1 These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the union of
2 the GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
4 Most of these programs have significant advantages over their Unix
5 counterparts, such as greater speed, additional options, and fewer
8 The programs that can be built with this package are:
10 [ arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
11 csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
12 factor false fmt fold groups head hostid hostname id install join kill
13 link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup
14 nproc od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink rm rmdir
15 runcon seq sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum sha512sum shred shuf
16 sleep sort split stat stdbuf stty su sum sync tac tail tee test timeout
17 touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink uptime users
18 vdir wc who whoami yes
20 See the file NEWS for a list of major changes in the current release.
22 If you obtained this file as part of a "git clone", then see the
23 README-hacking file. If this file came to you as part of a tar archive,
24 then see the file INSTALL for compilation and installation instructions.
26 These programs are intended to conform to POSIX (with BSD and other
27 extensions), like the rest of the GNU system. By default they conform
28 to older POSIX (1003.2-1992), and therefore support obsolete usages
29 like "head -10" and "chown owner.group file". This default is
30 overridden at build-time by the value of <unistd.h>'s _POSIX2_VERSION
31 macro, and this in turn can be overridden at runtime as described in
32 the documentation under "Standards conformance".
34 The ls, dir, and vdir commands are all separate executables instead of
35 one program that checks argv[0] because people often rename these
36 programs to things like gls, gnuls, l, etc. Renaming a program
37 file shouldn't affect how it operates, so that people can get the
38 behavior they want with whatever name they want.
40 Special thanks to Paul Eggert, Brian Matthews, Bruce Evans, Karl Berry,
41 Kaveh Ghazi, and François Pinard for help with debugging and porting
42 these programs. Many thanks to all of the people who have taken the
43 time to submit problem reports and fixes. All contributed changes are
44 attributed in the commit logs.
46 And thanks to the following people who have provided accounts for
47 portability testing on many different types of systems: Bob Proulx,
48 Christian Robert, François Pinard, Greg McGary, Harlan Stenn,
49 Joel N. Weber, Mark D. Roth, Matt Schalit, Nelson H. F. Beebe,
50 Réjean Payette, Sam Tardieu.
52 Thanks to Michael Stone for inflicting test releases of this package
53 on Debian's unstable distribution, and to all the kind folks who used
54 that distribution and found and reported bugs.
56 Note that each man page is now automatically generated from a template
57 and from the corresponding --help usage message. Patches to the template
58 files (man/*.x) are welcome. However, the authoritative documentation
59 is in texinfo form in the doc directory.
62 *****************************************
63 On Mac OS X 10.5.1 (Darwin 9.1), test failure
64 -----------------------------------------
66 Mac OS X 10.5.1 (Darwin 9.1) provides only partial (and incompatible)
67 ACL support, so although "./configure && make" succeeds, "make check"
68 exposes numerous failures. The solution is to turn off ACL support
69 manually via "./configure --disable-acl". For details, see
70 <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnu.coreutils.bugs/12292/focus=12318>.
73 *****************************************
74 Test failure with NLS and gettext <= 0.17
75 -----------------------------------------
77 Due to a conflict between libintl.h and gnulib's new xprintf module,
78 when you configure with NLS support, and with a gettext installation
79 older than 0.17.1 (not yet released, at the time of this writing),
80 then some tests fail, at least on NetBSD 1.6. To work around it in
81 the mean time, you can configure with --disable-nls. For details,
82 see <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.gnulib.bugs/12015/>.
85 ***********************
87 -----------------------
89 There is a new, implicit build requirement:
90 To build the coreutils from source, you should have a C99-conforming
91 compiler, due to the use of declarations after non-declaration statements
92 in several files in src/. There is code in configure to find and, if
93 possible, enable an appropriate compiler. However, if configure doesn't
94 find a C99 compiler, it continues nonetheless, and your build will fail.
95 If that happens, simply[*] apply the included patch using the following
96 command, and then run make again:
98 cd src && patch < c99-to-c89.diff
100 [*] however, as of coreutils-7.1, the "c99-to-c89.diff" file is no longer
101 maintained, so even if the patches still apply, the result will be an
102 incomplete conversion. It's been 10 years. Get a decent compiler! ;-)
105 ***********************
106 HPUX 11.x build failure
107 -----------------------
109 A known problem exists when compiling on HPUX on both hppa and ia64
110 in 64-bit mode (i.e. +DD64) on HP-UX 11.0, 11.11, and 11.23. This
111 is not due to a bug in the package but instead due to a bug in the
112 system header file which breaks things in 64-bit mode. The default
113 compilation mode is 32-bit and the software compiles fine using the
114 default mode. To build this software in 64-bit mode you will need
115 to fix the system /usr/include/inttypes.h header file. After
116 correcting that file the software also compiles fine in 64-bit mode.
