3 Submitting Drivers For The Linux Kernel
4 =======================================
6 This document is intended to explain how to submit device drivers to the
7 various kernel trees. Note that if you are interested in video card drivers
8 you should probably talk to XFree86 (https://www.xfree86.org/) and/or X.Org
9 (https://x.org/) instead.
13 This document is old and has seen little maintenance in recent years; it
14 should probably be updated or, perhaps better, just deleted. Most of
15 what is here can be found in the other development documents anyway.
17 Oh, and we don't really recommend submitting changes to XFree86 :)
19 Also read the :ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>`
23 Allocating Device Numbers
24 -------------------------
26 Major and minor numbers for block and character devices are allocated
27 by the Linux assigned name and number authority (currently this is
28 Torben Mathiasen). The site is https://www.lanana.org/. This
29 also deals with allocating numbers for devices that are not going to
30 be submitted to the mainstream kernel.
31 See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst <admin_devices>`
32 for more information on this.
34 If you don't use assigned numbers then when your device is submitted it will
35 be given an assigned number even if that is different from values you may
36 have shipped to customers before.
38 Who To Submit Drivers To
39 ------------------------
42 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
45 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
48 If the code area has a general maintainer then please submit it to
49 the maintainer listed in MAINTAINERS in the kernel file. If the
50 maintainer does not respond or you cannot find the appropriate
51 maintainer then please contact Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>.
54 The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
55 to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6+
56 submissions is Andrew Morton.
58 What Criteria Determine Acceptance
59 ----------------------------------
62 The code must be released to us under the
63 GNU General Public License. If you wish the driver to be
64 useful to other communities such as BSD you may release
65 under multiple licenses. If you choose to release under
66 licenses other than the GPL, you should include your
67 rationale for your license choices in your cover letter.
68 See accepted licenses at include/linux/module.h
71 The copyright owner must agree to use of GPL.
72 It's best if the submitter and copyright owner
73 are the same person/entity. If not, the name of
74 the person/entity authorizing use of GPL should be
75 listed in case it's necessary to verify the will of
79 If your driver uses existing interfaces and behaves like
80 other drivers in the same class it will be much more likely
81 to be accepted than if it invents gratuitous new ones.
82 If you need to implement a common API over Linux and NT
83 drivers do it in userspace.
86 Please use the Linux style of code formatting as documented
87 in :ref:`Documentation/process/coding-style.rst <codingStyle>`.
88 If you have sections of code
89 that need to be in other formats, for example because they
90 are shared with a windows driver kit and you want to
91 maintain them just once separate them out nicely and note
95 Pointers are not always 32bits, not all computers are little
96 endian, people do not all have floating point and you
97 shouldn't use inline x86 assembler in your driver without
98 careful thought. Pure x86 drivers generally are not popular.
99 If you only have x86 hardware it is hard to test portability
100 but it is easy to make sure the code can easily be made
104 It helps if anyone can see how to fix the driver. It helps
105 you because you get patches not bug reports. If you submit a
106 driver that intentionally obfuscates how the hardware works
107 it will go in the bitbucket.
110 Since Linux is used on many portable and desktop systems, your
111 driver is likely to be used on such a system and therefore it
112 should support basic power management by implementing, if
113 necessary, the .suspend and .resume methods used during the
114 system-wide suspend and resume transitions. You should verify
115 that your driver correctly handles the suspend and resume, but
116 if you are unable to ensure that, please at least define the
117 .suspend method returning the -ENOSYS ("Function not
118 implemented") error. You should also try to make sure that your
119 driver uses as little power as possible when it's not doing
120 anything. For the driver testing instructions see
121 Documentation/power/drivers-testing.rst and for a relatively
122 complete overview of the power management issues related to
123 drivers see :ref:`Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst <driverapi_pm_devices>`.
126 In general if there is active maintenance of a driver by
127 the author then patches will be redirected to them unless
128 they are totally obvious and without need of checking.
129 If you want to be the contact and update point for the
130 driver it is a good idea to state this in the comments,
131 and include an entry in MAINTAINERS for your driver.
133 What Criteria Do Not Determine Acceptance
134 -----------------------------------------
137 Being the hardware vendor and maintaining the driver is
138 often a good thing. If there is a stable working driver from
139 other people already in the tree don't expect 'we are the
140 vendor' to get your driver chosen. Ideally work with the
141 existing driver author to build a single perfect driver.
144 It doesn't matter if a large Linux company wrote the driver,
145 or you did. Nobody has any special access to the kernel
146 tree. Anyone who tells you otherwise isn't telling the
153 Linux kernel master tree:
154 ftp.\ *country_code*\ .kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/...
156 where *country_code* == your country code, such as
157 **us**, **uk**, **fr**, etc.
159 https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
161 Linux kernel mailing list:
162 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
163 [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe]
165 Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (covers 2.6.10):
166 https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ (free version)
169 Weekly summary of kernel development activity - https://lwn.net/
173 https://lwn.net/Articles/2.6-kernel-api/
175 Porting drivers from prior kernels to 2.6:
177 https://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
180 Documentation and assistance for new kernel programmers
182 https://kernelnewbies.org/
185 http://www.linux-usb.org/
187 How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven:
188 http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf
191 https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors
193 GIT, Fast Version Control System: