1 =============================
2 More Notes on HD-Audio Driver
3 =============================
5 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
11 HD-audio is the new standard on-board audio component on modern PCs
12 after AC97. Although Linux has been supporting HD-audio since long
13 time ago, there are often problems with new machines. A part of the
14 problem is broken BIOS, and the rest is the driver implementation.
15 This document explains the brief trouble-shooting and debugging
16 methods for the HD-audio hardware.
18 The HD-audio component consists of two parts: the controller chip and
19 the codec chips on the HD-audio bus. Linux provides a single driver
20 for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Although the driver name contains
21 a word of a well-known hardware vendor, it's not specific to it but for
22 all controller chips by other companies. Since the HD-audio
23 controllers are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver
24 should work in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known
25 bugs and issues specific to each controller type. The snd-hda-intel
26 driver has a bunch of workarounds for these as described below.
28 A controller may have multiple codecs. Usually you have one audio
29 codec and optionally one modem codec. In theory, there might be
30 multiple audio codecs, e.g. for analog and digital outputs, and the
31 driver might not work properly because of conflict of mixer elements.
32 This should be fixed in future if such hardware really exists.
34 The snd-hda-intel driver has several different codec parsers depending
35 on the codec. It has a generic parser as a fallback, but this
36 functionality is fairly limited until now. Instead of the generic
37 parser, usually the codec-specific parser (coded in patch_*.c) is used
38 for the codec-specific implementations. The details about the
39 codec-specific problems are explained in the later sections.
41 If you are interested in the deep debugging of HD-audio, read the
42 HD-audio specification at first. The specification is found on
43 Intel's web page, for example:
45 * https://www.intel.com/standards/hdaudio/
53 The most common problem of the controller is the inaccurate DMA
54 pointer reporting. The DMA pointer for playback and capture can be
55 read in two ways, either via a LPIB register or via a position-buffer
56 map. As default the driver tries to read from the io-mapped
57 position-buffer, and falls back to LPIB if the position-buffer appears
58 dead. However, this detection isn't perfect on some devices. In such
59 a case, you can change the default method via ``position_fix`` option.
61 ``position_fix=1`` means to use LPIB method explicitly.
62 ``position_fix=2`` means to use the position-buffer.
63 ``position_fix=3`` means to use a combination of both methods, needed
64 for some VIA controllers. The capture stream position is corrected
65 by comparing both LPIB and position-buffer values.
66 ``position_fix=4`` is another combination available for all controllers,
67 and uses LPIB for the playback and the position-buffer for the capture
69 ``position_fix=5`` is specific to Intel platforms, so far, for Skylake
70 and onward. It applies the delay calculation for the precise position
72 ``position_fix=6`` is to correct the position with the fixed FIFO
73 size, mainly targeted for the recent AMD controllers.
74 0 is the default value for all other
75 controllers, the automatic check and fallback to LPIB as described in
76 the above. If you get a problem of repeated sounds, this option might
79 In addition to that, every controller is known to be broken regarding
80 the wake-up timing. It wakes up a few samples before actually
81 processing the data on the buffer. This caused a lot of problems, for
82 example, with ALSA dmix or JACK. Since 2.6.27 kernel, the driver puts
83 an artificial delay to the wake up timing. This delay is controlled
84 via ``bdl_pos_adj`` option.
86 When ``bdl_pos_adj`` is a negative value (as default), it's assigned to
87 an appropriate value depending on the controller chip. For Intel
88 chips, it'd be 1 while it'd be 32 for others. Usually this works.
89 Only in case it doesn't work and you get warning messages, you should
90 change this parameter to other values.
95 A less often but a more severe problem is the codec probing. When
96 BIOS reports the available codec slots wrongly, the driver gets
97 confused and tries to access the non-existing codec slot. This often
98 results in the total screw-up, and destructs the further communication
99 with the codec chips. The symptom appears usually as error messages
103 hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode:
105 hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to single_cmd mode:
108 The first line is a warning, and this is usually relatively harmless.
109 It means that the codec response isn't notified via an IRQ. The
110 driver uses explicit polling method to read the response. It gives
111 very slight CPU overhead, but you'd unlikely notice it.
113 The second line is, however, a fatal error. If this happens, usually
114 it means that something is really wrong. Most likely you are
115 accessing a non-existing codec slot.
