1 Generic Thermal Sysfs driver How To
2 ===================================
4 Written by Sujith Thomas <sujith.thomas@intel.com>, Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
6 Updated: 2 January 2008
8 Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
13 The generic thermal sysfs provides a set of interfaces for thermal zone
14 devices (sensors) and thermal cooling devices (fan, processor...) to register
15 with the thermal management solution and to be a part of it.
17 This how-to focuses on enabling new thermal zone and cooling devices to
18 participate in thermal management.
19 This solution is platform independent and any type of thermal zone devices
20 and cooling devices should be able to make use of the infrastructure.
22 The main task of the thermal sysfs driver is to expose thermal zone attributes
23 as well as cooling device attributes to the user space.
24 An intelligent thermal management application can make decisions based on
25 inputs from thermal zone attributes (the current temperature and trip point
26 temperature) and throttle appropriate devices.
28 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
29 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
31 1. thermal sysfs driver interface functions
33 1.1 thermal zone device interface
34 1.1.1 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_device_register(char *type,
35 int trips, int mask, void *devdata,
36 struct thermal_zone_device_ops *ops,
37 const struct thermal_zone_params *tzp,
38 int passive_delay, int polling_delay))
40 This interface function adds a new thermal zone device (sensor) to
41 /sys/class/thermal folder as thermal_zone[0-*]. It tries to bind all the
42 thermal cooling devices registered at the same time.
44 type: the thermal zone type.
45 trips: the total number of trip points this thermal zone supports.
46 mask: Bit string: If 'n'th bit is set, then trip point 'n' is writeable.
47 devdata: device private data
48 ops: thermal zone device call-backs.
49 .bind: bind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
50 .unbind: unbind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
51 .get_temp: get the current temperature of the thermal zone.
52 .get_mode: get the current mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
53 - "enabled" means the kernel thermal management is enabled.
54 - "disabled" will prevent kernel thermal driver action upon trip points
55 so that user applications can take charge of thermal management.
56 .set_mode: set the mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
57 .get_trip_type: get the type of certain trip point.
58 .get_trip_temp: get the temperature above which the certain trip point
60 .set_emul_temp: set the emulation temperature which helps in debugging
61 different threshold temperature points.
62 tzp: thermal zone platform parameters.
63 passive_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when
64 performing passive cooling.
65 polling_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when checking
66 whether trip points have been crossed (0 for interrupt driven systems).
69 1.1.2 void thermal_zone_device_unregister(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
71 This interface function removes the thermal zone device.
72 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
73 unbind all the thermal cooling devices it uses.
75 1.2 thermal cooling device interface
76 1.2.1 struct thermal_cooling_device *thermal_cooling_device_register(char *name,
77 void *devdata, struct thermal_cooling_device_ops *)
79 This interface function adds a new thermal cooling device (fan/processor/...)
80 to /sys/class/thermal/ folder as cooling_device[0-*]. It tries to bind itself
81 to all the thermal zone devices register at the same time.
82 name: the cooling device name.
83 devdata: device private data.
84 ops: thermal cooling devices call-backs.
85 .get_max_state: get the Maximum throttle state of the cooling device.
86 .get_cur_state: get the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
87 .set_cur_state: set the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
89 1.2.2 void thermal_cooling_device_unregister(struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev)
91 This interface function remove the thermal cooling device.
92 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
93 unbind itself from all the thermal zone devices using it.
95 1.3 interface for binding a thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device
96 1.3.1 int thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
97 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev,
98 unsigned long upper, unsigned long lower);
100 This interface function bind a thermal cooling device to the certain trip
101 point of a thermal zone device.
102 This function is usually called in the thermal zone device .bind callback.
103 tz: the thermal zone device
104 cdev: thermal cooling device
105 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
106 in this thermal zone.
107 upper:the Maximum cooling state for this trip point.
108 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no upper limit,
109 and the cooling device can be in max_state.
110 lower:the Minimum cooling state can be used for this trip point.
111 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no lower limit,
112 and the cooling device can be in cooling state 0.
114 1.3.2 int thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
115 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev);
117 This interface function unbind a thermal cooling device from the certain
118 trip point of a thermal zone device. This function is usually called in
119 the thermal zone device .unbind callback.
120 tz: the thermal zone device
121 cdev: thermal cooling device
122 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
123 in this thermal zone.
125 1.4 Thermal Zone Parameters
126 1.4.1 struct thermal_bind_params
127 This structure defines the following parameters that are used to bind
128 a zone with a cooling device for a particular trip point.
