the prebuilt DLLs (especially of GTK+), if you compile your code
74 with gcc, you *must* also use that flag. This flag means that the
75 struct layout rules are identical to those used by MSVC. This is
76 essential if the same DLLs are to be usable both from gcc- and
77 MSVC-compiled code. Such compatibility is desirable.
79 When using the prebuilt GLib DLLs that use msvcrt.dll from code that
80 uses other C runtimes like for example msvcr70.dll, one should note
81 that one cannot use such GLib API that take or returns file
82 descriptors. On Windows, a file descriptor (the small integer as
83 returned by open() and handled by related functions, and included in
84 the FILE struct) is an index into a table local to the C runtime
85 DLL. A file descriptor in one C runtime DLL does not have the same
86 meaning in another C runtime DLL.
91 Again, first decide whether you really want to do this.
93 Before building GLib you must also have a GNU gettext-runtime
94 developer package. Get prebuilt binaries of gettext-runtime from
95 http://www.gtk.org/download-windows.html .
97 Autoconfiscated build (with gcc)
98 ================================
100 Tor uses gcc 3.4.5 and the rest of the mingw utilities, including MSYS
101 from www.mingw.org. Somewhat earlier or later versions of gcc
102 presumably also work fine.
104 Using Cygwin's gcc with the -mno-cygwin switch is not recommended. In
105 theory it should work, but Tor hasn't tested that lately. It can
106 easily lead to confusing situations where one mixes headers for Cygwin
107 from /usr/include with the headers for native software one really
108 should use. Ditto for libraries.
110 If you want to use mingw's gcc, install gcc, win32api, binutils and
111 MSYS from www.mingw.org.
113 Tor invokes configure using:
115 CC='gcc -mtune=pentium3 -mthreads' CPPFLAGS='-I/opt/gnu/include' \
116 LDFLAGS='-L/opt/gnu/lib -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base' CFLAGS=-O2 \
117 ./configure --disable-gtk-doc --prefix=$TARGET
119 The /opt/gnu mentioned contains the header files for GNU and (import)
120 libraries for GNU libintl. The build scripts used to produce the
121 prebuilt binaries are included in the "dev" packages.
123 Please note that the ./configure mechanism should not blindly be used
124 to build a GLib to be distributed to other developers because it
125 produces a compiler-dependent glibconfig.h. For instance, the typedef
126 for gint64 is long long with gcc, but __int64 with MSVC.
128 Except for this and a few other minor issues, there shouldn't be any
129 reason to distribute separate GLib headers and DLLs for gcc and MSVC6
130 users, as the compilers generate code that uses the same C runtime
133 The DLL generated by either compiler is binary compatible with the
134 other one. Thus one either has to manually edit glibconfig.h
135 afterwards, or use the supplied glibconfig.h.win32 which has been
136 produced by running configure twice, once using gcc and once using
137 MSVC, and merging the resulting files with diff -D.
139 For MSVC7 and later (Visual C++ .NET 2003, Visual C++ 2005, Visual C++
140 2008 etc) it is preferred to use specific builds of GLib DLLs that use
141 the same C runtime as the code that uses GLib. Such DLLs should be
142 named differently than the ones that use msvcrt.dll.
144 For GLib, the DLL is called libglib-2.0-0.dll, and the import
145 libraries libglib-2.0.dll.a and glib-2.0.lib. Note that the "2.0" is
146 part of the "basename" of the library, it is not something that
147 libtool has added. The -0 suffix is added by libtool and is the value
148 of "LT_CURRENT - LT_AGE". The 0 is *not* part of the version number of
149 GLib, although, for GLib 2.x.0, it happens to be the same. The
150 LT_CURRENT - LT_AGE value will on purpose be kept as zero as long as
151 binary compatibility is maintained. For the gory details, see
152 configure.in and libtool documentation.
157 It is possible to build GLib using a cross compiler. See
158 docs/reference/glib/html/glib-cross-compiling.html (part of the GLib
159 reference manual) for more information.
164 If you are building from a SVN snapshot, you will not have any
165 makefile.msc files. You should copy the corresponding makefile.msc.in
166 file to that name, and replace any @...@ strings with the correct
169 This is done automatically when an official GLib source distribution
170 package is built, so if you get GLib from a source distribution
171 package, there should be makefile.msc files ready to use (after some
174 The hand-written makefile.msc files, and the stuff in the "build"
175 subdirectory, produce DLLs and import libraries that match what the
176 so-called autoconfiscated build produces.