117 Thus, if the second error message appears, try to narrow the probed
118 codec slots via ``probe_mask`` option. It's a bitmask, and each bit
119 corresponds to the codec slot. For example, to probe only the first
120 slot, pass ``probe_mask=1``. For the first and the third slots, pass
121 ``probe_mask=5`` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on.
123 Since 2.6.29 kernel, the driver has a more robust probing method, so
124 this error might happen rarely, though.
126 On a machine with a broken BIOS, sometimes you need to force the
127 driver to probe the codec slots the hardware doesn't report for use.
128 In such a case, turn the bit 8 (0x100) of ``probe_mask`` option on.
129 Then the rest 8 bits are passed as the codec slots to probe
130 unconditionally. For example, ``probe_mask=0x103`` will force to probe
131 the codec slots 0 and 1 no matter what the hardware reports.
136 HD-audio driver uses MSI as default (if available) since 2.6.33
137 kernel as MSI works better on some machines, and in general, it's
138 better for performance. However, Nvidia controllers showed bad
139 regressions with MSI (especially in a combination with AMD chipset),
140 thus we disabled MSI for them.
142 There seem also still other devices that don't work with MSI. If you
143 see a regression wrt the sound quality (stuttering, etc) or a lock-up
144 in the recent kernel, try to pass ``enable_msi=0`` option to disable
145 MSI. If it works, you can add the known bad device to the blacklist
146 defined in hda_intel.c. In such a case, please report and give the
147 patch back to the upstream developer.
155 The most common problem regarding the HD-audio driver is the
156 unsupported codec features or the mismatched device configuration.
157 Most of codec-specific code has several preset models, either to
158 override the BIOS setup or to provide more comprehensive features.
160 The driver checks PCI SSID and looks through the static configuration
161 table until any matching entry is found. If you have a new machine,
162 you may see a message like below:
165 hda_codec: ALC880: BIOS auto-probing.
167 Meanwhile, in the earlier versions, you would see a message like:
170 hda_codec: Unknown model for ALC880, trying auto-probe from BIOS...
172 Even if you see such a message, DON'T PANIC. Take a deep breath and
173 keep your towel. First of all, it's an informational message, no
174 warning, no error. This means that the PCI SSID of your device isn't
175 listed in the known preset model (white-)list. But, this doesn't mean
176 that the driver is broken. Many codec-drivers provide the automatic
177 configuration mechanism based on the BIOS setup.
179 The HD-audio codec has usually "pin" widgets, and BIOS sets the default
180 configuration of each pin, which indicates the location, the
181 connection type, the jack color, etc. The HD-audio driver can guess
182 the right connection judging from these default configuration values.
183 However -- some codec-support codes, such as patch_analog.c, don't
184 support the automatic probing (yet as of 2.6.28). And, BIOS is often,
185 yes, pretty often broken. It sets up wrong values and screws up the
188 The preset model (or recently called as "fix-up") is provided
189 basically to overcome such a situation. When the matching preset
190 model is found in the white-list, the driver assumes the static
191 configuration of that preset with the correct pin setup, etc.
192 Thus, if you have a newer machine with a slightly different PCI SSID
193 (or codec SSID) from the existing one, you may have a good chance to
194 re-use the same model. You can pass the ``model`` option to specify the
195 preset model instead of PCI (and codec-) SSID look-up.
197 What ``model`` option values are available depends on the codec chip.
198 Check your codec chip from the codec proc file (see "Codec Proc-File"
199 section below). It will show the vendor/product name of your codec
200 chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst file,
201 the section of HD-audio driver. You can find a list of codecs
202 and ``model`` options belonging to each codec. For example, for Realtek
203 ALC262 codec chip, pass ``model=ultra`` for devices that are compatible
204 with Samsung Q1 Ultra.
206 Thus, the first thing you can do for any brand-new, unsupported and
207 non-working HD-audio hardware is to check HD-audio codec and several
208 different ``model`` option values. If you have any luck, some of them
209 might suit with your device well.
211 There are a few special model option values:
213 * when 'nofixup' is passed, the device-specific fixups in the codec
215 * when ``generic`` is passed, the codec-specific parser is skipped and
216 only the generic parser is used.