129 .cdev: The cooling device pointer
130 .weight: The 'influence' of a particular cooling device on this zone.
131 This is on a percentage scale. The sum of all these weights
132 (for a particular zone) cannot exceed 100.
133 .trip_mask:This is a bit mask that gives the binding relation between
134 this thermal zone and cdev, for a particular trip point.
135 If nth bit is set, then the cdev and thermal zone are bound
137 .limits: This is an array of cooling state limits. Must have exactly
138 2 * thermal_zone.number_of_trip_points. It is an array consisting
139 of tuples <lower-state upper-state> of state limits. Each trip
140 will be associated with one state limit tuple when binding.
141 A NULL pointer means <THERMAL_NO_LIMITS THERMAL_NO_LIMITS>
142 on all trips. These limits are used when binding a cdev to a
144 .match: This call back returns success(0) if the 'tz and cdev' need to
145 be bound, as per platform data.
146 1.4.2 struct thermal_zone_params
147 This structure defines the platform level parameters for a thermal zone.
148 This data, for each thermal zone should come from the platform layer.
149 This is an optional feature where some platforms can choose not to
151 .governor_name: Name of the thermal governor used for this zone
152 .no_hwmon: a boolean to indicate if the thermal to hwmon sysfs interface
153 is required. when no_hwmon == false, a hwmon sysfs interface
154 will be created. when no_hwmon == true, nothing will be done.
155 In case the thermal_zone_params is NULL, the hwmon interface
156 will be created (for backward compatibility).
157 .num_tbps: Number of thermal_bind_params entries for this zone
158 .tbp: thermal_bind_params entries
160 2. sysfs attributes structure
165 Thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal.
166 Hwmon sysfs I/F extension is also available under /sys/class/hwmon
167 if hwmon is compiled in or built as a module.
169 Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
170 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
171 |---type: Type of the thermal zone
172 |---temp: Current temperature
173 |---mode: Working mode of the thermal zone
174 |---policy: Thermal governor used for this zone
175 |---trip_point_[0-*]_temp: Trip point temperature
176 |---trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type
177 |---trip_point_[0-*]_hyst: Hysteresis value for this trip point
178 |---emul_temp: Emulated temperature set node
180 Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
181 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]:
182 |---type: Type of the cooling device(processor/fan/...)
183 |---max_state: Maximum cooling state of the cooling device
184 |---cur_state: Current cooling state of the cooling device
187 Then next two dynamic attributes are created/removed in pairs. They represent
188 the relationship between a thermal zone and its associated cooling device.
189 They are created/removed for each successful execution of
190 thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device.
192 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
193 |---cdev[0-*]: [0-*]th cooling device in current thermal zone
194 |---cdev[0-*]_trip_point: Trip point that cdev[0-*] is associated with
196 Besides the thermal zone device sysfs I/F and cooling device sysfs I/F,
197 the generic thermal driver also creates a hwmon sysfs I/F for each _type_
198 of thermal zone device. E.g. the generic thermal driver registers one hwmon
199 class device and build the associated hwmon sysfs I/F for all the registered
202 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon[0-*]:
203 |---name: The type of the thermal zone devices
204 |---temp[1-*]_input: The current temperature of thermal zone [1-*]
205 |---temp[1-*]_critical: The critical trip point of thermal zone [1-*]
207 Please read Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface for additional information.
209 ***************************
210 * Thermal zone attributes *
211 ***************************
214 Strings which represent the thermal zone type.
215 This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration.
216 E.g: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device.
217 In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute; this should
218 be a short, lowercase string, not containing spaces nor dashes.
222 Current temperature as reported by thermal zone (sensor).
223 Unit: millidegree Celsius
227 One of the predefined values in [enabled, disabled].
228 This file gives information about the algorithm that is currently
229 managing the thermal zone. It can be either default kernel based
230 algorithm or user space application.
231 enabled = enable Kernel Thermal management.
232 disabled = Preventing kernel thermal zone driver actions upon
233 trip points so that user application can take full
234 charge of the thermal management.
238 One of the various thermal governors used for a particular zone.
241 trip_point_[0-*]_temp
242 The temperature above which trip point will be fired.
243 Unit: millidegree Celsius
246 trip_point_[0-*]_type
247 Strings which indicate the type of the trip point.
248 E.g. it can be one of critical, hot, passive, active[0-*] for ACPI
252 trip_point_[0-*]_hyst
253 The hysteresis value for a trip point, represented as an integer
258 Sysfs link to the thermal cooling device node where the sys I/F
259 for cooling device throttling control represents.
