1 ================================================================
4 * This file attempts to describe the rules to use when hacking
7 ================================================================
10 * The correct response to most actual bugs is to write a new test case
11 which demonstrates the bug. Then fix the bug, re-run the test suite,
12 and check everything in.
14 * If you incorporate a change from somebody on the net:
15 First, if it is a large change, you must make sure they have signed the
16 appropriate paperwork.
17 Second, be sure to add their name and email address to THANKS
19 * If a change fixes a test, mention the test in the commit message.
20 If a change fixes a bug registered in the Automake debbugs tracker,
21 mention the bug number in the commit message.
23 * If somebody reports a new bug, mention his name in the commit message
24 and in the test case you write. Put him into THANKS.
26 * When documenting a non-trivial idiom or example in the manual, be
27 sure to add a test case for it, and to reference such test case from
28 a proper Texinfo comment.
30 * Some files in the automake package are not owned by automake; these
31 files are listed in the $(FETCHFILES) variable in Makefile.am. They
32 should never be edited here. Almost all of them can be updated from
33 respective upstreams with "make fetch" (this should be done especially
34 before releases). The only exception is the 'lib/COPYING' (from FSF),
35 which should be updated by hand whenever the GPL gets updated (which
36 shouldn't happen that often anyway :-)
38 * Changes other than bug fixes must be mentioned in NEWS. Important
39 bug fixes should be mentioned in NEWS, too.
41 ================================================================
44 * We've adopted the convention that internal AC_SUBSTs should be
45 named with a leading 'am__', and internally generated targets
46 should be named with a leading 'am--'. This convention, although
47 in place from at least February 2001, isn't yet universally used.
48 But all new code should use it.
50 We used to use '_am_' as the prefix for an internal AC_SUBST.
51 However, it turns out that NEWS-OS 4.2R complains if a Makefile
52 variable begins with the underscore character. Yay for them.
53 I changed the target naming convention just to be safe.
55 ================================================================
58 * Always use $(...) and not ${...}
60 * Use ':', not 'true'. Use 'exit 1', not 'false'.
62 * Use '##' comments liberally. Comment anything even remotely
65 * Never use basename or dirname. Instead use sed.
67 * Do not use 'cd' within back-quotes, use '$(am__cd)' instead.
68 Otherwise the directory name may be printed, depending on CDPATH.
69 More generally, do not ever use plain 'cd' together with a relative
70 directory that does not start with a dot, or you might end up in one
73 * For install and uninstall rules, if a loop is required, it should be
74 silent. Then the body of the loop itself should print each
75 "important" command it runs. The printed commands should be preceded
78 * Ensure install rules do not create any installation directory where
79 nothing is to be actually installed. See automake bug#11030.
81 ================================================================
82 = Editing automake.in and aclocal.in
84 * Indent using GNU style. For historical reasons, the perl code
85 contains portions indented using Larry Wall's style (perl-mode's
86 default), and other portions using the GNU style (cperl-mode's
87 default). Write new code using GNU style.
89 * Don't use & for function calls, unless required.
90 The use of & prevents prototypes from being checked.
91 Just as above, don't change massively all the code to strip the
92 &, just convert the old code as you work on it, and write new
95 ================================================================
98 * To regenerate dependent files created by aclocal and automake,
99 use the 'bootstrap' script. It uses the code from the source
100 tree, so the resulting files (aclocal.m4 and Makefile.in) should
101 be the same as you would get if you install this version of
102 automake and use it to generate those files. Be sure to have the
103 latest stable version of Autoconf installed and available early
106 * Dependent files aclocal.m4, configure and Makefile.in in all
107 directories should be up to date in the git repository, so that
108 the changes in them can be easily noticed and analyzed.
110 * The git tree currently carries a number of branches: master for the
111 current development, and release branches named branch-X.Y. The maint
112 branch serves as common ground for both master and the active release
113 branches. Changes intended for both should be applied to maint, which
114 should then be merged to release branches and master, of course after
115 suitable testing. It is advisable to merge only after a set of related
116 commits have been applied.
118 * Example work flow for patches to maint:
120 # 1. Checkout the "maint" branch:
123 # 2. Apply the patch(es) with "git am" (or create them with $EDITOR):
125 # 2a. Run required tests, if any ...
127 # 3. Merge maint into branch-1.11:
128 git checkout branch-1.11
130 # 3a. Run required tests, if any ...
132 # 4. Redo steps 3 and 3a for master:
137 # 5. Push the maint and master branches:
138 git push --dry-run origin maint branch-1.11 master
139 # if all seems ok, then actually push:
140 git push origin maint branch-1.11 master
142 * When fixing a bug (especially a long-standing one), it may be useful
143 to commit the fix to a new temporary branch based off the commit that
144 introduced the bug. Then this "bugfix branch" can be merged into all
145 the active branches descending from the buggy commit. This offers a
146 simple way to fix the bug consistently and effectively.
148 * There may be a number of longer-lived feature branches for new developments.
149 They should be based off of a common ancestor of all active branches to
150 which the feature should or might be merged later. The next branch may
151 serve as common ground for feature merging and testing, should they not
152 be ready for master yet.