218 A new style for the model option that was introduced since 5.15 kernel
219 is to pass the PCI or codec SSID in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY``
220 where XXXX and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex
221 numbers, respectively. This is a kind of aliasing to another device;
222 when this form is given, the driver will refer to that SSID as a
223 reference to the quirk table. It'd be useful especially when the
224 target quirk isn't listed in the model table. For example, passing
225 model=103c:8862 will apply the quirk for HP ProBook 445 G8 (which
226 isn't found in the model table as of writing) as long as the device is
227 handled equivalently by the same driver.
230 Speaker and Headphone Output
231 ----------------------------
232 One of the most frequent (and obvious) bugs with HD-audio is the
233 silent output from either or both of a built-in speaker and a
234 headphone jack. In general, you should try a headphone output at
235 first. A speaker output often requires more additional controls like
236 the external amplifier bits. Thus a headphone output has a slightly
239 Before making a bug report, double-check whether the mixer is set up
240 correctly. The recent version of snd-hda-intel driver provides mostly
241 "Master" volume control as well as "Front" volume (where Front
242 indicates the front-channels). In addition, there can be individual
243 "Headphone" and "Speaker" controls.
245 Ditto for the speaker output. There can be "External Amplifier"
246 switch on some codecs. Turn on this if present.
248 Another related problem is the automatic mute of speaker output by
249 headphone plugging. This feature is implemented in most cases, but
250 not on every preset model or codec-support code.
252 In anyway, try a different model option if you have such a problem.
253 Some other models may match better and give you more matching
254 functionality. If none of the available models works, send a bug
255 report. See the bug report section for details.
257 If you are masochistic enough to debug the driver problem, note the
260 * The speaker (and the headphone, too) output often requires the
261 external amplifier. This can be set usually via EAPD verb or a
262 certain GPIO. If the codec pin supports EAPD, you have a better
263 chance via SET_EAPD_BTL verb (0x70c). On others, GPIO pin (mostly
264 it's either GPIO0 or GPIO1) may turn on/off EAPD.
265 * Some Realtek codecs require special vendor-specific coefficients to
266 turn on the amplifier. See patch_realtek.c.
267 * IDT codecs may have extra power-enable/disable controls on each
268 analog pin. See patch_sigmatel.c.
269 * Very rare but some devices don't accept the pin-detection verb until
270 triggered. Issuing GET_PIN_SENSE verb (0xf09) may result in the
271 codec-communication stall. Some examples are found in
277 The capture problems are often because of missing setups of mixers.
278 Thus, before submitting a bug report, make sure that you set up the
279 mixer correctly. For example, both "Capture Volume" and "Capture
280 Switch" have to be set properly in addition to the right "Capture
281 Source" or "Input Source" selection. Some devices have "Mic Boost"
284 When the PCM device is opened via "default" PCM (without pulse-audio
285 plugin), you'll likely have "Digital Capture Volume" control as well.
286 This is provided for the extra gain/attenuation of the signal in
287 software, especially for the inputs without the hardware volume
288 control such as digital microphones. Unless really needed, this
289 should be set to exactly 50%, corresponding to 0dB -- neither extra
290 gain nor attenuation. When you use "hw" PCM, i.e., a raw access PCM,
291 this control will have no influence, though.
293 It's known that some codecs / devices have fairly bad analog circuits,
294 and the recorded sound contains a certain DC-offset. This is no bug
297 Most of modern laptops have no analog CD-input connection. Thus, the
298 recording from CD input won't work in many cases although the driver
299 provides it as the capture source. Use CDDA instead.
301 The automatic switching of the built-in and external mic per plugging
302 is implemented on some codec models but not on every model. Partly
303 because of my laziness but mostly lack of testers. Feel free to
304 submit the improvement patch to the author.
309 If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a tough guy
310 to fight against evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio
311 codec verbs to the device. Some tools are available: hda-emu and
312 hda-analyzer. The detailed description is found in the sections
313 below. You'd need to enable hwdep for using these tools. See "Kernel
314 Configuration" section.
322 In general, I recommend you to enable the sound debug option,
323 ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``, no matter whether you are debugging or not.
324 This enables snd_printd() macro and others, and you'll get additional
325 kernel messages at probing.
327 In addition, you can enable ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE=y``. But this
328 will give you far more messages. Thus turn this on only when you are
331 Don't forget to turn on the appropriate ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_*``
332 options. Note that each of them corresponds to the codec chip, not
333 the controller chip. Thus, even if lspci shows the Nvidia controller,
334 you may need to choose the option for other vendors. If you are
335 unsure, just select all yes.
