1 ==============================================================
2 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver Configuration guide
3 ==============================================================
9 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
10 primary sound card support (``CONFIG_SOUND``). Since ALSA can emulate
11 OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
13 Enable "OSS API emulation" (``CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL``) and both OSS mixer
14 and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
16 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
17 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
18 (``CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER``).
20 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
21 and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
22 too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
24 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
25 (if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards
32 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
33 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
34 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
40 The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
41 It takes the following options which have global effects.
44 major number for sound driver;
47 limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8);
49 For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option
50 together with snd-card-X aliases.
52 Reserve the slot index for the given driver;
53 This option takes multiple strings.
54 See `Module Autoloading Support`_ section for details.
56 Specifies the debug message level;
57 (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
58 2 = verbose debug messages);
59 This option appears only when ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``.
60 This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
61 /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
66 The PCM OSS emulation module.
67 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
70 PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
73 PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device;
76 Don't block opening busy PCM devices;
79 For example, when ``dsp_map=2``, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
80 the card #0. Similarly, when ``adsp_map=0``, /dev/adsp will be mapped
81 to PCM #0 of the card #0.
82 For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
83 commas, such like ``dsp_map=0,1``.
85 ``nonblock_open`` option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
86 regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero,
87 opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
88 immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
93 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
94 similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
97 MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
100 MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device;
103 Common parameters for top sound card modules
104 --------------------------------------------
106 Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
109 index (slot #) of sound card;
110 Values: 0 through 31 or negative;
111 If nonnegative, assign that index number;
112 if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices;
113 the first free permitted index is assigned;
116 card ID (identifier or name);
117 Can be up to 15 characters long;
118 Default: the card type;
119 A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
120 containing information about the card;
121 This ID can be used instead of the index number in
125 Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
130 Module for AdLib FM cards.
135 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
136 the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
137 Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
140 Make sure you have ``sbiload`` from the alsa-tools package available and,
141 after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
142 number through ``sbiload -l``.
147 Port Client name Port name
148 64:0 OPL2 FM synth OPL2 FM Port
150 Load the ``std.sb`` and ``drums.sb`` patches also supplied by ``sbiload``:
153 sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
155 If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use ``std.o3`` and ``drums.o3``
156 instead. To have the card produce sound, use ``aplaymidi`` from alsa-utils:
159 aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
164 Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
167 Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
169 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
174 Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
177 port # for AD1848 chip
179 IRQ # for AD1848 chip
181 DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
183 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe
184 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
186 The power-management is supported.
191 Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
194 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
195 See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
197 This module supports multiple cards.
202 Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
205 Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
210 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
212 The power-management is supported.
217 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
219 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
221 The power-management is supported.
226 Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
228 This module supports multiple cards.
230 The power-management is supported.
235 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
238 port # for legacy joystick support;
239 0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
241 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
243 The power-management is supported.
248 Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
251 enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
253 This module supports multiple cards.
254 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
259 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
262 AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
264 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
265 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
267 Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec instead of probing.
268 If this works for you file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
269 (-2 = Force probing, -1 = Default behavior, 0-2 = Use the
272 S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
274 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
276 ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output. One is
277 over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output. The
278 implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
279 choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
281 The power-management is supported.
283 Module snd-atiixp-modem
284 -----------------------
286 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
288 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
290 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
293 The power-management is supported.
295 Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
296 -----------------------------------------
298 Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
301 Control PCI workarounds;
302 0 = Disable all workarounds,
303 1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff,
304 2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
305 Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge,
306 3 = Force both settings,
307 255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
309 This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
310 EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
311 Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
312 https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
313 SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
314 ``spdif`` pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
315 The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
318 Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
319 control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
320 another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
325 Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
329 port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
331 port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
333 IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
335 DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
337 DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
339 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
341 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
343 port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
345 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
346 ``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
347 The other values are optional.
349 ``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
350 or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
351 their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
352 be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
354 If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
355 full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
356 enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
358 Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
359 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
361 Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
362 legacy ISA in your BIOS.
