1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 ===================================
5 IMC (In-Memory Collection Counters)
6 ===================================
8 Anju T Sudhakar, 10 May 2019
17 IMC (In-Memory collection counters) is a hardware monitoring facility that
18 collects large numbers of hardware performance events at Nest level (these are
19 on-chip but off-core), Core level and Thread level.
21 The Nest PMU counters are handled by a Nest IMC microcode which runs in the OCC
22 (On-Chip Controller) complex. The microcode collects the counter data and moves
23 the nest IMC counter data to memory.
25 The Core and Thread IMC PMU counters are handled in the core. Core level PMU
26 counters give us the IMC counters' data per core and thread level PMU counters
27 give us the IMC counters' data per CPU thread.
29 OPAL obtains the IMC PMU and supported events information from the IMC Catalog
30 and passes on to the kernel via the device tree. The event's information
42 Some PMUs may have a common scale and unit values for all their supported
43 events. For those cases, the scale and unit properties for those events must be
44 inherited from the PMU.
46 The event offset in the memory is where the counter data gets accumulated.
48 IMC catalog is available at:
49 https://github.com/open-power/ima-catalog
51 The kernel discovers the IMC counters information in the device tree at the
52 `imc-counters` device node which has a compatible field
53 `ibm,opal-in-memory-counters`. From the device tree, the kernel parses the PMUs
54 and their event's information and register the PMU and its attributes in the
64 nest_mcs01/PM_MCS01_64B_RD_DISP_PORT01/ [Kernel PMU event]
65 nest_mcs01/PM_MCS01_64B_RD_DISP_PORT23/ [Kernel PMU event]
67 core_imc/CPM_0THRD_NON_IDLE_PCYC/ [Kernel PMU event]
68 core_imc/CPM_1THRD_NON_IDLE_INST/ [Kernel PMU event]
70 thread_imc/CPM_0THRD_NON_IDLE_PCYC/ [Kernel PMU event]
71 thread_imc/CPM_1THRD_NON_IDLE_INST/ [Kernel PMU event]
73 To see per chip data for nest_mcs0/PM_MCS_DOWN_128B_DATA_XFER_MC0/:
77 # ./perf stat -e "nest_mcs01/PM_MCS01_64B_WR_DISP_PORT01/" -a --per-socket
79 To see non-idle instructions for core 0:
83 # ./perf stat -e "core_imc/CPM_NON_IDLE_INST/" -C 0 -I 1000
85 To see non-idle instructions for a "make":
89 # ./perf stat -e "thread_imc/CPM_NON_IDLE_PCYC/" make
95 POWER9 supports two modes for IMC which are the Accumulation mode and Trace
96 mode. In Accumulation mode, event counts are accumulated in system Memory.
97 Hypervisor then reads the posted counts periodically or when requested. In IMC
98 Trace mode, the 64 bit trace SCOM value is initialized with the event
99 information. The CPMCxSEL and CPMC_LOAD in the trace SCOM, specifies the event
100 to be monitored and the sampling duration. On each overflow in the CPMCxSEL,
101 hardware snapshots the program counter along with event counts and writes into
102 memory pointed by LDBAR.
104 LDBAR is a 64 bit special purpose per thread register, it has bits to indicate
105 whether hardware is configured for accumulation or trace mode.
107 LDBAR Register Layout
108 ---------------------
110 +-------+----------------------+
111 | 0 | Enable/Disable |
112 +-------+----------------------+
113 | 1 | 0: Accumulation Mode |
114 | +----------------------+
116 +-------+----------------------+
118 +-------+----------------------+
120 +-------+----------------------+
122 +-------+----------------------+
123 | 8:50 | Counter Address |
124 +-------+----------------------+
126 +-------+----------------------+
128 TRACE_IMC_SCOM bit representation
129 ---------------------------------
131 +-------+------------+
133 +-------+------------+
135 +-------+------------+
137 +-------+------------+
139 +-------+------------+
140 | 48:50 | BUFFERSIZE |
141 +-------+------------+
143 +-------+------------+
145 CPMC_LOAD contains the sampling duration. SAMPSEL and CPMCxSEL determines the
146 event to count. BUFFERSIZE indicates the memory range. On each overflow,
147 hardware snapshots the program counter along with event counts and updates the
148 memory and reloads the CMPC_LOAD value for the next sampling duration. IMC
149 hardware does not support exceptions, so it quietly wraps around if memory
150 buffer reaches the end.
152 *Currently the event monitored for trace-mode is fixed as cycle.*
154 Trace IMC example usage
155 =======================
161 trace_imc/trace_cycles/ [Kernel PMU event]
163 To record an application/process with trace-imc event:
167 # perf record -e trace_imc/trace_cycles/ yes > /dev/null
168 [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
169 [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.012 MB perf.data (21 samples) ]
171 The `perf.data` generated, can be read using perf report.
173 Benefits of using IMC trace-mode
174 ================================
176 PMI (Performance Monitoring Interrupts) interrupt handling is avoided, since IMC
177 trace mode snapshots the program counter and updates to the memory. And this
178 also provide a way for the operating system to do instruction sampling in real
179 time without PMI processing overhead.
181 Performance data using `perf top` with and without trace-imc event.
183 PMI interrupts count when `perf top` command is executed without trace-imc event.
187 # grep PMI /proc/interrupts
188 PMI: 0 0 0 0 Performance monitoring interrupts
191 # grep PMI /proc/interrupts
192 PMI: 39735 8710 17338 17801 Performance monitoring interrupts
193 # ./perf top -e trace_imc/trace_cycles/
195 # grep PMI /proc/interrupts
196 PMI: 39735 8710 17338 17801 Performance monitoring interrupts
199 That is, the PMI interrupt counts do not increment when using the `trace_imc` event.