337 ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP`` is a useful option for debugging the driver.
338 When this is enabled, the driver creates hardware-dependent devices
339 (one per each codec), and you have a raw access to the device via
340 these device files. For example, ``hwC0D2`` will be created for the
341 codec slot #2 of the first card (#0). For debug-tools such as
342 hda-verb and hda-analyzer, the hwdep device has to be enabled.
343 Thus, it'd be better to turn this on always.
345 ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_RECONFIG`` is a new option, and this depends on the
346 hwdep option above. When enabled, you'll have some sysfs files under
347 the corresponding hwdep directory. See "HD-audio reconfiguration"
350 ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE`` option enables the power-saving feature.
351 See "Power-saving" section below.
356 The codec proc-file is a treasure-chest for debugging HD-audio.
357 It shows most of useful information of each codec widget.
359 The proc file is located in /proc/asound/card*/codec#*, one file per
360 each codec slot. You can know the codec vendor, product id and
361 names, the type of each widget, capabilities and so on.
362 This file, however, doesn't show the jack sensing state, so far. This
363 is because the jack-sensing might be depending on the trigger state.
365 This file will be picked up by the debug tools, and also it can be fed
366 to the emulator as the primary codec information. See the debug tools
369 This proc file can be also used to check whether the generic parser is
370 used. When the generic parser is used, the vendor/product ID name
371 will appear as "Realtek ID 0262", instead of "Realtek ALC262".
374 HD-Audio Reconfiguration
375 ------------------------
376 This is an experimental feature to allow you re-configure the HD-audio
377 codec dynamically without reloading the driver. The following sysfs
378 files are available under each codec-hwdep device directory (e.g.
379 /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0):
382 Shows the 32bit codec vendor-id hex number. You can change the
383 vendor-id value by writing to this file.
385 Shows the 32bit codec subsystem-id hex number. You can change the
386 subsystem-id value by writing to this file.
388 Shows the 32bit codec revision-id hex number. You can change the
389 revision-id value by writing to this file.
391 Shows the AFG ID. This is read-only.
393 Shows the MFG ID. This is read-only.
395 Shows the codec name string. Can be changed by writing to this
398 Shows the currently set ``model`` option. Can be changed by writing
401 The extra verbs to execute at initialization. You can add a verb by
402 writing to this file. Pass three numbers: nid, verb and parameter
403 (separated with a space).
405 Shows / stores hint strings for codec parsers for any use.
406 Its format is ``key = value``. For example, passing ``jack_detect = no``
407 will disable the jack detection of the machine completely.
409 Shows the initial pin default config values set by BIOS.
411 Shows the pin default values set by the codec parser explicitly.
412 This doesn't show all pin values but only the changed values by
413 the parser. That is, if the parser doesn't change the pin default
414 config values by itself, this will contain nothing.
416 Shows the pin default config values to override the BIOS setup.
417 Writing this (with two numbers, NID and value) appends the new
418 value. The given will be used instead of the initial BIOS value at
419 the next reconfiguration time. Note that this config will override
420 even the driver pin configs, too.
422 Triggers the codec re-configuration. When any value is written to
423 this file, the driver re-initialize and parses the codec tree
424 again. All the changes done by the sysfs entries above are taken
427 Resets the codec, removes the mixer elements and PCM stuff of the
428 specified codec, and clear all init verbs and hints.
430 For example, when you want to change the pin default configuration
431 value of the pin widget 0x14 to 0x9993013f, and let the driver
432 re-configure based on that state, run like below:
435 # echo 0x14 0x9993013f > /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0/user_pin_configs
436 # echo 1 > /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0/reconfig
441 The codec parser have several switches and adjustment knobs for
442 matching better with the actual codec or device behavior. Many of
443 them can be adjusted dynamically via "hints" strings as mentioned in
444 the section above. For example, by passing ``jack_detect = no`` string
445 via sysfs or a patch file, you can disable the jack detection, thus
446 the codec parser will skip the features like auto-mute or mic
447 auto-switch. As a boolean value, either ``yes``, ``no``, ``true``, ``false``,
448 ``1`` or ``0`` can be passed.