178 All the MSVC makefiles are for the command line build with nmake. If
179 you want to use the VC-UI you can simply create wrapper .dsp makefiles
180 (read the VC docs how to do so).
182 Some modules may require Perl to auto-generate files. The goal (at
183 least Hans's) is to not require any more tools.
187 nmake -f makefile.msc
189 nmake -f makefile.msc DEBUG=1
192 The former will create 'release' versions of the DLLs. If you
193 plan to distribute you DLLs please use this command. The latter
194 will create DLLs with debug information _and_ link them with
195 msvcrtd.dll instead of msvcrt.dll.
196 Beware: There are known problems with mixing DLLs in one
197 application, which are build against different runtimes.
198 Especially the index-to-file mapping used by 'unix-style' file
199 operation - _open() _pipe() etc. - breaks sometimes in strange
200 ways (for example the Gimp plug-in communication).
203 Required libraries (not build from svn)
207 are available pre-built from the website mentioned above.
211 Instead of the Unix and auto* way of tracking versions and resolving
212 dependencies (configure; make; make install) involving autoconf,
213 automake, libtool and friends the MSVC build uses a different
216 The core of it's versioning is the file build/win32/module.defs.
217 It contains entries of the form MODULE_VER, e.g.:
222 and the placement of these modules defined as MODULE, e.g.:
225 LIBICONV = $(TOP)/libiconv-$(LIBICONV_VER)
227 whereas TOP is defined as the relative path from the respective
228 module directory to your top build directory. Every makefile.msc
229 needs to define TOP before including the common make file part
230 make.msc, which than includes module.defs, like:
233 !INCLUDE $(TOP)/glib/build/win32/make.msc
235 (Taken from gtk+/gdk/makefile.msc)
237 With this provision it is possible to create almost placement
238 independent makefiles without requiring to 'install' the libraries and
239 headers into a common place (as it is done on Unix, and as Tor does
240 when producing his zipfiles with prebuilt GLib, GTK+ etc).
244 config.h.win32.in : @XXX_MAJOR_VERSION@ needs to be replaced by
245 the current version/build number. The resulting file is to be saved
246 as 'config.h.win32'. This should be automatically done if a package
247 gets build on the Unix platform.
249 makefile.msc.in : @XXX_MAJOR_VERSION@ to be replaced. Save as
252 <module>.def : every function which should be used from the outside of
253 a dll needs to be marked for 'export'. It is common that one needs to change
254 these files after some api changes occured. If there are variables to be
255 exported another mechanism is needed, like :
258 # ifdef GDK_COMPILATION
259 # define GDKVAR __declspec(dllexport)
261 # define GDKVAR extern __declspec(dllimport)
264 # define GDKVAR extern
271 all modules should be build in a common directory tree otherwise you
272 need to adapt the file 'module.defs'. They are listed here in increasing
275 <common rootdir without spaces>
279 | +- build : [this module lives in the SVN root dir]
281 | | .\module.defs : defines (relative) locations of the headers
282 | | and libs and version numbers to be include
284 | | .\make.msc : include by almost every 'makefile.msc'
286 | | .\README.WIN32 : more information how to build
287 | | .\glibconfig.h.win32.in : similar to config.h.win32.in
288 | | .\makefile.msc : master makefile, sub dir makefiles should work
292 | +- gthread : does _not_ depend on pthread anymore
296 | +- pango : 'native' build does not require extra libs and
297 | | includes the minimal required text renderer
298 | | (there is also a currently slightly broken FreeType2
299 | | based implementation for win32)
300 | +- modules (not yet build)
304 | .\makefile.msc : build here
307 | | .\config.h.win32 : for all the below
310 | | .\gdk_pixbuf.rc.in : version resource for the DLLs. Needs
311 | | to be converted (filled with version info)
312 | | as described above.
315 | | | .\makefile.msc : some auto-generation is needed to build in the
316 | | | in the subdirectory
323 | .\makefile.msc : master makefile to build The Gimp. The makefiles
324 | from the sub dirs should work stand alone, but than
325 | the user needs to know the build order
328 +- dia : additionally depends on libart_lgpl (in SVN)
329 | and libxml2 ( see http://www.xmlsoft.org/ )