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2 RT-mutex subsystem with PI support
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5 RT-mutexes with priority inheritance are used to support PI-futexes,
6 which enable pthread_mutex_t priority inheritance attributes
7 (PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT). [See Documentation/locking/pi-futex.rst for more details
10 This technology was developed in the -rt tree and streamlined for
11 pthread_mutex support.
16 RT-mutexes extend the semantics of simple mutexes by the priority
19 A low priority owner of a rt-mutex inherits the priority of a higher
20 priority waiter until the rt-mutex is released. If the temporarily
21 boosted owner blocks on a rt-mutex itself it propagates the priority
22 boosting to the owner of the other rt_mutex it gets blocked on. The
23 priority boosting is immediately removed once the rt_mutex has been
26 This approach allows us to shorten the block of high-prio tasks on
27 mutexes which protect shared resources. Priority inheritance is not a
28 magic bullet for poorly designed applications, but it allows
29 well-designed applications to use userspace locks in critical parts of
30 an high priority thread, without losing determinism.
32 The enqueueing of the waiters into the rtmutex waiter tree is done in
33 priority order. For same priorities FIFO order is chosen. For each
34 rtmutex, only the top priority waiter is enqueued into the owner's
35 priority waiters tree. This tree too queues in priority order. Whenever
36 the top priority waiter of a task changes (for example it timed out or
37 got a signal), the priority of the owner task is readjusted. The
38 priority enqueueing is handled by "pi_waiters".
40 RT-mutexes are optimized for fastpath operations and have no internal
41 locking overhead when locking an uncontended mutex or unlocking a mutex
42 without waiters. The optimized fastpath operations require cmpxchg
43 support. [If that is not available then the rt-mutex internal spinlock
46 The state of the rt-mutex is tracked via the owner field of the rt-mutex
49 lock->owner holds the task_struct pointer of the owner. Bit 0 is used to
50 keep track of the "lock has waiters" state:
52 ============ ======= ================================================
54 ============ ======= ================================================
55 NULL 0 lock is free (fast acquire possible)
56 NULL 1 lock is free and has waiters and the top waiter
57 is going to take the lock [1]_
58 taskpointer 0 lock is held (fast release possible)
59 taskpointer 1 lock is held and has waiters [2]_
60 ============ ======= ================================================
62 The fast atomic compare exchange based acquire and release is only
63 possible when bit 0 of lock->owner is 0.
65 .. [1] It also can be a transitional state when grabbing the lock
66 with ->wait_lock is held. To prevent any fast path cmpxchg to the lock,
67 we need to set the bit0 before looking at the lock, and the owner may
68 be NULL in this small time, hence this can be a transitional state.
70 .. [2] There is a small time when bit 0 is set but there are no
71 waiters. This can happen when grabbing the lock in the slow path.
72 To prevent a cmpxchg of the owner releasing the lock, we need to
73 set this bit before looking at the lock.
75 BTW, there is still technically a "Pending Owner", it's just not called
76 that anymore. The pending owner happens to be the top_waiter of a lock
77 that has no owner and has been woken up to grab the lock.