450 The generic parser supports the following hints:
453 specify whether the jack detection is available at all on this
454 machine; default true
455 inv_jack_detect (bool)
456 indicates that the jack detection logic is inverted
458 indicates that the jack detection needs the explicit call of
459 AC_VERB_SET_PIN_SENSE verb
461 indicates that the EAPD is implemented in the inverted logic
462 pcm_format_first (bool)
463 sets the PCM format before the stream tag and channel ID
465 keep the PCM format, stream tag and ID as long as possible;
467 spdif_status_reset (bool)
468 reset the SPDIF status bits at each time the SPDIF stream is set
470 pin_amp_workaround (bool)
471 the output pin may have multiple amp values
472 single_adc_amp (bool)
473 ADCs can have only single input amps
475 enable/disable the headphone auto-mute feature; default true
477 enable/disable the mic auto-switch feature; default true
478 line_in_auto_switch (bool)
479 enable/disable the line-in auto-switch feature; default false
481 limits the DACs depending on the channel count
483 probe headphone jacks as the primary outputs; default true
485 try probing multi-I/O config (e.g. shared line-in/surround,
488 provide multiple capture volumes
489 inv_dmic_split (bool)
490 provide split internal mic volume/switch for phase-inverted
493 provide the independent headphone PCM stream and the corresponding
494 mixer control, if available
495 add_stereo_mix_input (bool)
496 add the stereo mix (analog-loopback mix) to the input mux if
498 add_jack_modes (bool)
499 add "xxx Jack Mode" enum controls to each I/O jack for allowing to
500 change the headphone amp and mic bias VREF capabilities
501 power_save_node (bool)
502 advanced power management for each widget, controlling the power
503 sate (D0/D3) of each widget node depending on the actual pin and
505 power_down_unused (bool)
506 power down the unused widgets, a subset of power_save_node, and
507 will be dropped in future
509 add the headphone to capture source if possible
511 enable/disable the hp/mic shared input for a single built-in mic
514 enable/disable the virtual Master control; default true
516 specifies the widget NID of the analog-loopback mixer
521 When ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y`` is set, you can pass a "patch"
522 as a firmware file for modifying the HD-audio setup before
523 initializing the codec. This can work basically like the
524 reconfiguration via sysfs in the above, but it does it before the
525 first codec configuration.
527 A patch file is a plain text file which looks like below:
532 0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
548 The file needs to have a line ``[codec]``. The next line should contain
549 three numbers indicating the codec vendor-id (0x12345678 in the
550 example), the codec subsystem-id (0xabcd1234) and the address (2) of
551 the codec. The rest patch entries are applied to this specified codec
552 until another codec entry is given. Passing 0 or a negative number to
553 the first or the second value will make the check of the corresponding
554 field be skipped. It'll be useful for really broken devices that don't
555 initialize SSID properly.
557 The ``[model]`` line allows to change the model name of the each codec.
558 In the example above, it will be changed to model=auto.
559 Note that this overrides the module option.
561 After the ``[pincfg]`` line, the contents are parsed as the initial
562 default pin-configurations just like ``user_pin_configs`` sysfs above.
563 The values can be shown in user_pin_configs sysfs file, too.
565 Similarly, the lines after ``[verb]`` are parsed as ``init_verbs``
566 sysfs entries, and the lines after ``[hint]`` are parsed as ``hints``
567 sysfs entries, respectively.
569 Another example to override the codec vendor id from 0x12345678 to
570 0xdeadbeef is like below:
574 0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
580 In the similar way, you can override the codec subsystem_id via
581 ``[subsystem_id]``, the revision id via ``[revision_id]`` line.
582 Also, the codec chip name can be rewritten via ``[chip_name]`` line.
586 0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
598 The hd-audio driver reads the file via request_firmware(). Thus,
599 a patch file has to be located on the appropriate firmware path,
600 typically, /lib/firmware. For example, when you pass the option
601 ``patch=hda-init.fw``, the file /lib/firmware/hda-init.fw must be
604 The patch module option is specific to each card instance, and you
605 need to give one file name for each instance, separated by commas.
606 For example, if you have two cards, one for an on-board analog and one
607 for an HDMI video board, you may pass patch option like below:
610 options snd-hda-intel patch=on-board-patch,hdmi-patch
615 The power-saving is a kind of auto-suspend of the device. When the
616 device is inactive for a certain time, the device is automatically
617 turned off to save the power. The time to go down is specified via
618 ``power_save`` module option, and this option can be changed dynamically
621 The power-saving won't work when the analog loopback is enabled on
622 some codecs. Make sure that you mute all unneeded signal routes when
623 you want the power-saving.
625 The power-saving feature might cause audible click noises at each
626 power-down/up depending on the device. Some of them might be
627 solvable, but some are hard, I'm afraid. Some distros such as
628 openSUSE enables the power-saving feature automatically when the power
629 cable is unplugged. Thus, if you hear noises, suspect first the
630 power-saving. See /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to
631 check the current value. If it's non-zero, the feature is turned on.
633 The recent kernel supports the runtime PM for the HD-audio controller
634 chip, too. It means that the HD-audio controller is also powered up /
635 down dynamically. The feature is enabled only for certain controller
636 chips like Intel LynxPoint. You can enable/disable this feature
637 forcibly by setting ``power_save_controller`` option, which is also
638 available at /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters directory.
643 The hd-audio driver gives a few basic tracepoints.
644 ``hda:hda_send_cmd`` traces each CORB write while ``hda:hda_get_response``
645 traces the response from RIRB (only when read from the codec driver).
646 ``hda:hda_bus_reset`` traces the bus-reset due to fatal error, etc,
647 ``hda:hda_unsol_event`` traces the unsolicited events, and
648 ``hda:hda_power_down`` and ``hda:hda_power_up`` trace the power down/up
649 via power-saving behavior.
651 Enabling all tracepoints can be done like
654 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/hda/enable
656 then after some commands, you can traces from
657 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace file. For example, when you want to
658 trace what codec command is sent, enable the tracepoint like:
661 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
664 # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
666 <...>-7807 [002] 105147.774889: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a019
667 <...>-7807 [002] 105147.774893: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e39019
668 <...>-7807 [002] 105147.999542: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a01a
669 <...>-7807 [002] 105147.999543: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3901a
670 <...>-26764 [001] 349222.837143: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a019
671 <...>-26764 [001] 349222.837148: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e39019
672 <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058539: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a01a
673 <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058541: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3901a
675 Here ``[0:0]`` indicates the card number and the codec address, and
676 ``val`` shows the value sent to the codec, respectively. The value is
677 a packed value, and you can decode it via hda-decode-verb program
678 included in hda-emu package below. For example, the value e3a019 is
679 to set the left output-amp value to 25.
682 % hda-decode-verb 0xe3a019
683 raw value = 0x00e3a019
684 cid = 0, nid = 0x0e, verb = 0x3a0, parm = 0x19
685 raw value: verb = 0x3a0, parm = 0x19
686 verbname = set_amp_gain_mute
688 output, left, idx=0, mute=0, val=25
693 The latest development codes for HD-audio are found on sound git tree:
695 * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound.git
697 The master branch or for-next branches can be used as the main
698 development branches in general while the development for the current
699 and next kernels are found in for-linus and for-next branches,
705 If any model or module options don't work for your device, it's time
706 to send a bug report to the developers. Give the following in your
709 * Hardware vendor, product and model names
710 * Kernel version (and ALSA-driver version if you built externally)
711 * ``alsa-info.sh`` output; run with ``--no-upload`` option. See the
712 section below about alsa-info
714 If it's a regression, at best, send alsa-info outputs of both working
715 and non-working kernels. This is really helpful because we can
716 compare the codec registers directly.
718 Send a bug report either the following:
721 https://bugzilla.kernel.org/
723 alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
729 This section describes some tools available for debugging HD-audio
734 The script ``alsa-info.sh`` is a very useful tool to gather the audio
735 device information. It's included in alsa-utils package. The latest
736 version can be found on git repository:
738 * git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-utils.git
740 The script can be fetched directly from the following URL, too:
742 * https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
744 Run this script as root, and it will gather the important information
745 such as the module lists, module parameters, proc file contents
746 including the codec proc files, mixer outputs and the control
747 elements. As default, it will store the information onto a web server
748 on alsa-project.org. But, if you send a bug report, it'd be better to
749 run with ``--no-upload`` option, and attach the generated file.
