1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 :Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
12 Boot-time tracing allows users to trace boot-time process including
13 device initialization with full features of ftrace including per-event
14 filter and actions, histograms, kprobe-events and synthetic-events,
16 Since kernel command line is not enough to control these complex features,
17 this uses bootconfig file to describe tracing feature programming.
19 Options in the Boot Config
20 ==========================
22 Here is the list of available options list for boot time tracing in
23 boot config file [1]_. All options are under "ftrace." or "kernel."
24 prefix. See kernel parameters for the options which starts
25 with "kernel." prefix [2]_.
27 .. [1] See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst <bootconfig>`
28 .. [2] See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst <kernelparameters>`
33 Ftrace global options have "kernel." prefix in boot config, which means
34 these options are passed as a part of kernel legacy command line.
37 Output trace-event data on printk buffer too.
39 kernel.dump_on_oops [= MODE]
40 Dump ftrace on Oops. If MODE = 1 or omitted, dump trace buffer
41 on all CPUs. If MODE = 2, dump a buffer on a CPU which kicks Oops.
43 kernel.traceoff_on_warning
44 Stop tracing if WARN_ON() occurs.
46 kernel.fgraph_max_depth = MAX_DEPTH
47 Set MAX_DEPTH to maximum depth of fgraph tracer.
49 kernel.fgraph_filters = FILTER[, FILTER2...]
50 Add fgraph tracing function filters.
52 kernel.fgraph_notraces = FILTER[, FILTER2...]
53 Add fgraph non-tracing function filters.
56 Ftrace Per-instance Options
57 ---------------------------
59 These options can be used for each instance including global ftrace node.
61 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]options = OPT1[, OPT2[...]]
62 Enable given ftrace options.
64 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]tracing_on = 0|1
65 Enable/Disable tracing on this instance when starting boot-time tracing.
66 (you can enable it by the "traceon" event trigger action)
68 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]trace_clock = CLOCK
69 Set given CLOCK to ftrace's trace_clock.
71 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]buffer_size = SIZE
72 Configure ftrace buffer size to SIZE. You can use "KB" or "MB"
75 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]alloc_snapshot
76 Allocate snapshot buffer.
78 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]cpumask = CPUMASK
79 Set CPUMASK as trace cpu-mask.
81 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]events = EVENT[, EVENT2[...]]
82 Enable given events on boot. You can use a wild card in EVENT.
84 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]tracer = TRACER
85 Set TRACER to current tracer on boot. (e.g. function)
87 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]ftrace.filters
88 This will take an array of tracing function filter rules.
90 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]ftrace.notraces
91 This will take an array of NON-tracing function filter rules.
94 Ftrace Per-Event Options
95 ------------------------
97 These options are setting per-event options.
99 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.enable
100 Enable GROUP:EVENT tracing.
102 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.enable
103 Enable all event tracing within GROUP.
105 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.enable
106 Enable all event tracing.
108 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.filter = FILTER
109 Set FILTER rule to the GROUP:EVENT.
111 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.actions = ACTION[, ACTION2[...]]
112 Set ACTIONs to the GROUP:EVENT.
114 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.kprobes.EVENT.probes = PROBE[, PROBE2[...]]
115 Defines new kprobe event based on PROBEs. It is able to define
116 multiple probes on one event, but those must have same type of
117 arguments. This option is available only for the event which
118 group name is "kprobes".
120 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.synthetic.EVENT.fields = FIELD[, FIELD2[...]]
121 Defines new synthetic event with FIELDs. Each field should be
124 Note that kprobe and synthetic event definitions can be written under
125 instance node, but those are also visible from other instances. So please
126 take care for event name conflict.
128 Ftrace Histogram Options
129 ------------------------
131 Since it is too long to write a histogram action as a string for per-event
132 action option, there are tree-style options under per-event 'hist' subkey
133 for the histogram actions. For the detail of the each parameter,
134 please read the event histogram document (Documentation/trace/histogram.rst)
136 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]keys = KEY1[, KEY2[...]]
137 Set histogram key parameters. (Mandatory)
138 The 'N' is a digit string for the multiple histogram. You can omit it
139 if there is one histogram on the event.
