1 If variable is of Type, use printk format specifier:
2 ---------------------------------------------------------
6 unsigned long %lu or %lx
8 unsigned long long %llu or %llx
12 Raw pointer value SHOULD be printed with %p. The kernel supports
13 the following extended format specifiers for pointer types:
15 Symbols/Function Pointers:
17 %pF versatile_init+0x0/0x110
19 %pS versatile_init+0x0/0x110
20 %pSR versatile_init+0x9/0x110
21 (with __builtin_extract_return_addr() translation)
23 %pB prev_fn_of_versatile_init+0x88/0x88
25 For printing symbols and function pointers. The 'S' and 's' specifiers
26 result in the symbol name with ('S') or without ('s') offsets. Where
27 this is used on a kernel without KALLSYMS - the symbol address is
30 The 'B' specifier results in the symbol name with offsets and should be
31 used when printing stack backtraces. The specifier takes into
32 consideration the effect of compiler optimisations which may occur
33 when tail-call's are used and marked with the noreturn GCC attribute.
35 On ia64, ppc64 and parisc64 architectures function pointers are
36 actually function descriptors which must first be resolved. The 'F' and
37 'f' specifiers perform this resolution and then provide the same
38 functionality as the 'S' and 's' specifiers.
42 %pK 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef
44 For printing kernel pointers which should be hidden from unprivileged
45 users. The behaviour of %pK depends on the kptr_restrict sysctl - see
46 Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt for more details.
50 %pr [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff flags 0x2200] or
51 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000006fffffff flags 0x2200]
52 %pR [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff pref] or
53 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000006fffffff pref]
55 For printing struct resources. The 'R' and 'r' specifiers result in a
56 printed resource with ('R') or without ('r') a decoded flags member.
60 %pa 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef
62 For printing a phys_addr_t type (and its derivatives, such as
63 resource_size_t) which can vary based on build options, regardless of
64 the width of the CPU data path. Passed by reference.
66 Raw buffer as a hex string:
68 %*phC 00:01:02: ... :3f
69 %*phD 00-01-02- ... -3f
72 For printing a small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with
73 certain separator. For the larger buffers consider to use
79 %pMR 05:04:03:02:01:00
80 %pMF 00-01-02-03-04-05
84 For printing 6-byte MAC/FDDI addresses in hex notation. The 'M' and 'm'
85 specifiers result in a printed address with ('M') or without ('m') byte
86 separators. The default byte separator is the colon (':').
88 Where FDDI addresses are concerned the 'F' specifier can be used after
89 the 'M' specifier to use dash ('-') separators instead of the default
92 For Bluetooth addresses the 'R' specifier shall be used after the 'M'
93 specifier to use reversed byte order suitable for visual interpretation
94 of Bluetooth addresses which are in the little endian order.
102 For printing IPv4 dot-separated decimal addresses. The 'I4' and 'i4'
103 specifiers result in a printed address with ('i4') or without ('I4')
106 The additional 'h', 'n', 'b', and 'l' specifiers are used to specify
107 host, network, big or little endian order addresses respectively. Where
108 no specifier is provided the default network/big endian order is used.
112 %pI6 0001:0002:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:0008
113 %pi6 00010002000300040005000600070008
114 %pI6c 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
116 For printing IPv6 network-order 16-bit hex addresses. The 'I6' and 'i6'
117 specifiers result in a printed address with ('I6') or without ('i6')
118 colon-separators. Leading zeros are always used.
120 The additional 'c' specifier can be used with the 'I' specifier to
121 print a compressed IPv6 address as described by
122 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952
124 IPv4/IPv6 addresses (generic, with port, flowinfo, scope):
126 %pIS 1.2.3.4 or 0001:0002:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:0008
127 %piS 001.002.003.004 or 00010002000300040005000600070008
128 %pISc 1.2.3.4 or 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
129 %pISpc 1.2.3.4:12345 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:12345
132 For printing an IP address without the need to distinguish whether it's
133 of type AF_INET or AF_INET6, a pointer to a valid 'struct sockaddr',
134 specified through 'IS' or 'iS', can be passed to this format specifier.
136 The additional 'p', 'f', and 's' specifiers are used to specify port
137 (IPv4, IPv6), flowinfo (IPv6) and scope (IPv6). Ports have a ':' prefix,
138 flowinfo a '/' and scope a '%', each followed by the actual value.
140 In case of an IPv6 address the compressed IPv6 address as described by
141 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952 is being used if the additional
142 specifier 'c' is given. The IPv6 address is surrounded by '[', ']' in
143 case of additional specifiers 'p', 'f' or 's' as suggested by
144 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-07
146 In case of IPv4 addresses, the additional 'h', 'n', 'b', and 'l'
147 specifiers can be used as well and are ignored in case of an IPv6
152 %pISfc 1.2.3.4 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]/123456789
153 %pISsc 1.2.3.4 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]%1234567890
154 %pISpfc 1.2.3.4:12345 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:12345/123456789
158 %pUb 00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f
159 %pUB 00010203-0405-0607-0809-0A0B0C0D0E0F
160 %pUl 03020100-0504-0706-0809-0a0b0c0e0e0f
161 %pUL 03020100-0504-0706-0809-0A0B0C0E0E0F
163 For printing 16-byte UUID/GUIDs addresses. The additional 'l', 'L',
164 'b' and 'B' specifiers are used to specify a little endian order in
165 lower ('l') or upper case ('L') hex characters - and big endian order
166 in lower ('b') or upper case ('B') hex characters.
168 Where no additional specifiers are used the default little endian
169 order with lower case hex characters will be printed.
175 For printing struct va_format structures. These contain a format string
176 and va_list as follows:
183 Do not use this feature without some mechanism to verify the
184 correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
186 u64 SHOULD be printed with %llu/%llx, (unsigned long long):
188 printk("%llu", (unsigned long long)u64_var);
190 s64 SHOULD be printed with %lld/%llx, (long long):
192 printk("%lld", (long long)s64_var);
194 If <type> is dependent on a config option for its size (e.g., sector_t,
195 blkcnt_t) or is architecture-dependent for its size (e.g., tcflag_t), use a
196 format specifier of its largest possible type and explicitly cast to it.
199 printk("test: sector number/total blocks: %llu/%llu\n",
200 (unsigned long long)sector, (unsigned long long)blockcount);
202 Reminder: sizeof() result is of type size_t.
204 Thank you for your cooperation and attention.
207 By Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> and
208 Andrew Murray <amurray@mpc-data.co.uk>