367 Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
371 port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
373 port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
375 IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
377 DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
379 DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
381 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
383 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
385 port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
387 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
388 ``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
389 The other values are optional.
391 ``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
392 or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
393 their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
394 be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
396 If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
397 full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
398 enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
400 Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
401 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
403 Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
404 legacy ISA in your BIOS.
409 Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
411 This module supports multiple cards.
416 Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
418 This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
420 The power-management is supported.
425 Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
428 Enable joystick (default off)
430 This module supports multiple cards.
435 Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
438 Override the default digital rate (Hz)
440 Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
442 This module supports multiple cards.
444 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
450 Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
452 This module supports multiple cards.
458 Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
461 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
463 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
466 port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
468 IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
470 first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
472 port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
474 IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
476 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
478 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
480 (optional) OPL3 I/O port
482 (optional) MPU401 I/O port
484 (optional) MPU401 irq #
486 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
488 The power-management is supported.
493 Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
496 port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
497 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
498 1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
501 port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
503 1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
506 Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1)
508 Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
510 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
512 The power-management is supported.
517 Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
520 port # for CS4231 chip
522 port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
524 IRQ # for CS4231 chip
526 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
528 first DMA # for CS4231 chip
530 second DMA # for CS4231 chip
532 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
533 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
535 The power-management is supported.
540 Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
541 CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
544 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
546 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
549 port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
551 control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
553 port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
555 FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
557 IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
559 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
561 first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
563 second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
565 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
566 (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
567 specified!!! Other ports are optional.
569 The power-management is supported.
571 This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
572 snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
577 Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
580 Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
582 This module supports multiple cards.
584 The power-management is supported.
589 Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
590 CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
593 Force to enable external amplifier.
595 Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
597 Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
599 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
600 Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
601 from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options
604 The power-management is supported.
609 Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
611 Module snd-cs5535audio
612 ----------------------
614 Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
616 The power-management is supported.
621 Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
623 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
624 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
625 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
626 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
627 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
628 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
629 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
630 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
631 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
634 reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
636 multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
638 override the PCI SSID for probing;
639 the value consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.
640 The default is zero, which means no override.
642 This module supports multiple cards.
647 Module for Echoaudio Darla20
649 This module supports multiple cards.
650 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
655 Module for Echoaudio Darla24
657 This module supports multiple cards.
658 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
663 Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
666 This module supports multiple cards. This module is enabled only with
669 The power-management is supported.
674 Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
675 or input, but you may use this module for any application which
676 requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
679 Number of PCM devices assigned to each card (default = 1, up to 4)
681 Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM (default = 8, up to 128)
683 Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
685 Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
687 When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
688 behavior to each PCM device:
689 * 0 = interleaved with mmap support
690 * 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
691 * 2 = interleaved without mmap
692 * 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
694 As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
695 but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
696 buffer pages, in order to save the resources. If your apps need
697 the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
700 The power-management is supported.
705 Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
707 This module supports multiple cards.
708 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
713 Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
715 * Sound Blaster Live!
716 * Sound Blaster PCI 512
717 * Emu APS (partially supported)
718 * Sound Blaster Audigy
721 bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
723 bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
725 allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
727 limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
729 specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB
730 unit. Default value is 128.
734 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
736 Input & Output configurations [extin/extout]
737 * Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03]
738 * Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f]
739 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f]
740 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
741 * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
742 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
743 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
744 * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
745 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
746 * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
747 * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
748 * Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff]
750 The power-management is supported.
755 Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
757 This module supports multiple cards.
762 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
764 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
765 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
768 Enable joystick (default off)
770 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
772 The power-management is supported.
777 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
779 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
780 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
781 * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
784 port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable
785 (default), 1 = auto-detect
787 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
789 The power-management is supported.
794 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
797 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
799 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
801 IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
803 port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
805 with ``isapnp=0``, the following additional options are available:
808 port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
810 IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
812 DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
814 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
815 and PnP with the ES968 chip.
