1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =========================================
4 How to use packet injection with mac80211
5 =========================================
7 mac80211 now allows arbitrary packets to be injected down any Monitor Mode
8 interface from userland. The packet you inject needs to be composed in the
15 The radiotap format is discussed in
16 ./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.rst.
18 Despite many radiotap parameters being currently defined, most only make sense
19 to appear on received packets. The following information is parsed from the
20 radiotap headers and used to control injection:
22 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
24 ========================= ===========================================
25 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS FCS will be removed and recalculated
26 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP frame will be encrypted if key available
27 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG frame will be fragmented if longer than the
28 current fragmentation threshold.
29 ========================= ===========================================
31 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_FLAGS
33 ============================= ========================================
34 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_TX_NOACK frame should be sent without waiting for
35 an ACK even if it is a unicast frame
36 ============================= ========================================
38 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
40 legacy rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control)
42 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS
44 HT rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control).
45 Also some flags are parsed
47 ============================ ========================
48 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SGI use short guard interval
49 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BW_40 send in HT40 mode
50 ============================ ========================
52 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DATA_RETRIES
54 number of retries when either IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE or
55 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS was used
57 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT
59 VHT mcs and number of streams used in the transmission (only for devices
60 without own rate control). Also other fields are parsed
63 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT_FLAG_SGI: use short guard interval
66 * 1: send using 40MHz channel width
67 * 4: send using 80MHz channel width
68 * 11: send using 160MHz channel width
70 The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields
71 facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly.
73 Here is an example valid radiotap header defining some parameters::
75 0x00, 0x00, // <-- radiotap version
76 0x0b, 0x00, // <- radiotap header length
77 0x04, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, // <-- bitmap
82 The ieee80211 header follows immediately afterwards, looking for example like
85 0x08, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
86 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
87 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66,
88 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66,
91 Then lastly there is the payload.
93 After composing the packet contents, it is sent by send()-ing it to a logical
94 mac80211 interface that is in Monitor mode. Libpcap can also be used,
95 (which is easier than doing the work to bind the socket to the right
96 interface), along the following lines:::
98 ppcap = pcap_open_live(szInterfaceName, 800, 1, 20, szErrbuf);
100 r = pcap_inject(ppcap, u8aSendBuffer, nLength);
102 You can also find a link to a complete inject application here:
104 https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/packetspammer
106 Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>