10 Upcoming Intel CPUs have support for recovering from some memory errors
11 (``MCA recovery``). This requires the OS to declare a page "poisoned",
12 kill the processes associated with it and avoid using it in the future.
14 This patchkit implements the necessary infrastructure in the VM.
16 To quote the overview comment::
18 High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
19 hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache
22 This focusses on pages detected as corrupted in the background.
23 When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently
24 running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies
25 that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to
26 just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead
27 when that happens another machine check will happen.
29 Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part
30 here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM
31 users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere,
32 possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code
33 has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking
34 rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the
35 error handling takes potentially a long time.
37 Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non
38 linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not
39 been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case
40 for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected
41 to be rare we hope we can get away with this.
43 The code consists of a the high level handler in mm/memory-failure.c,
44 a new page poison bit and various checks in the VM to handle poisoned
47 The main target right now is KVM guests, but it works for all kinds
48 of applications. KVM support requires a recent qemu-kvm release.
50 For the KVM use there was need for a new signal type so that
51 KVM can inject the machine check into the guest with the proper
52 address. This in theory allows other applications to handle
53 memory failures too. The expection is that near all applications
54 won't do that, but some very specialized ones might.
56 Failure recovery modes
57 ======================
59 There are two (actually three) modes memory failure recovery can be in:
61 vm.memory_failure_recovery sysctl set to zero:
62 All memory failures cause a panic. Do not attempt recovery.
63 (on x86 this can be also affected by the tolerant level of the
67 (can be controlled globally and per process)
68 Send SIGBUS to the application as soon as the error is detected
69 This allows applications who can process memory errors in a gentle
70 way (e.g. drop affected object)
71 This is the mode used by KVM qemu.
74 Send SIGBUS when the application runs into the corrupted page.
75 This is best for memory error unaware applications and default
76 Note some pages are always handled as late kill.
81 vm.memory_failure_recovery
84 vm.memory_failure_early_kill
85 Enable early kill mode globally
88 Set early/late kill mode/revert to system default
90 arg1: PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR:
91 Revert to system default
92 arg1: PR_MCE_KILL_SET:
93 arg2 defines thread specific mode
100 Use system global default
102 Note that if you want to have a dedicated thread which handles
103 the SIGBUS(BUS_MCEERR_AO) on behalf of the process, you should
104 call prctl(PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY) on the designated thread. Otherwise,
105 the SIGBUS is sent to the main thread.
113 * madvise(MADV_HWPOISON, ....) (as root) - Poison a page in the
116 * hwpoison-inject module through debugfs ``/sys/kernel/debug/hwpoison/``
119 Inject hwpoison fault at PFN echoed into this file. This does
120 some early filtering to avoid corrupted unintended pages in test suites.
123 Software-unpoison page at PFN echoed into this file. This way
124 a page can be reused again. This only works for Linux
125 injected failures, not for real memory failures.
127 Note these injection interfaces are not stable and might change between
130 corrupt-filter-dev-major, corrupt-filter-dev-minor
131 Only handle memory failures to pages associated with the file
132 system defined by block device major/minor. -1U is the
133 wildcard value. This should be only used for testing with
134 artificial injection.
137 Limit injection to pages owned by memgroup. Specified by inode
142 mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison
144 usemem -m 100 -s 1000 &
145 echo `jobs -p` > /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison/tasks
147 memcg_ino=$(ls -id /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison | cut -f1 -d' ')
148 echo $memcg_ino > /debug/hwpoison/corrupt-filter-memcg
150 page-types -p `pidof init` --hwpoison # shall do nothing
151 page-types -p `pidof usemem` --hwpoison # poison its pages
153 corrupt-filter-flags-mask, corrupt-filter-flags-value
154 When specified, only poison pages if ((page_flags & mask) ==
155 value). This allows stress testing of many kinds of
156 pages. The page_flags are the same as in /proc/kpageflags. The
157 flag bits are defined in include/linux/kernel-page-flags.h and
158 documented in Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst
160 * Architecture specific MCE injector
162 x86 has mce-inject, mce-test
164 Some portable hwpoison test programs in mce-test, see below.
169 http://halobates.de/mce-lc09-2.pdf
170 Overview presentation from LinuxCon 09
172 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/cpu/mce/mce-test.git
173 Test suite (hwpoison specific portable tests in tsrc)
175 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/cpu/mce/mce-inject.git
176 x86 specific injector
181 - Not all page types are supported and never will. Most kernel internal
182 objects cannot be recovered, only LRU pages for now.
183 - Right now hugepage support is missing.