1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ========================================
4 README for the SCSI media changer driver
5 ========================================
7 This is a driver for SCSI Medium Changer devices, which are listed
8 with "Type: Medium Changer" in /proc/scsi/scsi.
10 This is for *real* Jukeboxes. It is *not* supported to work with
11 common small CD-ROM changers, neither one-lun-per-slot SCSI changers
14 Userland tools available from here:
15 http://linux.bytesex.org/misc/changer.html
21 First some words about how changers work: A changer has 2 (possibly
22 more) SCSI ID's. One for the changer device which controls the robot,
23 and one for the device which actually reads and writes the data. The
24 later may be anything, a MOD, a CD-ROM, a tape or whatever. For the
25 changer device this is a "don't care", he *only* shuffles around the
29 The SCSI changer model is complex, compared to - for example - IDE-CD
30 changers. But it allows to handle nearly all possible cases. It knows
31 4 different types of changer elements:
33 =============== ==================================================
34 media transport this one shuffles around the media, i.e. the
35 transport arm. Also known as "picker".
36 storage a slot which can hold a media.
37 import/export the same as above, but is accessible from outside,
38 i.e. there the operator (you !) can use this to
39 fill in and remove media from the changer.
40 Sometimes named "mailslot".
41 data transfer this is the device which reads/writes, i.e. the
42 CD-ROM / Tape / whatever drive.
43 =============== ==================================================
45 None of these is limited to one: A huge Jukebox could have slots for
46 123 CD-ROM's, 5 CD-ROM readers (and therefore 6 SCSI ID's: the changer
47 and each CD-ROM) and 2 transport arms. No problem to handle.
53 I implemented the driver as character device driver with a NetBSD-like
54 ioctl interface. Just grabbed NetBSD's header file and one of the
55 other linux SCSI device drivers as starting point. The interface
56 should be source code compatible with NetBSD. So if there is any
57 software (anybody knows ???) which supports a BSDish changer driver,
58 it should work with this driver too.
60 Over time a few more ioctls where added, volume tag support for example
61 wasn't covered by the NetBSD ioctl API.
67 Support for more than one transport arm is not implemented yet (and
68 nobody asked for it so far...).
70 I test and use the driver myself with a 35 slot cdrom jukebox from
71 Grundig. I got some reports telling it works ok with tape autoloaders
72 (Exabyte, HP and DEC). Some People use this driver with amanda. It
73 works fine with small (11 slots) and a huge (4 MOs, 88 slots)
74 magneto-optical Jukebox. Probably with lots of other changers too, most
75 (but not all :-) people mail me only if it does *not* work...
77 I don't have any device lists, neither black-list nor white-list. Thus
78 it is quite useless to ask me whenever a specific device is supported or
79 not. In theory every changer device which supports the SCSI-2 media
80 changer command set should work out-of-the-box with this driver. If it
81 doesn't, it is a bug. Either within the driver or within the firmware
82 of the changer device.
88 This is a character device with major number is 86, so use
89 "mknod /dev/sch0 c 86 0" to create the special file for the driver.
91 If the module finds the changer, it prints some messages about the
92 device [ try "dmesg" if you don't see anything ] and should show up in
93 /proc/devices. If not.... some changers use ID ? / LUN 0 for the
94 device and ID ? / LUN 1 for the robot mechanism. But Linux does *not*
95 look for LUNs other than 0 as default, because there are too many
96 broken devices. So you can try:
98 1) echo "scsi add-single-device 0 0 ID 1" > /proc/scsi/scsi
99 (replace ID with the SCSI-ID of the device)
100 2) boot the kernel with "max_scsi_luns=1" on the command line
101 (append="max_scsi_luns=1" in lilo.conf should do the trick)
107 If you insmod the driver with "insmod debug=1", it will be verbose and
108 prints a lot of stuff to the syslog. Compiling the kernel with
109 CONFIG_SCSI_CONSTANTS=y improves the quality of the error messages a lot
110 because the kernel will translate the error codes into human-readable
113 You can display these messages with the dmesg command (or check the
114 logfiles). If you email me some question because of a problem with the
115 driver, please include these messages.
122 Enable debug messages (see above, default: 0).
125 Be verbose (default: 1).
128 Send INITIALIZE ELEMENT STATUS command to the changer
129 at insmod time (default: 1).
131 timeout_init=<seconds>
132 timeout for the INITIALIZE ELEMENT STATUS command
135 timeout_move=<seconds>
136 timeout for all other commands (default: 120).
138 dt_id=<id1>,<id2>,... / dt_lun=<lun1>,<lun2>,...
139 These two allow to specify the SCSI ID and LUN for the data
140 transfer elements. You likely don't need this as the jukebox
141 should provide this information. But some devices don't ...
143 vendor_firsts=, vendor_counts=, vendor_labels=
144 These insmod options can be used to tell the driver that there
145 are some vendor-specific element types. Grundig for example
146 does this. Some jukeboxes have a printer to label fresh burned
147 CDs, which is addressed as element 0xc000 (type 5). To tell the
148 driver about this vendor-specific element, use this::
151 vendor_firsts=0xc000 \
153 vendor_labels=printer
155 All three insmod options accept up to four comma-separated
156 values, this way you can configure the element types 5-8.
157 You likely need the SCSI specs for the device in question to
158 find the correct values as they are not covered by the SCSI-2
165 I wrote this driver using the famous mailing-patches-around-the-world
166 method. With (more or less) help from:
168 - Daniel Moehwald <moehwald@hdg.de>
169 - Dane Jasper <dane@sonic.net>
170 - R. Scott Bailey <sbailey@dsddi.eds.com>
171 - Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
175 - Martin Kuehne <martin.kuehne@bnbt.de>
177 for a old, second-hand (but full functional) cdrom jukebox which I use
178 to develop/test driver and tools now.
184 Gerd Knorr <kraxel@bytesex.org>