1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ======================================================
4 Virtual eXtensible Local Area Networking documentation
5 ======================================================
7 The VXLAN protocol is a tunnelling protocol designed to solve the
8 problem of limited VLAN IDs (4096) in IEEE 802.1q. With VXLAN the
9 size of the identifier is expanded to 24 bits (16777216).
11 VXLAN is described by IETF RFC 7348, and has been implemented by a
12 number of vendors. The protocol runs over UDP using a single
13 destination port. This document describes the Linux kernel tunnel
14 device, there is also a separate implementation of VXLAN for
17 Unlike most tunnels, a VXLAN is a 1 to N network, not just point to
18 point. A VXLAN device can learn the IP address of the other endpoint
19 either dynamically in a manner similar to a learning bridge, or make
20 use of statically-configured forwarding entries.
22 The management of vxlan is done in a manner similar to its two closest
23 neighbors GRE and VLAN. Configuring VXLAN requires the version of
24 iproute2 that matches the kernel release where VXLAN was first merged
27 1. Create vxlan device::
29 # ip link add vxlan0 type vxlan id 42 group 239.1.1.1 dev eth1 dstport 4789
31 This creates a new device named vxlan0. The device uses the multicast
32 group 239.1.1.1 over eth1 to handle traffic for which there is no
33 entry in the forwarding table. The destination port number is set to
34 the IANA-assigned value of 4789. The Linux implementation of VXLAN
35 pre-dates the IANA's selection of a standard destination port number
36 and uses the Linux-selected value by default to maintain backwards
39 2. Delete vxlan device::
41 # ip link delete vxlan0
45 # ip -d link show vxlan0
47 It is possible to create, destroy and display the vxlan
48 forwarding table using the new bridge command.
50 1. Create forwarding table entry::
52 # bridge fdb add to 00:17:42:8a:b4:05 dst 192.19.0.2 dev vxlan0
54 2. Delete forwarding table entry::
56 # bridge fdb delete 00:17:42:8a:b4:05 dev vxlan0
58 3. Show forwarding table::
60 # bridge fdb show dev vxlan0
62 The following NIC features may indicate support for UDP tunnel-related
63 offloads (most commonly VXLAN features, but support for a particular
64 encapsulation protocol is NIC specific):
66 - `tx-udp_tnl-segmentation`
67 - `tx-udp_tnl-csum-segmentation`
68 ability to perform TCP segmentation offload of UDP encapsulated frames
70 - `rx-udp_tunnel-port-offload`
71 receive side parsing of UDP encapsulated frames which allows NICs to
72 perform protocol-aware offloads, like checksum validation offload of
73 inner frames (only needed by NICs without protocol-agnostic offloads)
75 For devices supporting `rx-udp_tunnel-port-offload` the list of currently
76 offloaded ports can be interrogated with `ethtool`::
78 $ ethtool --show-tunnels eth0
79 Tunnel information for eth0:
86 Types: geneve, vxlan-gpe