1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 Mini-HOWTO for using the earlyprintk=dbgp boot option with a
8 USB2 Debug port key and a debug cable, on x86 systems.
10 You need two computers, the 'USB debug key' special gadget and
11 and two USB cables, connected like this::
13 [host/target] <-------> [USB debug key] <-------> [client/console]
18 a) Host/target system needs to have USB debug port capability.
20 You can check this capability by looking at a 'Debug port' bit in
21 the lspci -vvv output::
25 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
26 Subsystem: Lenovo ThinkPad T61
27 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx-
28 Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
30 Interrupt: pin D routed to IRQ 19
31 Region 0: Memory at fe227000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K]
32 Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2
33 Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=375mA PME(D0+,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+)
34 Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME+
35 Capabilities: [58] Debug port: BAR=1 offset=00a0
36 ^^^^^^^^^^^ <==================== [ HERE ]
37 Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd
38 Kernel modules: ehci-hcd
42 If your system does not list a debug port capability then you probably
43 won't be able to use the USB debug key.
45 b) You also need a NetChip USB debug cable/key:
47 http://www.plxtech.com/products/NET2000/NET20DC/default.asp
49 This is a small blue plastic connector with two USB connections;
50 it draws power from its USB connections.
52 c) You need a second client/console system with a high speed USB 2.0 port.
54 d) The NetChip device must be plugged directly into the physical
55 debug port on the "host/target" system. You cannot use a USB hub in
56 between the physical debug port and the "host/target" system.
58 The EHCI debug controller is bound to a specific physical USB
59 port and the NetChip device will only work as an early printk
60 device in this port. The EHCI host controllers are electrically
61 wired such that the EHCI debug controller is hooked up to the
62 first physical port and there is no way to change this via software.
63 You can find the physical port through experimentation by trying
64 each physical port on the system and rebooting. Or you can try
65 and use lsusb or look at the kernel info messages emitted by the
66 usb stack when you plug a usb device into various ports on the
69 Some hardware vendors do not expose the usb debug port with a
70 physical connector and if you find such a device send a complaint
71 to the hardware vendor, because there is no reason not to wire
72 this port into one of the physically accessible ports.
74 e) It is also important to note, that many versions of the NetChip
75 device require the "client/console" system to be plugged into the
76 right hand side of the device (with the product logo facing up and
77 readable left to right). The reason being is that the 5 volt
78 power supply is taken from only one side of the device and it
79 must be the side that does not get rebooted.
84 a) On the host/target system:
86 You need to enable the following kernel config option::
88 CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK_DBGP=y
90 And you need to add the boot command line: "earlyprintk=dbgp".
93 If you are using Grub, append it to the 'kernel' line in
94 /etc/grub.conf. If you are using Grub2 on a BIOS firmware system,
95 append it to the 'linux' line in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg. If you are
96 using Grub2 on an EFI firmware system, append it to the 'linux'
97 or 'linuxefi' line in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg or
98 /boot/efi/EFI/<distro>/grub.cfg.
100 On systems with more than one EHCI debug controller you must
101 specify the correct EHCI debug controller number. The ordering
102 comes from the PCI bus enumeration of the EHCI controllers. The
103 default with no number argument is "0" or the first EHCI debug
104 controller. To use the second EHCI debug controller, you would
105 use the command line: "earlyprintk=dbgp1"
108 normally earlyprintk console gets turned off once the
109 regular console is alive - use "earlyprintk=dbgp,keep" to keep
110 this channel open beyond early bootup. This can be useful for
111 debugging crashes under Xorg, etc.
113 b) On the client/console system:
115 You should enable the following kernel config option::
117 CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_DEBUG=y
119 On the next bootup with the modified kernel you should
120 get a /dev/ttyUSBx device(s).
122 Now this channel of kernel messages is ready to be used: start
123 your favorite terminal emulator (minicom, etc.) and set
124 it up to use /dev/ttyUSB0 - or use a raw 'cat /dev/ttyUSBx' to
127 c) On Nvidia Southbridge based systems: the kernel will try to probe
128 and find out which port has a debug device connected.
133 You can test the output by using earlyprintk=dbgp,keep and provoking
134 kernel messages on the host/target system. You can provoke a harmless
135 kernel message by for example doing::
137 echo h > /proc/sysrq-trigger
139 On the host/target system you should see this help line in "dmesg" output::
141 SysRq : HELP : loglevel(0-9) reBoot Crashdump terminate-all-tasks(E) memory-full-oom-kill(F) kill-all-tasks(I) saK show-backtrace-all-active-cpus(L) show-memory-usage(M) nice-all-RT-tasks(N) powerOff show-registers(P) show-all-timers(Q) unRaw Sync show-task-states(T) Unmount show-blocked-tasks(W) dump-ftrace-buffer(Z)
143 On the client/console system do::
147 And you should see the help line above displayed shortly after you've
148 provoked it on the host system.
150 If it does not work then please ask about it on the linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
151 mailing list or contact the x86 maintainers.