820 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
823 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
825 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
828 port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
830 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
832 port # for FM (optional, not used)
834 IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
836 first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
838 first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
840 This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
841 port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
842 When ``dma2`` is equal with ``dma1``, the driver works as half-duplex.
844 The power-management is supported.
849 Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
851 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
853 The power-management is supported.
858 Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
861 total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
863 playback channels (1-8, default=2)
865 capture channels (1-8, default=0)
867 clock (0 = auto-detection)
869 support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
871 enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
873 enable joystick (default off)
875 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
877 The power-management is supported.
882 Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
885 Enable TEA575x tuner;
886 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS,
887 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR,
888 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
889 High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1;
890 example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
892 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
894 The power-management is supported.
899 Module for Echoaudio Gina20
901 This module supports multiple cards.
902 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
907 Module for Echoaudio Gina24
909 This module supports multiple cards.
910 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
912 Module snd-gusclassic
913 ---------------------
915 Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
918 port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
920 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
922 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
924 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
926 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
928 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
932 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
934 Module snd-gusextreme
935 ---------------------
937 Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
940 port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
942 port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
944 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
946 IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
948 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
950 IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
952 DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
954 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
956 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
958 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
962 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
967 Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
970 port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
972 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
974 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
976 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
978 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
980 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
984 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
989 Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
990 PCH, SCH), ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
991 RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461
993 [Multiple options for each card instance]
999 -1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller hardware,
1000 0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work,
1002 2 = POSBUF: use position buffer,
1003 3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture,
1004 4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
1005 5 = SKL+: apply the delay calculation available on recent Intel chips
1006 6 = FIFO: correct the position with the fixed FIFO size, for recent AMD chips
1008 Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots);
1009 When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
1010 as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
1011 slots regardless what hardware reports back
1013 Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
1014 Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
1016 Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
1017 Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
1018 value based on the controller chip.
1020 Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio setup
1021 before initializing the codecs.
1022 This option is available only when ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y``
1023 is set. See hd-audio/notes.rst for details.
1025 Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on);
1026 default value is set via ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE`` kconfig.
1028 [Single (global) options]
1031 Use single immediate commands to communicate with codecs
1032 (for debugging only)
1034 Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
1036 Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 = disable)
1037 power_save_controller
1038 Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode (default = on)
1040 Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples of 128 bytes.
1041 This is more efficient in terms of memory access but isn't
1042 required by the HDA spec and prevents users from specifying
1043 exact period/buffer sizes. (default = on)
1045 Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
1047 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1049 See hd-audio/notes.rst for more details about HD-audio driver.
1051 Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
1052 If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
1053 configuration is set up. You can pass ``model=<name>`` option to
1054 specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
1055 models depending on the codec chip. The list of available models
1056 is found in hd-audio/models.rst.
1058 The model name ``generic`` is treated as a special case. When this
1059 model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
1060 "codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
1062 The model option can be used also for aliasing to another PCI or codec
1063 SSID. When it's passed in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY`` where XXXX
1064 and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex numbers,
1065 respectively, the driver will refer to that SSID as a reference to the
1068 If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
1069 matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
1070 output (with ``--no-upload`` option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
1071 ML (see the section `Links and Addresses`_).
1073 ``power_save`` and ``power_save_controller`` options are for power-saving
1074 mode. See powersave.rst for details.
1076 Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
1077 ``position_fix=1`` or ``2``. ``position_fix=1`` will use the SD_LPIB
1078 register value without FIFO size correction as the current
1079 DMA pointer. ``position_fix=2`` will make the driver to use
1080 the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
1081 (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
1084 ``position_fix=3`` is specific to VIA devices. The position
1085 of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
1086 values. ``position_fix=4`` is a combination mode, using LPIB
1087 for playback and POSBUF for capture.
