1 ============================================================================
4 * This file attempts to describe the rules to use when hacking
7 ============================================================================
10 * The correct response to most actual bugs is to write a new test case
11 which demonstrates the bug. Then fix the bug, re-run the test suite,
12 and check everything in.
14 * If you incorporate a change from somebody on the net:
15 First, if it is a large change, you must make sure they have signed the
16 appropriate paperwork.
17 Second, be sure to add their name and email address to THANKS.
19 * If a change fixes a test, mention the test in the commit message.
20 If a change fixes a bug registered in the Automake debbugs tracker,
21 mention the bug number in the commit message.
23 * If somebody reports a new bug, mention his name in the commit message
24 and in the test case you write. Put him into THANKS.
26 * When documenting a non-trivial idiom or example in the manual, be
27 sure to add a test case for it, and to reference such test case from
28 a proper Texinfo comment.
30 * Some files in the automake package are not owned by automake; these
31 files are listed in the $(FETCHFILES) variable in Makefile.am. They
32 should never be edited here. Almost all of them can be updated from
33 respective upstreams with "make fetch" (this should be done especially
34 before releases). The only exception is the 'lib/COPYING' (from FSF),
35 which should be updated by hand whenever the GPL gets updated (which
36 shouldn't happen that often anyway :-)
38 * Changes other than bug fixes must be mentioned in NEWS. Important
39 bug fixes should be mentioned in NEWS, too.
41 * Changes which are potentially controversial, require a non-trivial
42 plan, or must be implemented gradually with a roadmap spanning several
43 releases (either minor or major) should be discussed on the list,
44 and have a proper entry in the PLANS directory. This entry should be
45 always committed in the "maint" branch, even if the change it deals
46 with is only for the master branch, or a topic branch. Usually, in
47 addition to this, it is useful to open a "wishlist" report on the
48 Automake debbugs tracker, to keep the idea more visible, and have the
49 discussions surrounding it easily archived in a central place.
51 ============================================================================
54 * We've adopted the convention that internal AC_SUBSTs should be
55 named with a leading 'am__', and internally generated targets
56 should be named with a leading 'am--'. This convention, although
57 in place from at least February 2001, isn't yet universally used.
58 But all new code should use it.
60 We used to use '_am_' as the prefix for an internal AC_SUBST.
61 However, it turns out that NEWS-OS 4.2R complains if a Makefile
62 variable begins with the underscore character. Yay for them.
63 I changed the target naming convention just to be safe.
65 ============================================================================
68 * Always use $(...) and not ${...}
70 * Use ':', not 'true'. Use 'exit 1', not 'false'.
72 * Use '##' comments liberally. Comment anything even remotely
75 * Never use basename or dirname. Instead use sed.
77 * Do not use 'cd' within back-quotes, use '$(am__cd)' instead.
78 Otherwise the directory name may be printed, depending on CDPATH.
79 More generally, do not ever use plain 'cd' together with a relative
80 directory that does not start with a dot, or you might end up in one
83 * For install and uninstall rules, if a loop is required, it should be
84 silent. Then the body of the loop itself should print each
85 "important" command it runs. The printed commands should be preceded
88 * Ensure install rules do not create any installation directory where
89 nothing is to be actually installed. See automake bug#11030.
91 ============================================================================
92 = Editing automake.in and aclocal.in
94 * Indent using GNU style. For historical reasons, the perl code
95 contains portions indented using Larry Wall's style (perl-mode's
96 default), and other portions using the GNU style (cperl-mode's
97 default). Write new code using GNU style.
99 * Don't use & for function calls, unless required.
100 The use of & prevents prototypes from being checked.
101 Just as above, don't change massively all the code to strip the
102 &, just convert the old code as you work on it, and write new
105 ============================================================================
108 * To regenerate dependent files created by aclocal and automake,
109 use the 'bootstrap.sh' script. It uses the code from the source
110 tree, so the resulting files (aclocal.m4 and Makefile.in) should
111 be the same as you would get if you install this version of
112 automake and use it to generate those files. Be sure to have the
113 latest stable version of Autoconf installed and available early
116 * The Automake git tree currently carries two basic branches: 'master' for
117 the current development, and 'maint' for maintenance and bug fixes. The
118 maint branch should be kept regularly merged into the master branch.
119 It is advisable to merge only after a set of related commits have been
120 applied, to avoid introducing too much noise in the history.
122 * There may be a number of longer-lived feature branches for new
123 developments. They should be based off of a common ancestor of all
124 active branches to which the feature should or might be merged later.
125 In the future, we might introduce a special branch named 'next' that
126 may serve as common ground for feature merging and testing, should
127 they not yet be ready for master.
129 * After a major release is done, the master branch is to be merged into
130 the maint branch, and then a "new" master branch created stemming
131 from the resulting commit.
133 * When fixing a bug (especially a long-standing one), it may be useful
134 to commit the fix to a new temporary branch based off the commit that
135 introduced the bug. Then this "bugfix branch" can be merged into all
136 the active branches descending from the buggy commit. This offers a
137 simple way to fix the bug consistently and effectively.
139 * When merging, prefer 'git merge --log' over plain 'git merge', so that
140 a later 'git log' gives an indication of which actual patches were
141 merged even when they don't appear early in the list.
143 * The 'master' and 'maint' branches should not be rewound, i.e., should
144 always fast-forward, except maybe for privacy issues. For 'next'
145 (if that will ever be implemented), and for feature branches, the
146 announcement for the branch should document rewinding policy. If a
147 topic branch is expected to be rewound, it is good practice to put
148 it in the 'experimental/*' namespace; for example, a rewindable branch
149 dealing with Vala support could be named like "experimental/vala-work".