117 Here is one possible patch to correct the problem:
119 --- /usr/include/inttypes.h.orig Thu May 30 01:00:00 1996
120 +++ /usr/include/inttypes.h Sun Mar 23 00:20:36 2003
122 -#ifndef __STDC_32_MODE__
126 ************************
127 OSF/1 4.0d build failure
128 ------------------------
130 If you use /usr/bin/make on an OSF/1 4.0d system, it will fail due
131 to the presence of the "[" target. That version of make appears to
132 treat "[" as some syntax relating to locks. To work around that,
133 the best solution is to use GNU make. Otherwise, simply remove
134 all mention of "[$(EXEEXT)" from src/Makefile.
138 **********************
139 Running tests as root:
140 ----------------------
142 If you run the tests as root, note that a few of them create files
143 and/or run programs as a non-root user, `nobody' by default.
144 If you want to use some other non-root username, specify it via
145 the NON_ROOT_USERNAME environment variable. Depending on the
146 permissions with which the working directories have been created,
147 using `nobody' may fail, because that user won't have the required
148 read and write access to the build and test directories.
149 I find that it is best to unpack and build as a non-privileged
150 user, and then to run the following command as that user in order
151 to run the privilege-requiring tests:
153 sudo env PATH="$PATH" NON_ROOT_USERNAME=$USER make -k check-root
155 If you can run the tests as root, please do so and report any
156 problems. We get much less test coverage in that mode, and it's
157 arguably more important that these tools work well when run by
158 root than when run by less privileged users.
165 IMPORTANT: if you take the time to report a test failure,
166 please be sure to include the output of running `make check'
167 in verbose mode for each failing test. For example,
168 if the test that fails is tests/misc/df, then you would
171 (cd tests && make check TESTS=misc/df VERBOSE=yes) >> log 2>&1
173 For some tests, you can get even more detail by adding DEBUG=yes.
174 Then include the contents of the file `log' in your bug report.
176 Send bug reports, questions, comments, etc. to bug-coreutils@gnu.org.
177 If you would like to suggest a patch, see the files README-hacking
178 and HACKING for tips.
180 ***************************************
182 There are many tests, but nowhere near as many as we need.
183 Additions and corrections are very welcome.
185 If you see a problem that you've already reported, feel free to re-report
186 it -- it won't bother me to get a reminder. Besides, the more messages I
187 get regarding a particular problem the sooner it'll be fixed -- usually.
188 If you sent a complete patch and, after a couple weeks you haven't
189 received any acknowledgement, please ping us. A complete patch includes
190 a well-written ChangeLog entry, unified (diff -u format) diffs relative
191 to the most recent test release (or, better, relative to the latest
192 sources in the public repository), an explanation for why the patch is
193 necessary or useful, and if at all possible, enough information to
194 reproduce whatever problem prompted it. Plus, you'll earn lots of
195 karma if you include a test case to exercise any bug(s) you fix.
196 Here are instructions for checking out the latest development sources:
198 http://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=coreutils
200 If your patch adds a new feature, please try to get some sort of consensus
201 that it is a worthwhile change. One way to do that is to send mail to
202 bug-coreutils@gnu.org including as much description and justification
203 as you can. Based on the feedback that generates, you may be able to
204 convince us that it's worth adding.
207 WARNING: Now that we use the ./bootstrap script, you should not run
208 autoreconf manually. Doing that will overwrite essential source files
209 with older versions, which may make the package unbuildable or introduce
213 WARNING: If you modify files like configure.in, m4/*.m4, aclocal.m4,
214 or any Makefile.am, then don't be surprised if what gets regenerated no
215 longer works. To make things work, you'll have to be using appropriate
216 versions of the tools listed in bootstrap.conf's buildreq string.
218 All of these programs except `test' recognize the `--version' option.
219 When reporting bugs, please include in the subject line both the package
220 name/version and the name of the program for which you found a problem.
222 For general documentation on the coding and usage standards
223 this distribution follows, see the GNU Coding Standards,
224 http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards_toc.html.
226 Mail suggestions and bug reports for these programs to
227 the address on the last line of --help output.
230 ========================================================================
232 Copyright (C) 1998, 2002-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
234 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
235 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
236 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
237 Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
238 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the ``GNU Free
239 Documentation License'' file as part of this distribution.