154 * For merges from branches other than maint, prefer 'git merge --log' over
155 plain 'git merge', so that a later 'git log' gives an indication of which
156 actual patches were merged even when they don't appear early in the list.
158 * master and release branches should not be rewound, i.e., should always
159 fast-forward, except maybe for privacy issues. The maint branch should not
160 be rewound except maybe after retiring a release branch or a new stable
161 release. For next, and for feature branches, the announcement for the
162 branch should document rewinding policy.
164 ================================================================
165 = Writing a good commit message
167 * Here is the general format that Automake's commit messages are expected
168 to follow. See the further points below for clarifications and minor
171 topic: brief description (this is the "summary line")
173 <reference to relevant bugs, if any>
175 Here goes a more detailed explanation of why the commit is needed,
176 and a general overview of what it does, and how. This section is
177 optional, but you are expected to provide it more often than not.
179 And if the detailed explanation is quite long or detailed, you can
180 want to break it in more paragraphs.
182 Then you can add references to relevant mailing list discussions
183 (if any), with proper links. But don't take this as an excuse for
184 writing incomplete commit messages! The "distilled" conclusions
185 reached in such discussions should have been placed in the
188 Finally, here you can thank people that motivated or helped the
189 change. So, thanks to John Doe for bringing up the issue, and to
190 J. Random Hacker for providing suggestions and testing the patch.
192 <detailed list of touched files>
194 * The <detailed list of touched files> is mandatory but for the most
195 trivial changes, and should follows the GNU guidelines for ChangeLog
196 entries (described explicitly in the GNU Coding Standards); it might
197 be something of this sort:
199 * some/file (func1): Improved frobnication.
200 (func2): Adjusted accordingly.
201 * another/file (foo, bar): Likewise.
202 * tests/foo.tap: New test.
203 * tests/Makefile.am (TESTS): Add it.
205 * If your commit fixes an automake bug registered in the tracker (say
206 numbered 1234), you should put the following line after the summary
209 This change fixes automake bug#1234.
211 * If your commit is just related to the given bug report, but does not
212 fix it, you might want to add a line like this instead:
214 This change is related to automake bug#1234.
216 * When referring to older commits, use 'git describe' output as pointer.
217 But also try to identify the given commit by date and/or summary line
218 if possible. Examples:
220 Since yesterday's commit, v1.11-2019-g4d2bf42, ...
222 ... removed in commit 'v1.11-1674-g02e9072' of 01-01-2012,
223 "dist: ditch support for lzma"...
225 ================================================================
228 * Use "make check" and "make maintainer-check" liberally.
230 * Make sure each test file is executable.
232 * Export the 'keep_testdirs' environment variable to "yes" to keep
233 test directories for successful tests also.
235 * Use perl coverage information to ensure your new code is thoroughly
236 tested by your new tests.
238 * See file 'tests/README' for more information.
240 ================================================================
243 * The steps outlined here are meant to be followed for alpha and stable
244 releases as well. Where differences are expected, they will be
245 explicitly described.
247 * Fetch new versions of the files that are maintained by the FSF.
248 Commit. Unfortunately you need an FSF account to do this.
249 (You can also use "make fetch", but that is still woefully incomplete.)
253 * Update the version number in configure.ac.
254 (The idea is that every other alpha number will be a net release.
255 The repository will always have its own "odd" number so we can easily
256 distinguish net and repo versions.)
259 ./bootstrap && ./configure && make && make check && make distcheck
261 * Run "make git-tag-release".
262 This will run the maintainer checks, check that the NEWS file is
263 up-to-date, check that the local git repository and working tree
264 are clean and up-to-date, and create a proper signed git tag for
265 the release (based on the contents of $(VERSION)).
267 * Run "make git-upload-release".
268 This will first verify that you are releasing from a tagged version
269 and that the local git repository and working tree are clean and
270 up-to-date, and will then run "make dist" to create the tarballs,
271 and invoke the 'gnupload' script sign and upload them to the correct
272 locations. In case you need to sign with a non-default key, you can
273 use "make GNUPLOADFLAGS='--user KEY' git-upload-release".
275 * Update version number in configure.ac to next alpha number.
276 Re-run ./bootstrap and commit.
278 * Don't forget to "git push" your changes so they appear in the public
281 * For stable releases, update the manuals at www.gnu.org:
284 wget "http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/texinfo/texinfo/util/gendocs.sh"
285 wget "http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/texinfo/texinfo/util/gendocs_template"
286 sh ./gendocs.sh --email bug-automake@gnu.org automake "GNU Automake"
287 - copy manuals recursively to web cvs,
289 - Check for link errors, fix them, recheck until convergence:
290 <http://validator.w3.org/checklink>
292 * Send the announcement at least to <autotools-announce@gnu.org> and
293 <automake@gnu.org>. If the release is a stable one, the announcement
294 must also go to <info-gnu@gnu.org>; if it is an alpha or beta release,
295 announcement should be sent also to <platform-testers@gnu.org>, to
296 maximize the possibility of early testing on exotic or proprietary
297 systems. Finally, copy the announcement into the NEWS feed at
298 <https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/automake>.
302 Copyright (C) 2003-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
304 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
305 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
306 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
309 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
310 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
311 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
312 GNU General Public License for more details.
314 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
315 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.