1 Debugging hibernation and suspend
2 (C) 2007 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>, GPL
4 1. Testing hibernation (aka suspend to disk or STD)
6 To check if hibernation works, you can try to hibernate in the "reboot" mode:
8 # echo reboot > /sys/power/disk
9 # echo disk > /sys/power/state
11 and the system should create a hibernation image, reboot, resume and get back to
12 the command prompt where you have started the transition. If that happens,
13 hibernation is most likely to work correctly. Still, you need to repeat the
14 test at least a couple of times in a row for confidence. [This is necessary,
15 because some problems only show up on a second attempt at suspending and
16 resuming the system.] Moreover, hibernating in the "reboot" and "shutdown"
17 modes causes the PM core to skip some platform-related callbacks which on ACPI
18 systems might be necessary to make hibernation work. Thus, if you machine fails
19 to hibernate or resume in the "reboot" mode, you should try the "platform" mode:
21 # echo platform > /sys/power/disk
22 # echo disk > /sys/power/state
24 which is the default and recommended mode of hibernation.
26 Unfortunately, the "platform" mode of hibernation does not work on some systems
27 with broken BIOSes. In such cases the "shutdown" mode of hibernation might
30 # echo shutdown > /sys/power/disk
31 # echo disk > /sys/power/state
33 (it is similar to the "reboot" mode, but it requires you to press the power
34 button to make the system resume).
36 If neither "platform" nor "shutdown" hibernation mode works, you will need to
37 identify what goes wrong.
39 a) Test modes of hibernation
41 To find out why hibernation fails on your system, you can use a special testing
42 facility available if the kernel is compiled with CONFIG_PM_DEBUG set. Then,
43 there is the file /sys/power/pm_test that can be used to make the hibernation
44 core run in a test mode. There are 5 test modes available:
47 - test the freezing of processes
50 - test the freezing of processes and suspending of devices
53 - test the freezing of processes, suspending of devices and platform
54 global control methods(*)
57 - test the freezing of processes, suspending of devices, platform
58 global control methods(*) and the disabling of nonboot CPUs
61 - test the freezing of processes, suspending of devices, platform global
62 control methods(*), the disabling of nonboot CPUs and suspending of
63 platform/system devices
65 (*) the platform global control methods are only available on ACPI systems
66 and are only tested if the hibernation mode is set to "platform"
68 To use one of them it is necessary to write the corresponding string to
69 /sys/power/pm_test (eg. "devices" to test the freezing of processes and
70 suspending devices) and issue the standard hibernation commands. For example,
71 to use the "devices" test mode along with the "platform" mode of hibernation,
72 you should do the following:
74 # echo devices > /sys/power/pm_test
75 # echo platform > /sys/power/disk
76 # echo disk > /sys/power/state
78 Then, the kernel will try to freeze processes, suspend devices, wait 5 seconds,
79 resume devices and thaw processes. If "platform" is written to
80 /sys/power/pm_test , then after suspending devices the kernel will additionally
81 invoke the global control methods (eg. ACPI global control methods) used to
82 prepare the platform firmware for hibernation. Next, it will wait 5 seconds and
83 invoke the platform (eg. ACPI) global methods used to cancel hibernation etc.
85 Writing "none" to /sys/power/pm_test causes the kernel to switch to the normal
86 hibernation/suspend operations. Also, when open for reading, /sys/power/pm_test
87 contains a space-separated list of all available tests (including "none" that
88 represents the normal functionality) in which the current test level is
89 indicated by square brackets.
91 Generally, as you can see, each test level is more "invasive" than the previous
92 one and the "core" level tests the hardware and drivers as deeply as possible
93 without creating a hibernation image. Obviously, if the "devices" test fails,
94 the "platform" test will fail as well and so on. Thus, as a rule of thumb, you
95 should try the test modes starting from "freezer", through "devices", "platform"
96 and "processors" up to "core" (repeat the test on each level a couple of times
97 to make sure that any random factors are avoided).
99 If the "freezer" test fails, there is a task that cannot be frozen (in that case
100 it usually is possible to identify the offending task by analysing the output of
101 dmesg obtained after the failing test). Failure at this level usually means
102 that there is a problem with the tasks freezer subsystem that should be
105 If the "devices" test fails, most likely there is a driver that cannot suspend
106 or resume its device (in the latter case the system may hang or become unstable
107 after the test, so please take that into consideration). To find this driver,
108 you can carry out a binary search according to the rules:
109 - if the test fails, unload a half of the drivers currently loaded and repeat
110 (that would probably involve rebooting the system, so always note what drivers
111 have been loaded before the test),
112 - if the test succeeds, load a half of the drivers you have unloaded most
115 Once you have found the failing driver (there can be more than just one of
116 them), you have to unload it every time before hibernation. In that case please
117 make sure to report the problem with the driver.
