5 The key request service is part of the key retention service (refer to
6 Documentation/security/keys/core.rst). This document explains more fully how
7 the requesting algorithm works.
9 The process starts by either the kernel requesting a service by calling
12 struct key *request_key(const struct key_type *type,
13 const char *description,
14 const char *callout_info);
18 struct key *request_key_tag(const struct key_type *type,
19 const char *description,
20 const struct key_tag *domain_tag,
21 const char *callout_info);
25 struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(const struct key_type *type,
26 const char *description,
27 const struct key_tag *domain_tag,
28 const char *callout_info,
34 struct key *request_key_rcu(const struct key_type *type,
35 const char *description,
36 const struct key_tag *domain_tag);
38 Or by userspace invoking the request_key system call::
40 key_serial_t request_key(const char *type,
41 const char *description,
42 const char *callout_info,
43 key_serial_t dest_keyring);
45 The main difference between the access points is that the in-kernel interface
46 does not need to link the key to a keyring to prevent it from being immediately
47 destroyed. The kernel interface returns a pointer directly to the key, and
48 it's up to the caller to destroy the key.
50 The request_key_tag() call is like the in-kernel request_key(), except that it
51 also takes a domain tag that allows keys to be separated by namespace and
52 killed off as a group.
54 The request_key_with_auxdata() calls is like the request_key_tag() call, except
55 that they permit auxiliary data to be passed to the upcaller (the default is
56 NULL). This is only useful for those key types that define their own upcall
57 mechanism rather than using /sbin/request-key.
59 The request_key_rcu() call is like the request_key_tag() call, except that it
60 doesn't check for keys that are under construction and doesn't attempt to
61 construct missing keys.
63 The userspace interface links the key to a keyring associated with the process
64 to prevent the key from going away, and returns the serial number of the key to
68 The following example assumes that the key types involved don't define their
69 own upcall mechanisms. If they do, then those should be substituted for the
70 forking and execution of /sbin/request-key.
76 A request proceeds in the following manner:
78 1) Process A calls request_key() [the userspace syscall calls the kernel
81 2) request_key() searches the process's subscribed keyrings to see if there's
82 a suitable key there. If there is, it returns the key. If there isn't,
83 and callout_info is not set, an error is returned. Otherwise the process
84 proceeds to the next step.
86 3) request_key() sees that A doesn't have the desired key yet, so it creates
89 a) An uninstantiated key U of requested type and description.
91 b) An authorisation key V that refers to key U and notes that process A
92 is the context in which key U should be instantiated and secured, and
93 from which associated key requests may be satisfied.
95 4) request_key() then forks and executes /sbin/request-key with a new session
96 keyring that contains a link to auth key V.
98 5) /sbin/request-key assumes the authority associated with key U.
100 6) /sbin/request-key execs an appropriate program to perform the actual
103 7) The program may want to access another key from A's context (say a
104 Kerberos TGT key). It just requests the appropriate key, and the keyring
105 search notes that the session keyring has auth key V in its bottom level.
107 This will permit it to then search the keyrings of process A with the
108 UID, GID, groups and security info of process A as if it was process A,
109 and come up with key W.
111 8) The program then does what it must to get the data with which to
112 instantiate key U, using key W as a reference (perhaps it contacts a
113 Kerberos server using the TGT) and then instantiates key U.
115 9) Upon instantiating key U, auth key V is automatically revoked so that it
116 may not be used again.
118 10) The program then exits 0 and request_key() deletes key V and returns key
121 This also extends further. If key W (step 7 above) didn't exist, key W would
122 be created uninstantiated, another auth key (X) would be created (as per step
123 3) and another copy of /sbin/request-key spawned (as per step 4); but the
124 context specified by auth key X will still be process A, as it was in auth key
127 This is because process A's keyrings can't simply be attached to
128 /sbin/request-key at the appropriate places because (a) execve will discard two
129 of them, and (b) it requires the same UID/GID/Groups all the way through.
132 Negative Instantiation And Rejection
133 ====================================
135 Rather than instantiating a key, it is possible for the possessor of an
136 authorisation key to negatively instantiate a key that's under construction.
137 This is a short duration placeholder that causes any attempt at re-requesting
138 the key while it exists to fail with error ENOKEY if negated or the specified
141 This is provided to prevent excessive repeated spawning of /sbin/request-key
142 processes for a key that will never be obtainable.
144 Should the /sbin/request-key process exit anything other than 0 or die on a
145 signal, the key under construction will be automatically negatively
146 instantiated for a short amount of time.
152 A search of any particular keyring proceeds in the following fashion:
154 1) When the key management code searches for a key (keyring_search_rcu) it
155 firstly calls key_permission(SEARCH) on the keyring it's starting with,
156 if this denies permission, it doesn't search further.
158 2) It considers all the non-keyring keys within that keyring and, if any key
159 matches the criteria specified, calls key_permission(SEARCH) on it to see
160 if the key is allowed to be found. If it is, that key is returned; if
161 not, the search continues, and the error code is retained if of higher
162 priority than the one currently set.
164 3) It then considers all the keyring-type keys in the keyring it's currently
165 searching. It calls key_permission(SEARCH) on each keyring, and if this
166 grants permission, it recurses, executing steps (2) and (3) on that
169 The process stops immediately a valid key is found with permission granted to
170 use it. Any error from a previous match attempt is discarded and the key is
173 When request_key() is invoked, if CONFIG_KEYS_REQUEST_CACHE=y, a per-task
174 one-key cache is first checked for a match.
176 When search_process_keyrings() is invoked, it performs the following searches
179 1) If extant, the process's thread keyring is searched.
181 2) If extant, the process's process keyring is searched.
183 3) The process's session keyring is searched.
185 4) If the process has assumed the authority associated with a request_key()
186 authorisation key then:
188 a) If extant, the calling process's thread keyring is searched.
190 b) If extant, the calling process's process keyring is searched.
192 c) The calling process's session keyring is searched.
194 The moment one succeeds, all pending errors are discarded and the found key is
195 returned. If CONFIG_KEYS_REQUEST_CACHE=y, then that key is placed in the
196 per-task cache, displacing the previous key. The cache is cleared on exit or
197 just prior to resumption of userspace.
199 Only if all these fail does the whole thing fail with the highest priority
200 error. Note that several errors may have come from LSM.
202 The error priority is::
204 EKEYREVOKED > EKEYEXPIRED > ENOKEY
206 EACCES/EPERM are only returned on a direct search of a specific keyring where
207 the basal keyring does not grant Search permission.