1089 NB: If you get many ``azx_get_response timeout`` messages at
1090 loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
1091 routing). Try to boot with options like ``pci=noacpi``. Also, you
1092 can try ``single_cmd=1`` module option. This will switch the
1093 communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
1094 single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
1095 single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
1096 unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
1097 from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
1098 avoided as much as possible...
1100 MORE NOTES ON ``azx_get_response timeout`` PROBLEMS:
1101 On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
1102 to avoid the ``azx_get_response timeout`` problem above, instead.
1103 This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
1104 (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
1105 bus. You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
1106 ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE``, or simply from the file name of the codec
1107 proc files. Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
1108 For example, ``probe_mask=1`` means to probe only the first slot, and
1109 ``probe_mask=4`` means only the third slot.
1111 The power-management is supported.
1116 Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
1118 This module supports multiple cards.
1120 Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
1121 when ``CONFIG_FW_LOADER`` is set. Otherwise, you need to load
1122 the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
1124 The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
1126 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1127 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
1128 when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer
1129 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1130 stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1136 Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
1139 Enable precise pointer, or disable.
1141 Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
1143 Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
1145 See hdspm.rst for details.
1150 Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
1152 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
1153 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
1154 * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
1155 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
1156 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
1157 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
1158 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
1161 * TerraTec EWX 24/96
1162 * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
1164 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
1165 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
1166 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
1167 * Event Electronics, EZ8
1169 * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
1173 Use the given board model, one of the following:
1174 delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
1175 delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
1176 dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
1177 phase88, mediastation
1179 Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
1181 reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver) in msec
1182 resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
1184 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1185 Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for
1186 example in the MidiMan Delta siree).
1188 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1189 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
1190 model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1191 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1197 Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
1199 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
1200 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
1201 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
1203 * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
1204 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
1205 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
1208 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
1209 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
1210 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
1211 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
1212 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
1213 * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
1215 * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
1216 * Chaintech ZNF3-150
1217 * Chaintech ZNF3-250
1225 * Hercules Fortissimo IV
1226 * EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
1229 Use the given board model, one of the following:
1230 revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1231 prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
1232 juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
1233 phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
1234 fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
1236 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1238 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1239 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
1240 model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1241 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1247 Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1249 This module supports multiple cards.
1250 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1255 Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1257 This module supports multiple cards.
1258 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1263 Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1265 This module supports multiple cards.
1266 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1271 Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1273 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7,
1275 * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1276 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1277 * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1281 AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1283 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
1284 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
1286 Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards
1287 (default yes on nForce chips, otherwise off)
1289 Enable workaround for hardware with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some
1290 ASUS laptops) (default off)
1292 Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection from the
1293 controller chip (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1295 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1297 Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1298 if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1299 explicitly via the module option ``ac97_clock=41194``.
1301 Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your
1302 motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1303 modules, respectively.
1305 The power-management is supported.
1307 Module snd-intel8x0m
1308 --------------------
1310 Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1312 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1313 * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1314 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1319 AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1321 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1323 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1326 The power-management is supported.
1328 Module snd-interwave
1329 --------------------
1331 Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1332 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1335 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1337 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1339 reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1341 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1343 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1345 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1348 port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1350 IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1352 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1354 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1356 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1358 Module snd-interwave-stb
1359 ------------------------
1361 Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1362 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1363 circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1366 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1368 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1370 reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1372 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1374 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1376 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1379 port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1381 tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1383 IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1385 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1387 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1389 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1394 Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1395 MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1398 port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1400 IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1402 DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1404 DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1406 MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1408 MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1410 This module supports multiple cards.
1415 Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1417 This module supports multiple cards.
1422 Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1424 This module supports multiple cards.
1425 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1430 Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1432 This module supports multiple cards.
1433 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1438 Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
1440 This module supports multiple cards.
1445 Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1447 This module supports multiple cards.
