1 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) interface
3 This provides an overview about the Linux PWM interface
5 PWMs are commonly used for controlling LEDs, fans or vibrators in
6 cell phones. PWMs with a fixed purpose have no need implementing
7 the Linux PWM API (although they could). However, PWMs are often
8 found as discrete devices on SoCs which have no fixed purpose. It's
9 up to the board designer to connect them to LEDs or fans. To provide
10 this kind of flexibility the generic PWM API exists.
15 Users of the legacy PWM API use unique IDs to refer to PWM devices.
17 Instead of referring to a PWM device via its unique ID, board setup code
18 should instead register a static mapping that can be used to match PWM
19 consumers to providers, as given in the following example:
21 static struct pwm_lookup board_pwm_lookup[] = {
22 PWM_LOOKUP("tegra-pwm", 0, "pwm-backlight", NULL),
25 static void __init board_init(void)
28 pwm_add_table(board_pwm_lookup, ARRAY_SIZE(board_pwm_lookup));
35 Legacy users can request a PWM device using pwm_request() and free it
36 after usage with pwm_free().
38 New users should use the pwm_get() function and pass to it the consumer
39 device or a consumer name. pwm_put() is used to free the PWM device. Managed
40 variants of these functions, devm_pwm_get() and devm_pwm_put(), also exist.
42 After being requested, a PWM has to be configured using:
44 int pwm_config(struct pwm_device *pwm, int duty_ns, int period_ns);
46 To start/stop toggling the PWM output use pwm_enable()/pwm_disable().
48 Using PWMs with the sysfs interface
49 -----------------------------------
51 If CONFIG_SYSFS is enabled in your kernel configuration a simple sysfs
52 interface is provided to use the PWMs from userspace. It is exposed at
53 /sys/class/pwm/. Each probed PWM controller/chip will be exported as
54 pwmchipN, where N is the base of the PWM chip. Inside the directory you
57 npwm - The number of PWM channels this chip supports (read-only).
59 export - Exports a PWM channel for use with sysfs (write-only).
61 unexport - Unexports a PWM channel from sysfs (write-only).
63 The PWM channels are numbered using a per-chip index from 0 to npwm-1.
65 When a PWM channel is exported a pwmX directory will be created in the
66 pwmchipN directory it is associated with, where X is the number of the
67 channel that was exported. The following properties will then be available:
69 period - The total period of the PWM signal (read/write).
70 Value is in nanoseconds and is the sum of the active and inactive
73 duty_cycle - The active time of the PWM signal (read/write).
74 Value is in nanoseconds and must be less than the period.
76 polarity - Changes the polarity of the PWM signal (read/write).
77 Writes to this property only work if the PWM chip supports changing
78 the polarity. The polarity can only be changed if the PWM is not
79 enabled. Value is the string "normal" or "inversed".
81 enable - Enable/disable the PWM signal (read/write).
85 Implementing a PWM driver
86 -------------------------
88 Currently there are two ways to implement pwm drivers. Traditionally
89 there only has been the barebone API meaning that each driver has
90 to implement the pwm_*() functions itself. This means that it's impossible
91 to have multiple PWM drivers in the system. For this reason it's mandatory
92 for new drivers to use the generic PWM framework.
94 A new PWM controller/chip can be added using pwmchip_add() and removed
95 again with pwmchip_remove(). pwmchip_add() takes a filled in struct
96 pwm_chip as argument which provides a description of the PWM chip, the
97 number of PWM devices provided by the chip and the chip-specific
98 implementation of the supported PWM operations to the framework.
103 The PWM core list manipulations are protected by a mutex, so pwm_request()
104 and pwm_free() may not be called from an atomic context. Currently the
105 PWM core does not enforce any locking to pwm_enable(), pwm_disable() and
106 pwm_config(), so the calling context is currently driver specific. This
107 is an issue derived from the former barebone API and should be fixed soon.
112 Currently a PWM can only be configured with period_ns and duty_ns. For several
113 use cases freq_hz and duty_percent might be better. Instead of calculating
114 this in your driver please consider adding appropriate helpers to the framework.