151 ============================================================================
152 = Writing a good commit message
154 * Here is the general format that Automake's commit messages are expected
155 to follow. See the further points below for clarifications and minor
158 topic: brief description (this is the "summary line")
160 <reference to relevant bugs, if any>
162 Here goes a more detailed explanation of why the commit is needed,
163 and a general overview of what it does, and how. This section
164 should almost always be provided, possibly only with the expection
165 of obvious fixes or very trivial changes.
167 And if the detailed explanation is quite long or detailed, you can
168 want to break it in more paragraphs.
170 Then you can add references to relevant mailing list discussions
171 (if any), with proper links. But don't take this as an excuse for
172 writing incomplete commit messages! The "distilled" conclusions
173 reached in such discussions should have been placed in the
176 Finally, here you can thank people that motivated or helped the
177 change. So, thanks to John Doe for bringing up the issue, and to
178 J. Random Hacker for providing suggestions and testing the patch.
180 <detailed list of touched files>
182 * The <detailed list of touched files> should usually be provided (but
183 for short or trivial changes), and should follow the GNU guidelines
184 for ChangeLog entries (described explicitly in the GNU Coding
185 Standards); it might be something of this sort:
187 * some/file (func1): Improved frobnication.
188 (func2): Adjusted accordingly.
189 * another/file (foo, bar): Likewise.
190 * tests/foo.tap: New test.
191 * tests/Makefile.am (TESTS): Add it.
193 * If your commit fixes an automake bug registered in the tracker (say
194 numbered 1234), you should put the following line after the summary
197 This change fixes automake bug#1234.
199 * If your commit is just related to the given bug report, but does not
200 fix it, you might want to add a line like this instead:
202 This change is related to automake bug#1234.
204 * When referring to older commits, use 'git describe' output as pointer.
205 But also try to identify the given commit by date and/or summary line
206 if possible. Examples:
208 Since yesterday's commit, v1.11-2019-g4d2bf42, ...
210 ... removed in commit 'v1.11-1674-g02e9072' of 01-01-2012,
211 "dist: ditch support for lzma"...
213 ============================================================================
216 * Use "make check" and "make maintainer-check" liberally.
218 * Make sure each test file is executable.
220 * Export the 'keep_testdirs' environment variable to "yes" to keep
221 test directories for successful tests also.
223 * Use perl coverage information to ensure your new code is thoroughly
224 tested by your new tests.
226 * See file 't/README' for more information.
228 ============================================================================
231 * The steps outlined here are meant to be followed for alpha and stable
232 releases as well. Where differences are expected, they will be
233 explicitly described.
235 * Fetch new versions of the files that are maintained by the FSF by
236 running "make fetch". In case any file in the automake repository
237 has been updated, commit and re-run the testsuite.
239 * Ensure that the copyright notices of the distributed files is up to
240 date. The maintainer-only target "update-copyright" can help with
243 * Check NEWS; in particular, ensure that all the relevant differences
244 with the last release are actually reported.
246 * Update the version number in configure.ac.
247 (The idea is that every other alpha number will be a net release.
248 The repository will always have its own "odd" number so we can easily
249 distinguish net and repo versions.)
251 * Run these commands, in this order:
254 make check keep_testdirs=yes
255 make maintainer-check
257 make check-no-trailing-backslash-in-recipes
260 It is also advised to run "git clean -fdx" before invoking the
261 bootstrap, to ensure a really clean rebuild. However, it must
262 be done carefully, because that command will remove *all* the
263 files that are not tracked by git!
265 * Run "make git-tag-release".
266 This will run the maintainer checks, verify that the local git
267 repository and working tree are clean and up-to-date, and create
268 a proper signed git tag for the release (based on the contents
271 * Run "make git-upload-release".
272 This will first verify that you are releasing from a tagged version
273 and that the local git repository and working tree are clean and
274 up-to-date, and will then run "make dist" to create the tarballs,
275 and invoke the 'gnupload' script sign and upload them to the correct
276 locations. In case you need to sign with a non-default key, you can
277 use "make GNUPLOADFLAGS='--user KEY' git-upload-release".
279 * For stable releases you'll have to update the manuals at www.gnu.org.
281 - Generate manuals (with the help of the standard gendocs.sh script):
285 The ready-to-be-uploaded manuals (in several formats) will be left
286 in the 'doc/web-manuals' directory.
288 - Commit the updated manuals to web CVS:
290 make web-manual-update
292 If your local username is different from your username at Savannah,
293 you'll have to override the 'CVS_USER' make variable accordingly;
296 make web-manual-update CVS_USER=slattarini
298 - Check for link errors, fix them, recheck until convergence:
299 <http://validator.w3.org/checklink>
301 * Create an announcement message with "make announcement". Edit the
302 generated 'announcement' file appropriately, in particularly filling
303 in by hand any "TODO" left in there.
305 * Update version number in configure.ac to next alpha number.
306 Re-run ./bootstrap.sh and commit.
308 * Don't forget to "git push" your changes so they appear in the public
311 * Send the announcement generated in the earlier steps at least to
312 <autotools-announce@gnu.org> and <automake@gnu.org>. If the release
313 is a stable one, the announcement must also go to <info-gnu@gnu.org>;
314 if it is an alpha or beta release, announcement should be sent also
315 to <platform-testers@gnu.org>, to maximize the possibility of early
316 testing on exotic or proprietary systems. Finally, copy an abridged
317 version of the announcement into the NEWS feed at:
318 <https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/automake>.
319 Be sure to link a version to the complete announcement (from
320 the version you sent to the automake list, as get archived on
321 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/automake/>).
325 Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
327 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
328 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
329 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
332 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
333 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
334 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
335 GNU General Public License for more details.
337 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
338 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.