1452 Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1455 enable external amp (enabled by default)
1457 GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8
1458 for allegro, 1 for others)
1460 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1462 Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1463 If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1464 specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1465 For example, a Panasonic notebook might need ``amp_gpio=0x0d``
1468 The power-management is supported.
1473 Module for Echoaudio Mia
1475 This module supports multiple cards.
1476 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1481 Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, miroSOUND PCM 12,
1482 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1485 Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1493 MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1495 MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1501 enable onboard ide support
1506 Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1508 This module supports multiple cards.
1509 Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1510 See Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst for details.
1512 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1513 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1514 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1515 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1516 firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1521 Module for Echoaudio Mona
1523 This module supports multiple cards.
1524 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1529 Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1532 port number or -1 (disable)
1534 IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1536 PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1538 This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1540 Module snd-msnd-classic
1541 -----------------------
1543 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1547 Port # for msnd-classic card
1549 IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1551 Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1553 enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1555 calibrate signal (default = 0)
1557 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1559 Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1561 Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1577 The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/msndinit.bin`` and
1578 ``turtlebeach/msndperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
1580 See Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh for important information
1581 about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the
1582 Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1584 https://www.turtlebeach.com
1586 Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1587 ------------------------
1589 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1592 Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1594 IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1596 Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1598 enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1600 calibrate signal (default = 0)
1602 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1604 The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/pndspini.bin`` and
1605 ``turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
1610 Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1614 I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1616 IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1618 number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1620 Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option.
1625 Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1627 This module supports multiple devices.
1628 Requires parport (``CONFIG_PARPORT``).
1633 Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1636 max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1638 max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1640 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1642 specify buffer top address
1644 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1646 alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1648 enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1650 enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some other laptops
1652 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1654 The power-management is supported.
1656 Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1657 automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1658 In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1659 the buffer_top option.
1661 Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1662 Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1663 The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force
1664 to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a
1665 case, use ``force_ac97=1`` option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1668 Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1669 codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1670 with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1671 even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try
1672 other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP
1673 but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to specify ``isapnp=0``
1674 and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1676 Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the
1677 known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1678 workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a
1679 hard freeze, you can try ``reset_workaround=1`` option.
1681 Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1682 AC97 RESET. On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1683 turned on as default. This option is worth to try if the
1684 previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1686 Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the
1687 OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1688 The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1689 X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load
1690 the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that
1691 you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1697 Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1700 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1702 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1705 control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1707 SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1709 WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1711 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1713 FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1715 IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1717 first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1719 second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1721 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP. It does not support
1722 autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1724 The power-management is supported.
1726 Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1727 -------------------------
1729 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1730 Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1733 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1735 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1738 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1740 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1742 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1744 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1746 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1748 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1750 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1752 Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1753 -------------------------
1755 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1758 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1760 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1763 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1765 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1767 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1769 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1771 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1773 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1775 second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1777 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1782 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1785 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1787 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1790 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1792 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1794 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1796 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1798 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1800 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1802 second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1804 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1809 Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
1813 * AuzenTech X-Meridian
1814 * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
1816 * Club3D Theatron DTS
1817 * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1818 * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1819 * Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
1820 * Razer Barracuda AC-1
1822 * TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
1823 * TempoTec HiFier Serenade
1825 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1830 Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1833 Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1835 enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1837 This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1838 even a few mixer controls.
1843 Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1845 This module supports multiple cards.
1847 Module snd-portman2x4
1848 ---------------------
1850 Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1852 This module supports multiple cards.
1854 Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1855 ---------------------------------
1857 Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1860 enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1862 Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1864 Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
1866 The power-management is supported.
1868 Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1869 ------------------------------------
1871 Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1873 For ARM architecture only.
1875 The power-management is supported.
1880 Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1883 Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1885 MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1887 OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1889 This module supports multiple cards.
1890 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1891 You need to install the firmware file ``riptide.hex`` to the standard
1892 firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1897 Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1898 Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1900 This module supports multiple cards.
1905 Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1907 This module supports multiple cards.
1912 Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1915 Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0)
1917 This module supports multiple cards.
1919 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1920 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
1921 when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer
1922 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1923 stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1926 Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1927 ---------------------------------------
1929 Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1931 Module supports only one card.
