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2 LED handling under Linux
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5 In its simplest form, the LED class just allows control of LEDs from
6 userspace. LEDs appear in /sys/class/leds/. The maximum brightness of the
7 LED is defined in max_brightness file. The brightness file will set the brightness
8 of the LED (taking a value 0-max_brightness). Most LEDs don't have hardware
9 brightness support so will just be turned on for non-zero brightness settings.
11 The class also introduces the optional concept of an LED trigger. A trigger
12 is a kernel based source of led events. Triggers can either be simple or
13 complex. A simple trigger isn't configurable and is designed to slot into
14 existing subsystems with minimal additional code. Examples are the disk-activity,
15 nand-disk and sharpsl-charge triggers. With led triggers disabled, the code
18 Complex triggers while available to all LEDs have LED specific
19 parameters and work on a per LED basis. The timer trigger is an example.
20 The timer trigger will periodically change the LED brightness between
21 LED_OFF and the current brightness setting. The "on" and "off" time can
22 be specified via /sys/class/leds/<device>/delay_{on,off} in milliseconds.
23 You can change the brightness value of a LED independently of the timer
24 trigger. However, if you set the brightness value to LED_OFF it will
25 also disable the timer trigger.
27 You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO scheduler
28 is chosen (via /sys/class/leds/<device>/trigger). Trigger specific
29 parameters can appear in /sys/class/leds/<device> once a given trigger is
36 The underlying design philosophy is simplicity. LEDs are simple devices
37 and the aim is to keep a small amount of code giving as much functionality
38 as possible. Please keep this in mind when suggesting enhancements.
44 Is currently of the form:
46 "devicename:color:function"
49 it should refer to a unique identifier created by the kernel,
50 like e.g. phyN for network devices or inputN for input devices, rather
51 than to the hardware; the information related to the product and the bus
52 to which given device is hooked is available in sysfs and can be
53 retrieved using get_led_device_info.sh script from tools/leds; generally
54 this section is expected mostly for LEDs that are somehow associated with
58 one of LED_COLOR_ID_* definitions from the header
59 include/dt-bindings/leds/common.h.
62 one of LED_FUNCTION_* definitions from the header
63 include/dt-bindings/leds/common.h.
65 If required color or function is missing, please submit a patch
66 to linux-leds@vger.kernel.org.
68 It is possible that more than one LED with the same color and function will
69 be required for given platform, differing only with an ordinal number.
70 In this case it is preferable to just concatenate the predefined LED_FUNCTION_*
71 name with required "-N" suffix in the driver. fwnode based drivers can use
72 function-enumerator property for that and then the concatenation will be handled
73 automatically by the LED core upon LED class device registration.
75 LED subsystem has also a protection against name clash, that may occur
76 when LED class device is created by a driver of hot-pluggable device and
77 it doesn't provide unique devicename section. In this case numerical
78 suffix (e.g. "_1", "_2", "_3" etc.) is added to the requested LED class
81 There might be still LED class drivers around using vendor or product name
82 for devicename, but this approach is now deprecated as it doesn't convey
83 any added value. Product information can be found in other places in sysfs
84 (see tools/leds/get_led_device_info.sh).
86 Examples of proper LED names:
94 - "input5::kbd_backlight"
96 - "input3::scrolllock"
101 get_led_device_info.sh script can be used for verifying if the LED name
102 meets the requirements pointed out here. It performs validation of the LED class
103 devicename sections and gives hints on expected value for a section in case
104 the validation fails for it. So far the script supports validation
105 of associations between LEDs and following types of devices:
108 - ieee80211 compliant USB devices
110 The script is open to extensions.
112 There have been calls for LED properties such as color to be exported as
113 individual led class attributes. As a solution which doesn't incur as much
114 overhead, I suggest these become part of the device name. The naming scheme
115 above leaves scope for further attributes should they be needed. If sections
116 of the name don't apply, just leave that section blank.
119 Brightness setting API
120 ======================
122 LED subsystem core exposes following API for setting brightness:
124 - led_set_brightness:
125 it is guaranteed not to sleep, passing LED_OFF stops
128 - led_set_brightness_sync:
129 for use cases when immediate effect is desired -
130 it can block the caller for the time required for accessing
131 device registers and can sleep, passing LED_OFF stops hardware
132 blinking, returns -EBUSY if software blink fallback is enabled.
138 A driver wanting to register a LED classdev for use by other drivers /
139 userspace needs to allocate and fill a led_classdev struct and then call
140 `[devm_]led_classdev_register`. If the non devm version is used the driver
141 must call led_classdev_unregister from its remove function before
142 free-ing the led_classdev struct.
144 If the driver can detect hardware initiated brightness changes and thus
145 wants to have a brightness_hw_changed attribute then the LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED
146 flag must be set in flags before registering. Calling
147 led_classdev_notify_brightness_hw_changed on a classdev not registered with
148 the LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED flag is a bug and will trigger a WARN_ON.
150 Hardware accelerated blink of LEDs
151 ==================================
153 Some LEDs can be programmed to blink without any CPU interaction. To
154 support this feature, a LED driver can optionally implement the
155 blink_set() function (see <linux/leds.h>). To set an LED to blinking,
156 however, it is better to use the API function led_blink_set(), as it
157 will check and implement software fallback if necessary.
159 To turn off blinking, use the API function led_brightness_set()
160 with brightness value LED_OFF, which should stop any software
161 timers that may have been required for blinking.
163 The blink_set() function should choose a user friendly blinking value
164 if it is called with `*delay_on==0` && `*delay_off==0` parameters. In this
165 case the driver should give back the chosen value through delay_on and
166 delay_off parameters to the leds subsystem.
168 Setting the brightness to zero with brightness_set() callback function
169 should completely turn off the LED and cancel the previously programmed
170 hardware blinking function, if any.
176 The LED Trigger core cannot be a module as the simple trigger functions
177 would cause nightmare dependency issues. I see this as a minor issue
178 compared to the benefits the simple trigger functionality brings. The
179 rest of the LED subsystem can be modular.