1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =========================================
4 Vector Extension Support for RISC-V Linux
5 =========================================
7 This document briefly outlines the interface provided to userspace by Linux in
8 order to support the use of the RISC-V Vector Extension.
13 Two new prctl() calls are added to allow programs to manage the enablement
14 status for the use of Vector in userspace. The intended usage guideline for
15 these interfaces is to give init systems a way to modify the availability of V
16 for processes running under its domain. Calling these interfaces is not
17 recommended in libraries routines because libraries should not override policies
18 configured from the parant process. Also, users must noted that these interfaces
19 are not portable to non-Linux, nor non-RISC-V environments, so it is discourage
20 to use in a portable code. To get the availability of V in an ELF program,
21 please read :c:macro:`COMPAT_HWCAP_ISA_V` bit of :c:macro:`ELF_HWCAP` in the
24 * prctl(PR_RISCV_V_SET_CONTROL, unsigned long arg)
26 Sets the Vector enablement status of the calling thread, where the control
27 argument consists of two 2-bit enablement statuses and a bit for inheritance
28 mode. Other threads of the calling process are unaffected.
30 Enablement status is a tri-state value each occupying 2-bit of space in
33 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_DEFAULT`: Use the system-wide default
34 enablement status on execve(). The system-wide default setting can be
35 controlled via sysctl interface (see sysctl section below).
37 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_ON`: Allow Vector to be run for the
40 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_OFF`: Disallow Vector. Executing Vector
41 instructions under such condition will trap and casuse the termination of the thread.
43 arg: The control argument is a 5-bit value consisting of 3 parts, and
44 accessed by 3 masks respectively.
46 The 3 masks, PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_CUR_MASK,
47 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK, and PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_INHERIT
48 represents bit[1:0], bit[3:2], and bit[4]. bit[1:0] accounts for the
49 enablement status of current thread, and the setting at bit[3:2] takes place
50 at next execve(). bit[4] defines the inheritance mode of the setting in
53 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_CUR_MASK`: bit[1:0]: Account for the
54 Vector enablement status for the calling thread. The calling thread is
55 not able to turn off Vector once it has been enabled. The prctl() call
56 fails with EPERM if the value in this mask is PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_OFF
57 but the current enablement status is not off. Setting
58 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_DEFAULT here takes no effect but to set back
59 the original enablement status.
61 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK`: bit[3:2]: Account for the
62 Vector enablement setting for the calling thread at the next execve()
63 system call. If PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_DEFAULT is used in this mask,
64 then the enablement status will be decided by the system-wide
65 enablement status when execve() happen.
67 * :c:macro:`PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_INHERIT`: bit[4]: the inheritance
68 mode for the setting at PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK. If the bit
69 is set then the following execve() will not clear the setting in both
70 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK and PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_INHERIT.
71 This setting persists across changes in the system-wide default value.
75 * EINVAL: Vector not supported, invalid enablement status for current or
77 * EPERM: Turning off Vector in PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_CUR_MASK if Vector
78 was enabled for the calling thread.
81 * A valid setting for PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_CUR_MASK takes place
82 immediately. The enablement status specified in
83 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK happens at the next execve() call, or
84 all following execve() calls if PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_INHERIT bit is
86 * Every successful call overwrites a previous setting for the calling
89 * prctl(PR_RISCV_V_GET_CONTROL)
91 Gets the same Vector enablement status for the calling thread. Setting for
92 next execve() call and the inheritance bit are all OR-ed together.
94 Note that ELF programs are able to get the availability of V for itself by
95 reading :c:macro:`COMPAT_HWCAP_ISA_V` bit of :c:macro:`ELF_HWCAP` in the
99 * a nonnegative value on success;
100 * EINVAL: Vector not supported.
102 2. System runtime configuration (sysctl)
103 -----------------------------------------
105 To mitigate the ABI impact of expansion of the signal stack, a
106 policy mechanism is provided to the administrators, distro maintainers, and
107 developers to control the default Vector enablement status for userspace
108 processes in form of sysctl knob:
110 * /proc/sys/abi/riscv_v_default_allow
112 Writing the text representation of 0 or 1 to this file sets the default
113 system enablement status for new starting userspace programs. Valid values
116 * 0: Do not allow Vector code to be executed as the default for new processes.
117 * 1: Allow Vector code to be executed as the default for new processes.
119 Reading this file returns the current system default enablement status.
121 At every execve() call, a new enablement status of the new process is set to
122 the system default, unless:
124 * PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_INHERIT is set for the calling process, and the
125 setting in PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK is not
126 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_DEFAULT. Or,
128 * The setting in PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_NEXT_MASK is not
129 PR_RISCV_V_VSTATE_CTRL_DEFAULT.
131 Modifying the system default enablement status does not affect the enablement
132 status of any existing process of thread that do not make an execve() call.
134 3. Vector Register State Across System Calls
135 ---------------------------------------------
137 As indicated by version 1.0 of the V extension [1], vector registers are
138 clobbered by system calls.
140 1: https://github.com/riscv/riscv-v-spec/blob/master/calling-convention.adoc