1932 Module has no enable and index options.
1934 The power-management is supported.
1939 Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0,
1943 port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1945 IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1947 DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1949 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1951 The power-management is supported.
1953 Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1954 -----------------------------
1956 Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1957 SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1960 Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1962 ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1964 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1966 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1969 port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1971 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1973 base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe
1976 IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1978 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1980 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1982 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1984 Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1985 disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1986 Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1987 half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1990 The power-management is supported.
1995 Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600 and
1999 Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
2001 MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
2005 MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
2009 Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2011 This module supports multiple cards.
2013 This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
2018 Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
2023 WSS Port # (PnP setup)
2027 MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
2031 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
2033 Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2035 This module supports multiple cards.
2037 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
2039 Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
2040 --------------------------------------
2042 Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2044 This module supports multiple cards.
2046 Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
2047 -------------------------------------
2049 Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2051 This module supports multiple cards.
2053 Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
2054 -----------------------------------
2056 Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
2058 This module supports multiple cards.
2060 Module snd-wavefront
2061 --------------------
2063 Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
2066 Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
2067 (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
2069 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
2071 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
2074 Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2076 IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
2078 Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
2080 IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
2088 DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2090 DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2092 The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
2095 Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no);
2096 If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
2097 ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
2099 Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes);
2100 If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
2101 when the driver is loaded. The default is to download the
2102 microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
2103 "default" operation, whatever that means.
2105 Debug parameters for card initialization
2107 How long to wait without sleeping, usecs (default:150);
2108 This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
2109 based on my limited experimentation.
2110 If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
2111 my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
2112 to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
2113 without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
2115 Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
2116 waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
2118 How long to sleep when waiting for reply (default: 100)
2120 How many times to try sleeping during a wait (default: 50)
2122 Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware (default:wavefront.os);
2123 The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware. In the recent
2124 version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
2125 must be installed in the proper path, typically,
2128 How long to wait for a reset to take effect (default:2)
2130 How many seconds to wait for the RAM test (default:20)
2132 How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS (default:10)
2134 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
2136 Note: the firmware file ``wavefront.os`` was located in the earlier
2137 version in /etc. Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
2138 must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
2139 Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
2140 regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
2142 Module snd-sonicvibes
2143 ---------------------
2145 Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
2146 * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
2149 Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default);
2150 SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
2152 Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
2154 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2156 Module snd-serial-u16550
2157 ------------------------
2159 Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
2162 port # for UART16550A chip
2164 IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
2166 speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
2169 base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
2172 number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
2176 0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
2177 3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
2179 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
2180 thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
2185 Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
2186 * Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
2188 * Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
2191 * CHIC True Sound 4Dwave
2192 * Shark Predator4D-PCI
2193 * Jaton SonicWave 4D
2194 * SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
2195 * Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
2198 max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
2200 max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
2202 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2204 The power-management is supported.
2209 Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
2211 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2213 Module snd-usb-audio
2214 --------------------
2216 Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
2219 Vendor ID for the device (optional)
2221 Product ID for the device (optional)
2223 Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
2225 Device specific magic number (optional);
2226 Influence depends on the device
2229 Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer interface (default: no)
2231 Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes)
2233 Quirk alias list, pass strings like ``0123abcd:5678beef``, which
2234 applies the existing quirk for the device 5678:beef to a new
2237 Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode. When this is set
2238 and the playback stream sync mode is ASYNC, the driver tries to
2239 tie an adjacent ASYNC capture stream as the implicit feedback
2240 source. This is equivalent with quirk_flags bit 17.
