1 Linux USB Video Class (UVC) driver
2 ==================================
4 This file documents some driver-specific aspects of the UVC driver, such as
5 driver-specific ioctls and implementation notes.
7 Questions and remarks can be sent to the Linux UVC development mailing list at
8 linux-uvc-devel@lists.berlios.de.
11 Extension Unit (XU) support
12 ---------------------------
16 The UVC specification allows for vendor-specific extensions through extension
17 units (XUs). The Linux UVC driver supports extension unit controls (XU controls)
18 through two separate mechanisms:
20 - through mappings of XU controls to V4L2 controls
21 - through a driver-specific ioctl interface
23 The first one allows generic V4L2 applications to use XU controls by mapping
24 certain XU controls onto V4L2 controls, which then show up during ordinary
27 The second mechanism requires uvcvideo-specific knowledge for the application to
28 access XU controls but exposes the entire UVC XU concept to user space for
31 Both mechanisms complement each other and are described in more detail below.
36 The UVC driver provides an API for user space applications to define so-called
37 control mappings at runtime. These allow for individual XU controls or byte
38 ranges thereof to be mapped to new V4L2 controls. Such controls appear and
39 function exactly like normal V4L2 controls (i.e. the stock controls, such as
40 brightness, contrast, etc.). However, reading or writing of such a V4L2 controls
41 triggers a read or write of the associated XU control.
43 The ioctl used to create these control mappings is called UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP.
44 Previous driver versions (before 0.2.0) required another ioctl to be used
45 beforehand (UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD) to pass XU control information to the UVC driver.
46 This is no longer necessary as newer uvcvideo versions query the information
47 directly from the device.
49 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctl please refer to the section titled
50 "IOCTL reference" below.
53 3. Driver specific XU control interface
55 For applications that need to access XU controls directly, e.g. for testing
56 purposes, firmware upload, or accessing binary controls, a second mechanism to
57 access XU controls is provided in the form of a driver-specific ioctl, namely
60 A call to this ioctl allows applications to send queries to the UVC driver that
61 directly map to the low-level UVC control requests.
63 In order to make such a request the UVC unit ID of the control's extension unit
64 and the control selector need to be known. This information either needs to be
65 hardcoded in the application or queried using other ways such as by parsing the
66 UVC descriptor or, if available, using the media controller API to enumerate a
69 Unless the control size is already known it is necessary to first make a
70 UVC_GET_LEN requests in order to be able to allocate a sufficiently large buffer
71 and set the buffer size to the correct value. Similarly, to find out whether
72 UVC_GET_CUR or UVC_SET_CUR are valid requests for a given control, a
73 UVC_GET_INFO request should be made. The bits 0 (GET supported) and 1 (SET
74 supported) of the resulting byte indicate which requests are valid.
76 With the addition of the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl the UVCIOC_CTRL_GET and
77 UVCIOC_CTRL_SET ioctls have become obsolete since their functionality is a
78 subset of the former ioctl. For the time being they are still supported but
79 application developers are encouraged to use UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY instead.
81 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl please refer to the section titled
82 "IOCTL reference" below.
87 The API doesn't currently provide a fine-grained access control facility. The
88 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctls require super user permissions.
90 Suggestions on how to improve this are welcome.
95 In order to debug problems related to XU controls or controls in general it is
96 recommended to enable the UVC_TRACE_CONTROL bit in the module parameter 'trace'.
97 This causes extra output to be written into the system log.
102 ---- UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Map a UVC control to a V4L2 control ----
104 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
107 This ioctl creates a mapping between a UVC control or part of a UVC
108 control and a V4L2 control. Once mappings are defined, userspace
109 applications can access vendor-defined UVC control through the V4L2
112 To create a mapping, applications fill the uvc_xu_control_mapping
113 structure with information about an existing UVC control defined with
114 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and a new V4L2 control.
116 A UVC control can be mapped to several V4L2 controls. For instance,
117 a UVC pan/tilt control could be mapped to separate pan and tilt V4L2
118 controls. The UVC control is divided into non overlapping fields using
119 the 'size' and 'offset' fields and are then independently mapped to
122 For signed integer V4L2 controls the data_type field should be set to
123 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED. Other values are currently ignored.
126 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
130 Not enough memory to perform the operation.
132 Insufficient privileges (super user privileges are required).
136 The requested offset and size would overflow the UVC control.
138 Mapping already exists.
141 * struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
143 __u32 id V4L2 control identifier
144 __u8 name[32] V4L2 control name
145 __u8 entity[16] UVC extension unit GUID
146 __u8 selector UVC control selector
147 __u8 size V4L2 control size (in bits)
148 __u8 offset V4L2 control offset (in bits)
150 v4l2_type V4L2 control type
151 enum uvc_control_data_type
152 data_type UVC control data type
154 *menu_info Array of menu entries (for menu controls only)
155 __u32 menu_count Number of menu entries (for menu controls only)
157 * struct uvc_menu_info
159 __u32 value Menu entry value used by the device
160 __u8 name[32] Menu entry name
163 * enum uvc_control_data_type
165 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_RAW Raw control (byte array)
166 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED Signed integer
167 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_UNSIGNED Unsigned integer
168 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BOOLEAN Boolean
169 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_ENUM Enumeration
170 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BITMASK Bitmask
173 ---- UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY - Query a UVC XU control ----
175 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_query
178 This ioctl queries a UVC XU control identified by its extension unit ID
179 and control selector.
181 There are a number of different queries available that closely
182 correspond to the low-level control requests described in the UVC
183 specification. These requests are:
186 Obtain the current value of the control.
188 Obtain the minimum value of the control.
190 Obtain the maximum value of the control.
192 Obtain the default value of the control.
194 Query the resolution of the control, i.e. the step size of the
195 allowed control values.
197 Query the size of the control in bytes.
199 Query the control information bitmap, which indicates whether
200 get/set requests are supported.
202 Update the value of the control.
204 Applications must set the 'size' field to the correct length for the
205 control. Exceptions are the UVC_GET_LEN and UVC_GET_INFO queries, for
206 which the size must be set to 2 and 1, respectively. The 'data' field
207 must point to a valid writable buffer big enough to hold the indicated
208 number of data bytes.
210 Data is copied directly from the device without any driver-side
211 processing. Applications are responsible for data buffer formatting,
212 including little-endian/big-endian conversion. This is particularly
213 important for the result of the UVC_GET_LEN requests, which is always
214 returned as a little-endian 16-bit integer by the device.
217 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
221 The device does not support the given control or the specified
222 extension unit could not be found.
224 The specified buffer size is incorrect (too big or too small).
226 An invalid request code was passed.
228 The given request is not supported by the given control.
230 The data pointer references an inaccessible memory area.
233 * struct uvc_xu_control_query
235 __u8 unit Extension unit ID
236 __u8 selector Control selector
237 __u8 query Request code to send to the device
238 __u16 size Control data size (in bytes)
239 __u8 *data Control value