1 ==============================
2 PXA2xx SPI on SSP driver HOWTO
3 ==============================
5 This a mini HOWTO on the pxa2xx_spi driver. The driver turns a PXA2xx
6 synchronous serial port into an SPI master controller
7 (see Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst). The driver has the following features
9 - Support for any PXA2xx and compatible SSP.
10 - SSP PIO and SSP DMA data transfers.
11 - External and Internal (SSPFRM) chip selects.
12 - Per slave device (chip) configuration.
13 - Full suspend, freeze, resume support.
15 The driver is built around a &struct spi_message FIFO serviced by kernel
16 thread. The kernel thread, spi_pump_messages(), drives message FIFO and
17 is responsible for queuing SPI transactions and setting up and launching
18 the DMA or interrupt driven transfers.
20 Declaring PXA2xx Master Controllers
21 -----------------------------------
22 Typically, for a legacy platform, an SPI master is defined in the
23 arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c as a "platform device". The master configuration
24 is passed to the driver via a table found in include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h::
26 struct pxa2xx_spi_controller {
32 The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.num_chipselect" field is used to determine the number of
33 slave device (chips) attached to this SPI master.
35 The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.enable_dma" field informs the driver that SSP DMA should
36 be used. This caused the driver to acquire two DMA channels: Rx channel and
37 Tx channel. The Rx channel has a higher DMA service priority than the Tx channel.
38 See the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "DMA Controller".
40 For the new platforms the description of the controller and peripheral devices
41 comes from Device Tree or ACPI.
45 Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP for a legacy platform::
47 static struct resource pxa_spi_nssp_resources[] = {
49 .start = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)), /* Start address of NSSP */
50 .end = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)) + 0x2c, /* Range of registers */
51 .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
54 .start = IRQ_NSSP, /* NSSP IRQ */
56 .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
60 static struct pxa2xx_spi_controller pxa_nssp_master_info = {
61 .num_chipselect = 1, /* Matches the number of chips attached to NSSP */
62 .enable_dma = 1, /* Enables NSSP DMA */
65 static struct platform_device pxa_spi_nssp = {
66 .name = "pxa2xx-spi", /* MUST BE THIS VALUE, so device match driver */
67 .id = 2, /* Bus number, MUST MATCH SSP number 1..n */
68 .resource = pxa_spi_nssp_resources,
69 .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(pxa_spi_nssp_resources),
71 .platform_data = &pxa_nssp_master_info, /* Passed to driver */
75 static struct platform_device *devices[] __initdata = {
79 static void __init board_init(void)
81 (void)platform_add_device(devices, ARRAY_SIZE(devices));
84 Declaring Slave Devices
85 -----------------------
86 Typically, for a legacy platform, each SPI slave (chip) is defined in the
87 arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c using the "spi_board_info" structure found in
88 "linux/spi/spi.h". See "Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst" for additional
91 Each slave device attached to the PXA must provide slave specific configuration
92 information via the structure "pxa2xx_spi_chip" found in
93 "include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h". The pxa2xx_spi master controller driver
94 will uses the configuration whenever the driver communicates with the slave
95 device. All fields are optional.
99 struct pxa2xx_spi_chip {
105 void (*cs_control)(u32 command);
108 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.tx_threshold" and "pxa2xx_spi_chip.rx_threshold" fields are
109 used to configure the SSP hardware FIFO. These fields are critical to the
110 performance of pxa2xx_spi driver and misconfiguration will result in rx
111 FIFO overruns (especially in PIO mode transfers). Good default values are::
116 The range is 1 to 16 where zero indicates "use default".
118 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is used to configure PXA2xx DMA
119 engine and is related the "spi_device.bits_per_word" field. Read and understand
120 the PXA2xx "Developer Manual" sections on the DMA controller and SSP Controllers
121 to determine the correct value. An SSP configured for byte-wide transfers would
122 use a value of 8. The driver will determine a reasonable default if
125 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout" fields is used to efficiently handle
126 trailing bytes in the SSP receiver FIFO. The correct value for this field is
127 dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific
128 slave device. Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
129 timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.
131 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
132 into internal loopback mode. In this mode the SSP controller internally
133 connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup
136 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
137 function for asserting/deasserting a slave device chip select. If the field is
138 NULL, the pxa2xx_spi master controller driver assumes that the SSP port is
139 configured to use GPIO or SSPFRM instead.
141 NOTE: the SPI driver cannot control the chip select if SSPFRM is used, so the
142 chipselect is dropped after each spi_transfer. Most devices need chip select
143 asserted around the complete message. Use SSPFRM as a GPIO (through a descriptor)
144 to accommodate these chips.
149 For a legacy platform or in some other cases, the pxa2xx_spi_chip structure
150 is passed to the pxa2xx_spi driver in the "spi_board_info.controller_data"
151 field. Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP.
155 /* Chip Select control for the CS8415A SPI slave device */
156 static void cs8415a_cs_control(u32 command)
158 if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
159 GPCR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
161 GPSR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
164 /* Chip Select control for the CS8405A SPI slave device */
165 static void cs8405a_cs_control(u32 command)
167 if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
168 GPCR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
170 GPSR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
173 static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8415a_chip_info = {
174 .tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
175 .rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
176 .dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
177 .timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
178 .cs_control = cs8415a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
181 static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8405a_chip_info = {
182 .tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
183 .rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
184 .dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
185 .timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
186 .cs_control = cs8405a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
189 static struct spi_board_info streetracer_spi_board_info[] __initdata = {
191 .modalias = "cs8415a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
192 .max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
193 .bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
194 .chip_select = 0, /* Framework chip select */
195 .platform_data = NULL; /* No spi_driver specific config */
196 .controller_data = &cs8415a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
197 .irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
200 .modalias = "cs8405a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
201 .max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
202 .bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
203 .chip_select = 1, /* Framework chip select */
204 .controller_data = &cs8405a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
205 .irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
209 static void __init streetracer_init(void)
211 spi_register_board_info(streetracer_spi_board_info,
212 ARRAY_SIZE(streetracer_spi_board_info));
216 DMA and PIO I/O Support
217 -----------------------
218 The pxa2xx_spi driver supports both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
219 transfers. The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must be enabled
220 by setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_controller" structure.
221 For the newer platforms, that are known to support DMA, the driver will enable
222 it automatically and try it first with a possible fallback to PIO. The DMA
223 mode supports both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.
225 The following logic is used to determine the type of I/O to be used on
226 a per "spi_transfer" basis::
229 always use PIO transfers
231 if spi_message.len > 8191 then
232 print "rate limited" warning
235 if spi_message.is_dma_mapped and rx_dma_buf != 0 and tx_dma_buf != 0 then
236 use coherent DMA mode
238 if rx_buf and tx_buf are aligned on 8 byte boundary then
239 use streaming DMA mode
246 David Brownell and others for mentoring the development of this driver.