263 The trip point with which cdev[0-*] is associated in this thermal
264 zone; -1 means the cooling device is not associated with any trip
269 Attribute is only present for zones in which the passive cooling
270 policy is not supported by native thermal driver. Default is zero
271 and can be set to a temperature (in millidegrees) to enable a
272 passive trip point for the zone. Activation is done by polling with
273 an interval of 1 second.
274 Unit: millidegrees Celsius
275 Valid values: 0 (disabled) or greater than 1000
279 Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
280 (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may pass
281 this temperature to platform emulation function if registered or
282 cache it locally. This is useful in debugging different temperature
283 threshold and its associated cooling action. This is write only node
284 and writing 0 on this node should disable emulation.
285 Unit: millidegree Celsius
288 WARNING: Be careful while enabling this option on production systems,
289 because userland can easily disable the thermal policy by simply
290 flooding this sysfs node with low temperature values.
292 *****************************
293 * Cooling device attributes *
294 *****************************
297 String which represents the type of device, e.g:
298 - for generic ACPI: should be "Fan", "Processor" or "LCD"
299 - for memory controller device on intel_menlow platform:
300 should be "Memory controller".
304 The maximum permissible cooling state of this cooling device.
308 The current cooling state of this cooling device.
309 The value can any integer numbers between 0 and max_state:
310 - cur_state == 0 means no cooling
311 - cur_state == max_state means the maximum cooling.
314 3. A simple implementation
316 ACPI thermal zone may support multiple trip points like critical, hot,
317 passive, active. If an ACPI thermal zone supports critical, passive,
318 active[0] and active[1] at the same time, it may register itself as a
319 thermal_zone_device (thermal_zone1) with 4 trip points in all.
320 It has one processor and one fan, which are both registered as
321 thermal_cooling_device.
323 If the processor is listed in _PSL method, and the fan is listed in _AL0
324 method, the sys I/F structure will be built like this:
332 |---policy: step_wise
333 |---trip_point_0_temp: 100000
334 |---trip_point_0_type: critical
335 |---trip_point_1_temp: 80000
336 |---trip_point_1_type: passive
337 |---trip_point_2_temp: 70000
338 |---trip_point_2_type: active0
339 |---trip_point_3_temp: 60000
340 |---trip_point_3_type: active1
341 |---cdev0: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0
342 |---cdev0_trip_point: 1 /* cdev0 can be used for passive */
343 |---cdev1: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device3
344 |---cdev1_trip_point: 2 /* cdev1 can be used for active[0]*/
360 |---temp1_input: 37000
361 |---temp1_crit: 100000
363 4. Event Notification
365 The framework includes a simple notification mechanism, in the form of a
366 netlink event. Netlink socket initialization is done during the _init_
367 of the framework. Drivers which intend to use the notification mechanism
368 just need to call thermal_generate_netlink_event() with two arguments viz
369 (originator, event). The originator is a pointer to struct thermal_zone_device
370 from where the event has been originated. An integer which represents the
371 thermal zone device will be used in the message to identify the zone. The
372 event will be one of:{THERMAL_AUX0, THERMAL_AUX1, THERMAL_CRITICAL,
373 THERMAL_DEV_FAULT}. Notification can be sent when the current temperature
374 crosses any of the configured thresholds.
376 5. Export Symbol APIs:
379 This function returns the trend of a thermal zone, i.e the rate of change
380 of temperature of the thermal zone. Ideally, the thermal sensor drivers
381 are supposed to implement the callback. If they don't, the thermal
382 framework calculated the trend by comparing the previous and the current
385 5.2:get_thermal_instance:
386 This function returns the thermal_instance corresponding to a given
387 {thermal_zone, cooling_device, trip_point} combination. Returns NULL
388 if such an instance does not exist.
390 5.3:thermal_notify_framework:
391 This function handles the trip events from sensor drivers. It starts
392 throttling the cooling devices according to the policy configured.
393 For CRITICAL and HOT trip points, this notifies the respective drivers,
394 and does actual throttling for other trip points i.e ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
395 The throttling policy is based on the configured platform data; if no
396 platform data is provided, this uses the step_wise throttling policy.
398 5.4:thermal_cdev_update:
399 This function serves as an arbitrator to set the state of a cooling
400 device. It sets the cooling device to the deepest cooling state if