119 It is also possible that the "devices" test will still fail after you have
120 unloaded all modules. In that case, you may want to look in your kernel
121 configuration for the drivers that can be compiled as modules (and test again
122 with these drivers compiled as modules). You may also try to use some special
123 kernel command line options such as "noapic", "noacpi" or even "acpi=off".
125 If the "platform" test fails, there is a problem with the handling of the
126 platform (eg. ACPI) firmware on your system. In that case the "platform" mode
127 of hibernation is not likely to work. You can try the "shutdown" mode, but that
128 is rather a poor man's workaround.
130 If the "processors" test fails, the disabling/enabling of nonboot CPUs does not
131 work (of course, this only may be an issue on SMP systems) and the problem
132 should be reported. In that case you can also try to switch the nonboot CPUs
133 off and on using the /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online sysfs attributes and
136 If the "core" test fails, which means that suspending of the system/platform
137 devices has failed (these devices are suspended on one CPU with interrupts off),
138 the problem is most probably hardware-related and serious, so it should be
141 A failure of any of the "platform", "processors" or "core" tests may cause your
142 system to hang or become unstable, so please beware. Such a failure usually
143 indicates a serious problem that very well may be related to the hardware, but
144 please report it anyway.
146 b) Testing minimal configuration
148 If all of the hibernation test modes work, you can boot the system with the
149 "init=/bin/bash" command line parameter and attempt to hibernate in the
150 "reboot", "shutdown" and "platform" modes. If that does not work, there
151 probably is a problem with a driver statically compiled into the kernel and you
152 can try to compile more drivers as modules, so that they can be tested
153 individually. Otherwise, there is a problem with a modular driver and you can
154 find it by loading a half of the modules you normally use and binary searching
155 in accordance with the algorithm:
156 - if there are n modules loaded and the attempt to suspend and resume fails,
157 unload n/2 of the modules and try again (that would probably involve rebooting
159 - if there are n modules loaded and the attempt to suspend and resume succeeds,
160 load n/2 modules more and try again.
162 Again, if you find the offending module(s), it(they) must be unloaded every time
163 before hibernation, and please report the problem with it(them).
165 c) Advanced debugging
167 In case that hibernation does not work on your system even in the minimal
168 configuration and compiling more drivers as modules is not practical or some
169 modules cannot be unloaded, you can use one of the more advanced debugging
170 techniques to find the problem. First, if there is a serial port in your box,
171 you can boot the kernel with the 'no_console_suspend' parameter and try to log
172 kernel messages using the serial console. This may provide you with some
173 information about the reasons of the suspend (resume) failure. Alternatively,
174 it may be possible to use a FireWire port for debugging with firescope
175 (ftp://ftp.firstfloor.org/pub/ak/firescope/). On x86 it is also possible to
176 use the PM_TRACE mechanism documented in Documentation/s2ram.txt .
178 2. Testing suspend to RAM (STR)
180 To verify that the STR works, it is generally more convenient to use the s2ram
181 tool available from http://suspend.sf.net and documented at
182 http://en.opensuse.org/SDB:Suspend_to_RAM.
184 Namely, after writing "freezer", "devices", "platform", "processors", or "core"
185 into /sys/power/pm_test (available if the kernel is compiled with
186 CONFIG_PM_DEBUG set) the suspend code will work in the test mode corresponding
187 to given string. The STR test modes are defined in the same way as for
188 hibernation, so please refer to Section 1 for more information about them. In
189 particular, the "core" test allows you to test everything except for the actual
190 invocation of the platform firmware in order to put the system into the sleep
193 Among other things, the testing with the help of /sys/power/pm_test may allow
194 you to identify drivers that fail to suspend or resume their devices. They
195 should be unloaded every time before an STR transition.
197 Next, you can follow the instructions at http://en.opensuse.org/s2ram to test
198 the system, but if it does not work "out of the box", you may need to boot it
199 with "init=/bin/bash" and test s2ram in the minimal configuration. In that
200 case, you may be able to search for failing drivers by following the procedure
201 analogous to the one described in section 1. If you find some failing drivers,
202 you will have to unload them every time before an STR transition (ie. before
203 you run s2ram), and please report the problems with them.