141 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]values = VAL1[, VAL2[...]]
142 Set histogram value parameters.
144 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]sort = SORT1[, SORT2[...]]
145 Set histogram sort parameter options.
147 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]size = NR_ENTRIES
148 Set histogram size (number of entries).
150 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]name = NAME
153 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]var.VARIABLE = EXPR
154 Define a new VARIABLE by EXPR expression.
156 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<pause|continue|clear>
157 Set histogram control parameter. You can set one of them.
159 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmatch.[M.]event = GROUP.EVENT
160 Set histogram 'onmatch' handler matching event parameter.
161 The 'M' is a digit string for the multiple 'onmatch' handler. You can omit it
162 if there is one 'onmatch' handler on this histogram.
164 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmatch.[M.]trace = EVENT[, ARG1[...]]
165 Set histogram 'trace' action for 'onmatch'.
166 EVENT must be a synthetic event name, and ARG1... are parameters
167 for that event. Mandatory if 'onmatch.event' option is set.
169 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmax.[M.]var = VAR
170 Set histogram 'onmax' handler variable parameter.
172 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onchange.[M.]var = VAR
173 Set histogram 'onchange' handler variable parameter.
175 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<onmax|onchange>.[M.]save = ARG1[, ARG2[...]]
176 Set histogram 'save' action parameters for 'onmax' or 'onchange' handler.
177 This option or below 'snapshot' option is mandatory if 'onmax.var' or
178 'onchange.var' option is set.
180 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<onmax|onchange>.[M.]snapshot
181 Set histogram 'snapshot' action for 'onmax' or 'onchange' handler.
182 This option or above 'save' option is mandatory if 'onmax.var' or
183 'onchange.var' option is set.
185 ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.filter = FILTER_EXPR
186 Set histogram filter expression. You don't need 'if' in the FILTER_EXPR.
188 Note that this 'hist' option can conflict with the per-event 'actions'
189 option if the 'actions' option has a histogram action.
195 All boot-time tracing options starting with ``ftrace`` will be enabled at the
196 end of core_initcall. This means you can trace the events from postcore_initcall.
197 Most of the subsystems and architecture dependent drivers will be initialized
198 after that (arch_initcall or subsys_initcall). Thus, you can trace those with
200 If you want to trace events before core_initcall, you can use the options
201 starting with ``kernel``. Some of them will be enabled eariler than the initcall
202 processing (for example,. ``kernel.ftrace=function`` and ``kernel.trace_event``
203 will start before the initcall.)
209 For example, to add filter and actions for each event, define kprobe
210 events, and synthetic events with histogram, write a boot config like
219 probes = "vfs_read $arg1 $arg2"
220 filter = "common_pid < 200"
223 synthetic.initcall_latency {
224 fields = "unsigned long func", "u64 lat"
231 initcall.initcall_start.hist {
233 var.ts0 = common_timestamp.usecs
235 initcall.initcall_finish.hist {
237 var.lat = common_timestamp.usecs - $ts0
239 event = initcall.initcall_start
240 trace = initcall_latency, func, $lat
245 Also, boot-time tracing supports "instance" node, which allows us to run
246 several tracers for different purpose at once. For example, one tracer
247 is for tracing functions starting with "user\_", and others tracing
248 "kernel\_" functions, you can write boot config as below::
253 ftrace.filters = "user_*"
257 ftrace.filters = "kernel_*"
261 The instance node also accepts event nodes so that each instance
262 can customize its event tracing.
264 With the trigger action and kprobes, you can trace function-graph while
265 a function is called. For example, this will trace all function calls in
266 the pci_proc_init()::
270 tracer = function_graph
273 probes = "pci_proc_init"
277 probes = "pci_proc_init%return"
284 This boot-time tracing also supports ftrace kernel parameters via boot
286 For example, following kernel parameters::
288 trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=initcall:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M ftrace=function ftrace_filter="vfs*"
290 This can be written in boot config like below::
293 trace_options = sym-addr
294 trace_event = "initcall:*"
298 ftrace_filter = "vfs*"
301 Note that parameters start with "kernel" prefix instead of "ftrace".