2242 Use vmalloc() for allocations of the PCM buffers (default: yes).
2243 For architectures with non-coherent memory like ARM or MIPS, the
2244 mmap access may give inconsistent results with vmalloc'ed
2245 buffers. If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
2246 option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
2249 The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
2250 defined in multiple USB interfaces. The driver may invoke
2251 registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
2252 lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
2253 This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
2254 ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
2255 registration to the given device. In this example, when a USB
2256 device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
2257 until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
2258 The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
2259 assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
2262 Contains the bit flags for various device specific workarounds.
2263 Applied to the corresponding card index.
2265 * bit 0: Skip reading sample rate for devices
2266 * bit 1: Create Media Controller API entries
2267 * bit 2: Allow alignment on audio sub-slot at transfer
2268 * bit 3: Add length specifier to transfers
2269 * bit 4: Start playback stream at first in implement feedback mode
2270 * bit 5: Skip clock selector setup
2271 * bit 6: Ignore errors from clock source search
2272 * bit 7: Indicates ITF-USB DSD based DACs
2273 * bit 8: Add a delay of 20ms at each control message handling
2274 * bit 9: Add a delay of 1-2ms at each control message handling
2275 * bit 10: Add a delay of 5-6ms at each control message handling
2276 * bit 11: Add a delay of 50ms at each interface setup
2277 * bit 12: Perform sample rate validations at probe
2278 * bit 13: Disable runtime PM autosuspend
2279 * bit 14: Ignore errors for mixer access
2280 * bit 15: Support generic DSD raw U32_BE format
2281 * bit 16: Set up the interface at first like UAC1
2282 * bit 17: Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode
2283 * bit 18: Don't apply implicit feedback sync mode
2285 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2287 NB: ``nrpacks`` parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
2288 Don't put the value over 20. Changing via sysfs has no sanity
2291 NB: ``ignore_ctl_error=1`` may help when you get an error at accessing
2292 the mixer element such as URB error -22. This happens on some
2293 buggy USB device or the controller. This workaround corresponds to
2294 the ``quirk_flags`` bit 14, too.
2296 NB: ``quirk_alias`` option is provided only for testing / development.
2297 If you want to have a proper support, contact to upstream for
2298 adding the matching quirk in the driver code statically.
2299 Ditto for ``quirk_flags``. If a device is known to require specific
2300 workarounds, please report to the upstream.
2302 Module snd-usb-caiaq
2303 --------------------
2305 Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
2307 * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
2308 * Native Instruments Kore Controller
2309 * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
2310 * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
2312 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2314 Module snd-usb-usx2y
2315 --------------------
2317 Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
2319 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2321 Note: you need to load the firmware via ``usx2yloader`` utility included
2322 in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
2327 Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A,
2328 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
2331 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
2334 Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
2336 AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2338 support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
2339 3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different
2340 sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
2342 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
2343 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
2345 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
2347 Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
2348 not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to
2349 set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
2350 default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be
2351 assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
2353 Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
2354 channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4
2355 streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
2356 can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
2358 As default (``dxs_support = 0``), 48k fixed rate is chosen
2359 except for the known devices since the output is often
2360 noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
2362 Please try once ``dxs_support=5`` and if it works on other
2363 sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
2364 know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
2366 If ``dxs_support=5`` does not work, try ``dxs_support=4``; if it
2367 doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1. (dxs_support=1 is
2368 usually for old motherboards. The correct implemented
2369 board should work with 4 or 5.) If it still doesn't
2370 work and the default setting is ok, ``dxs_support=3`` is the
2371 right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all,
2372 try ``dxs_support=2`` to disable the DXS channels.
2373 In any cases, please let us know the result and the
2374 subsystem vendor/device ids. See `Links and Addresses`_
2377 Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
2378 additionally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
2380 The power-management is supported.
2382 Module snd-via82xx-modem
2383 ------------------------
2385 Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
2388 AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2390 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
2392 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
2395 The power-management is supported.
2400 Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
2401 This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
2402 to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
2405 MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
2407 This module supports multiple cards.
2412 Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
2413 i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST (Deluxe),
2414 Essence STX (II), HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
2416 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
2421 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
2424 Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
2426 Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2428 This module supports multiple cards.
