4 Starting Bash with the `--posix' command-line option or executing `set
5 -o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
6 to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that specified
7 by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
9 When invoked as `sh', Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the startup
12 The following list is what's changed when `POSIX mode' is in effect:
14 1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will
15 re-search `$PATH' to find the new location. This is also
16 available with `shopt -s checkhash'.
18 2. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
19 exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
21 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
22 is stopped is `Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example,
25 4. The `bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job
26 placed in the background, which does not include an indication of
27 whether the job is the current or previous job.
29 5. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are
30 recognized do not undergo alias expansion.
32 6. The POSIX `PS1' and `PS2' expansions of `!' to the history number
33 and `!!' to `!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed
34 on the values of `PS1' and `PS2' regardless of the setting of the
37 7. The POSIX startup files are executed (`$ENV') rather than the
40 8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
41 command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
43 9. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
44 value of `$HISTFILE').
46 10. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
47 line, separated by spaces, without the `SIG' prefix.
49 11. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
52 12. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
55 13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
56 expansion results in an invalid expression.
58 14. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
59 read with the `.' or `source' builtins, or in a string processed by
62 15. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
63 in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
65 16. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
68 17. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not
69 contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
70 may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid
71 name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
73 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
76 19. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
77 used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
78 its completed children. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the
79 format of the timing information.
81 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
82 double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
83 used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
84 the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
85 In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
87 21. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next
88 token begins with a `-'.
90 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
91 non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
92 the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
93 options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
94 assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
96 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
97 assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
98 statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
99 trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
101 24. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
102 assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a
103 special builtin, but not with any other simple command.
105 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
106 variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
107 `select' statement is a readonly variable.
109 26. Process substitution is not available.
111 27. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
112 the shell environment after the builtin completes.
114 28. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
115 shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
116 special builtin command had been executed.
118 29. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
119 in the format required by POSIX.
121 30. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
123 31. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
124 signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
125 disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
126 digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
127 handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
128 should use `-' as the first argument.
130 32. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
131 for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
133 33. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
134 value of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX
135 mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
137 34. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
139 35. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
140 display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
143 36. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
144 display shell function names and definitions.
146 37. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
147 variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
148 metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
150 38. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
151 constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
152 argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
153 instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
155 39. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
156 the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
157 system with the `-P' option.
159 40. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
160 indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
162 41. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
164 42. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
165 file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
166 execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
169 43. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
170 the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and
173 44. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
174 interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is
175 displayed, after escape characters are converted.
177 45. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
180 46. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
181 interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
182 The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
185 There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
186 even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
188 1. The `fc' builtin checks `$EDITOR' as a program to edit history
189 entries if `FCEDIT' is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
190 `ed'. `fc' uses `ed' if `EDITOR' is unset.
192 2. As noted above, Bash requires the `xpg_echo' option to be enabled
193 for the `echo' builtin to be fully conformant.
196 Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
197 the `--enable-strict-posix-default' to `configure' when building (*note
198 Optional Features::).