751 There are some other useful options. See ``--help`` option output for
754 When a probe error occurs or when the driver obviously assigns a
755 mismatched model, it'd be helpful to load the driver with
756 ``probe_only=1`` option (at best after the cold reboot) and run
757 alsa-info at this state. With this option, the driver won't configure
758 the mixer and PCM but just tries to probe the codec slot. After
759 probing, the proc file is available, so you can get the raw codec
760 information before modified by the driver. Of course, the driver
761 isn't usable with ``probe_only=1``. But you can continue the
762 configuration via hwdep sysfs file if hda-reconfig option is enabled.
763 Using ``probe_only`` mask 2 skips the reset of HDA codecs (use
764 ``probe_only=3`` as module option). The hwdep interface can be used
765 to determine the BIOS codec initialization.
770 hda-verb is a tiny program that allows you to access the HD-audio
771 codec directly. You can execute a raw HD-audio codec verb with this.
772 This program accesses the hwdep device, thus you need to enable the
773 kernel config ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP=y`` beforehand.
775 The hda-verb program takes four arguments: the hwdep device file, the
776 widget NID, the verb and the parameter. When you access to the codec
777 on the slot 2 of the card 0, pass /dev/snd/hwC0D2 to the first
778 argument, typically. (However, the real path name depends on the
781 The second parameter is the widget number-id to access. The third
782 parameter can be either a hex/digit number or a string corresponding
783 to a verb. Similarly, the last parameter is the value to write, or
784 can be a string for the parameter type.
788 % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x12 0x701 2
789 nid = 0x12, verb = 0x701, param = 0x2
792 % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x0 PARAMETERS VENDOR_ID
793 nid = 0x0, verb = 0xf00, param = 0x0
796 % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 2 set_a 0xb080
797 nid = 0x2, verb = 0x300, param = 0xb080
801 Although you can issue any verbs with this program, the driver state
802 won't be always updated. For example, the volume values are usually
803 cached in the driver, and thus changing the widget amp value directly
804 via hda-verb won't change the mixer value.
806 The hda-verb program is included now in alsa-tools:
808 * git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git
810 Also, the old stand-alone package is found in the ftp directory:
812 * ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/tiwai/misc/
814 Also a git repository is available:
816 * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-verb.git
818 See README file in the tarball for more details about hda-verb
824 hda-analyzer provides a graphical interface to access the raw HD-audio
825 control, based on pyGTK2 binding. It's a more powerful version of
826 hda-verb. The program gives you an easy-to-use GUI stuff for showing
827 the widget information and adjusting the amp values, as well as the
828 proc-compatible output.
832 * https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=tree;f=hda-analyzer
834 is a part of alsa.git repository in alsa-project.org:
836 * git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa.git
840 Codecgraph is a utility program to generate a graph and visualizes the
841 codec-node connection of a codec chip. It's especially useful when
842 you analyze or debug a codec without a proper datasheet. The program
843 parses the given codec proc file and converts to SVG via graphiz
846 The tarball and GIT trees are found in the web page at:
848 * http://helllabs.org/codecgraph/
853 hda-emu is an HD-audio emulator. The main purpose of this program is
854 to debug an HD-audio codec without the real hardware. Thus, it
855 doesn't emulate the behavior with the real audio I/O, but it just
856 dumps the codec register changes and the ALSA-driver internal changes
857 at probing and operating the HD-audio driver.
859 The program requires a codec proc-file to simulate. Get a proc file
860 for the target codec beforehand, or pick up an example codec from the
861 codec proc collections in the tarball. Then, run the program with the
862 proc file, and the hda-emu program will start parsing the codec file
863 and simulates the HD-audio driver:
867 % hda-emu codecs/stac9200-dell-d820-laptop
869 hda_codec: Unknown model for STAC9200, using BIOS defaults
870 hda_codec: pin nid 08 bios pin config 40c003fa
874 The program gives you only a very dumb command-line interface. You
875 can get a proc-file dump at the current state, get a list of control
876 (mixer) elements, set/get the control element value, simulate the PCM
877 operation, the jack plugging simulation, etc.
879 The program is found in the git repository below:
881 * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-emu.git
883 See README file in the repository for more details about hda-emu
889 hda-jack-retask is a user-friendly GUI program to manipulate the
890 HD-audio pin control for jack retasking. If you have a problem about
891 the jack assignment, try this program and check whether you can get
892 useful results. Once when you figure out the proper pin assignment,
893 it can be fixed either in the driver code statically or via passing a
894 firmware patch file (see "Early Patching" section).
896 The program is included in alsa-tools now:
898 * git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git