2430 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2431 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2432 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2433 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2434 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke
2435 vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2439 install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222\
2440 && /usr/bin/vxloader
2442 (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add ``post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`` to
2443 /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
2444 IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size
2445 gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
2446 The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest
2447 size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in
2448 /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
2450 The power-management is supported.
2455 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
2458 Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2460 This module supports multiple cards. The module is compiled only when
2461 PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
2463 With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
2464 manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the
2465 sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. 2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
2466 longer require a config file.
2468 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2469 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2470 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2471 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2472 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2474 About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2476 Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2479 The power-management is supported.
2484 Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2487 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2488 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2490 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2491 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2493 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2496 enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2498 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2500 The power-management is supported.
2502 Module snd-pdaudiocf
2503 --------------------
2505 Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2507 The power-management is supported.
2513 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2514 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2515 snd-intel8x0. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2516 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2517 specifications from version to version :-)
2519 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2520 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass
2521 the proper value with this option.
2523 The following strings are accepted:
2526 Don't override the default setting
2530 Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2532 Swap headphone and master controls
2534 Swap master and surround controls
2536 For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2538 For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2540 Inverted EAPD implementation
2542 Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2544 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ...
2547 For example, if ``Master`` volume control has no effect on your device
2548 but only ``Headphone`` does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2551 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2552 ============================
2554 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2555 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options ``isapnp``.
2556 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2557 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass ``isapnp=0`` option
2558 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2560 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2561 will be not built in.
2564 Module Autoloading Support
2565 ==========================
2567 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2568 module aliases. The string ``snd-card-%1`` is requested for ALSA native
2569 devices where ``%i`` is sound card number from zero to seven.
2571 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2572 ``sound-slot-%i`` where ``%i`` means the slot number for OSS, which
2573 corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this
2574 as the same card module.
2576 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2579 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2580 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2581 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2582 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2584 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2585 option ``cards_limit`` of snd module. As default it's set to 1.
2586 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2587 sound cards in that option.
2589 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2590 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2591 cards is kept consistent.
2593 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2596 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2598 options snd cards_limit=2
2599 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2600 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2601 options snd-interwave index=0
2602 options snd-ens1371 index=1
2604 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2605 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2606 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2608 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2609 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2611 Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2612 ``slots`` option of snd module. In the case above, specify like the
2616 options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2618 Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2619 the second (#1) for snd-ens1371. You can omit index option in each
2620 driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2621 the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2623 The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2624 hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict. For example, in the
2625 case above again, the first two slots are already reserved. If any
2626 other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2627 snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2629 When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2630 modules but that name. For example, ``slots=!snd-pcsp`` will reserve
2631 the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
2634 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2635 =======================================
2638 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2639 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3
2640 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12
2641 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20
2642 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19
2643 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28
2644 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36
2645 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39
2646 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44
2648 The first number from ``/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`` expression means
2649 sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices
2650 have either ``c`` or ``p`` suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2651 playback, respectively.
2653 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2654 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2657 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2658 ==============================
2660 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2661 -------------------------------
2663 erase all additional information about OSS applications
2665 <app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]
2667 name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2669 number of fragments or zero if auto
2671 size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2676 the application tries to open a pcm device for
2677 this channel but does not want to use it.
2678 (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2679 It's good for Quake etc...
2683 force block mode (rvplayer)
2685 force non-block mode
2687 write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2690 do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2692 Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2693 instead of filled blocks
2698 echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2699 echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2700 echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2703 Early Buffer Allocation
2704 =======================
2706 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2707 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2708 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation. You can pre-allocate the
2709 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2710 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2711 ``/etc/init.d/*.local`` scripts.
2713 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2714 usage of page allocation. In writing, you can send the following
2715 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2717 * add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2719 VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs. They take
2720 integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2721 MASK is the PCI DMA mask. Pass 0 if not restricted.
2722 SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate. You can pass
2723 k and m suffix for KB and MB. The max number is 16MB.
2724 BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate. It must be greater
2725 than 0. The max number is 4.
2729 This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2736 ALSA project homepage
2737 http://www.alsa-project.org
2739 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2741 mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2743 https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh