4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
34 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
35 APIC APIC support is enabled.
36 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
37 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
38 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
39 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
40 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
41 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
42 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
43 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
44 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
45 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
46 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
47 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
48 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
49 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
50 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
51 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
52 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
53 LP Printer support is enabled.
54 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
55 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
56 These options have more detailed description inside of
57 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
58 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
59 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
60 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
61 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
62 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
63 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
64 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
65 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
66 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
67 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
68 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
69 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
70 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
71 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
72 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
73 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
74 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
75 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
76 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
77 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
78 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
79 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
80 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
81 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
82 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
84 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
85 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
86 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
87 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
88 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
89 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
90 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
91 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
92 USB USB support is enabled.
93 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
94 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
95 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
96 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
97 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
98 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
99 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
100 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
101 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
102 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
104 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
106 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
107 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
108 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
110 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
111 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
112 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
113 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
115 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
116 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
118 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
119 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
120 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
121 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
122 running once the system is up.
124 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
125 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
126 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
127 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
128 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
131 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
132 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
133 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
134 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
135 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
136 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
137 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
138 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
139 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
141 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
143 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
145 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
146 1,0: use 1st APIC table
149 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
150 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep }
151 See Documentation/power/video.txt for s3_bios and s3_mode.
152 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
153 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
155 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
156 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
158 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
159 ACPI will balance active IRQs
162 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
163 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
166 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
168 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
170 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
171 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
173 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
175 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
176 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
178 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
179 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
180 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
181 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
183 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
185 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
186 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
187 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
188 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
189 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
190 that require a timer override, but don't have
193 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI]
195 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
196 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
197 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
198 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_layer.
199 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
200 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable debug output
201 for specific parts of the ACPI subsystem:
202 0x01 utilities 0x02 hardware 0x04 events 0x08 tables
203 0x10 namespace 0x20 parser 0x40 dispatcher
204 0x80 executer 0x100 resources 0x200 acpica debugger
205 0x400 os services 0x800 acpica disassembler.
206 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
207 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
208 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
210 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI]
212 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
213 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
214 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
215 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_level.
216 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
217 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable different
218 debug output levels of the ACPI subsystem:
219 0x01 error 0x02 warn 0x04 init 0x08 debug object
220 0x10 info 0x20 init names 0x40 parse 0x80 load
221 0x100 dispatch 0x200 execute 0x400 names 0x800 operation region
222 0x1000 bfield 0x2000 tables 0x4000 values 0x8000 objects
223 0x10000 resources 0x20000 user requests 0x40000 package.
224 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
225 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
226 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
228 acpi_pm_good [X86-32,X86-64]
229 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
230 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
231 and always returns good values.
234 { off | try_unsupported }
235 off: disable AGP support
236 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
237 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
239 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
240 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
241 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
242 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
243 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
245 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
246 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
247 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
250 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
253 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
255 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
256 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
258 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
259 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
260 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
263 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
266 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
269 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
272 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
274 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
275 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
277 isolate - enable device isolation (each device, as far
278 as possible, will get its own protection
280 amd_iommu_size= [HW,X86-64]
281 Define the size of the aperture for the AMD IOMMU
282 driver. Possible values are:
283 '32M', '64M' (default), '128M', '256M', '512M', '1G'
285 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
286 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
288 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
290 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
291 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
292 connected to one of 16 gameports
293 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
296 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
298 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
299 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
300 APC and your system crashes randomly.
302 apic= [APIC,i386] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
303 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
304 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
305 Change the amount of debugging information output
306 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
308 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
309 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
311 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
312 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
316 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
318 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
320 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
321 EzKey and similar keyboards
323 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
325 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
326 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
328 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
331 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
332 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
334 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
335 Use software keyboard repeat
339 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
342 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
344 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
346 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
347 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
348 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
349 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
351 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
352 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
353 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
354 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
356 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
357 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
361 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
362 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
364 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
365 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
368 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
369 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
371 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
373 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
374 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
375 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
376 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
377 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
378 This option provides an override for these situations.
380 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
381 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
382 security module asking for security registration will be
383 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
384 as if no module has been chosen.
387 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
388 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
389 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
390 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
392 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
393 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
395 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
396 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
397 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
399 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
400 Format: { "0" | "1" }
401 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
402 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
403 any implied execute protection).
404 1 -- check protection requested by application.
405 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
406 Value can be changed at runtime via
407 /selinux/checkreqprot.
410 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
412 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
414 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
415 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
416 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
417 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
419 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
421 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
422 with the name specified.
423 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
425 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
427 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
428 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
430 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
431 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
439 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
440 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
441 include/asm-x86/cpufeature.h for the valid bit numbers.
442 Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
443 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
445 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
446 or using the feature without checking anything
447 will still see it. This just prevents it from
448 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
449 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
452 code_bytes [IA32/X86_64] How many bytes of object code to print
459 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
460 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
461 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
463 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
464 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force }
465 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
466 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
469 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
471 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
473 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
477 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
478 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
480 condev= [HW,S390] console device
483 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
485 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
489 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
490 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
491 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
492 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
493 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
495 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
497 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
500 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
501 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
502 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
503 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
504 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
505 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
507 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
508 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
510 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
512 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
513 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
514 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
515 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
516 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
517 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
520 [HW] Never suspend the console
521 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
522 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
523 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
524 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
525 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
526 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
527 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
529 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
531 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
533 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
534 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
535 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
537 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
538 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
539 in the running system. The syntax of range is
540 start-[end] where start and end are both
541 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
542 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
545 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
550 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
551 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
554 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
556 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
557 (one device per port)
558 Format: <port#>,<type>
559 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
561 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
564 [KNL] verbose self-tests
566 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
568 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
569 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
570 only useful to kernel developers.
572 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
574 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
575 Format: <area>[,<node>]
576 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
579 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
580 Change the default blue palette of the console.
581 This is a 16-member array composed of values
585 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
586 Change the default green palette of the console.
587 This is a 16-member array composed of values
591 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
592 Change the default red palette of the console.
593 This is a 16-member array composed of values
599 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
600 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
601 newly opened terminals.
604 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
607 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
609 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
610 See drivers/char/README.epca and
611 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
613 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
614 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
615 memory out of your available memory pool based on
616 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
617 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
619 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
625 earlyprintk= [X86-32,X86-64,SH,BLACKFIN]
627 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
629 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
632 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
634 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
636 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
639 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
645 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
647 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
648 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
651 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
652 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
655 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
656 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
657 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
659 elfcorehdr= [X86-32, X86_64]
660 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
661 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
662 pass this option to capture kernel.
663 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
665 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
667 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
668 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
669 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
671 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
674 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
675 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
677 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
678 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
679 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
681 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
686 fail_make_request=[KNL]
687 General fault injection mechanism.
688 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
689 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
692 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
695 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
698 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
700 force_pal_cache_flush
701 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
702 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
703 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
704 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
707 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
708 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
709 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
710 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
714 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
719 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
721 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
722 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
726 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
727 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
728 for IA-64, off otherwise.
729 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
731 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
733 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
734 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
736 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
737 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
739 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
740 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
741 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
742 size on bigger boxes.
744 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
745 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
749 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
751 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
752 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
754 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
755 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
756 keyboard and cannot control its state
757 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
758 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
759 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
760 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
762 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
764 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
767 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
768 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
769 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
770 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
774 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
775 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
777 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
778 does not match list of supported models.
780 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
781 (disabled by default)
782 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
785 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
786 See Documentation/mca.txt.
789 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
791 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
792 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler
793 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
795 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
796 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
799 Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait
800 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance
801 of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system
802 run hot. Not recommended.
803 idle=mwait. On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but the kernel chose
804 to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle
805 loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same
808 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
809 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
811 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
812 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
813 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
816 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
819 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
823 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
826 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
827 for working out where the kernel is dying during
830 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
832 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
850 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
852 Disable intel iommu driver.
853 igfx_off [Default Off]
854 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
855 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
856 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
857 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
860 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
861 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
862 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
863 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
864 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
865 then look in the higher range.
867 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
868 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
869 to batching them for performance.
871 io_delay= [X86-32,X86-64] I/O delay method
873 Standard port 0x80 based delay
875 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
877 Simple two microseconds delay
881 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
882 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
883 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
886 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
888 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
889 See comment before ip2_setup() in
890 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
892 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
893 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
895 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
897 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
899 Format: <port>,<port>....
902 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
903 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
907 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
908 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
909 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
913 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
915 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
917 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
919 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
921 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
922 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
923 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
924 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
925 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
926 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
927 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
929 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
930 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
931 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
932 suboptimal load balancer performance.
936 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
937 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
939 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
940 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
941 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
942 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
943 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
944 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
945 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
946 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
947 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
948 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
949 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
950 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
951 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
952 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
955 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
956 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
957 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
958 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
959 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
960 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
961 is specified, the administrator must be careful
962 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
967 kstack=N [X86-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
970 kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
971 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
972 (only serial suported for now)
973 Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
979 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
982 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
985 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
986 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
987 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
988 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
989 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
990 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
991 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
993 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
997 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
998 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
999 PORT[:DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1000 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1001 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1002 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1003 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1004 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1006 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1007 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1008 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1009 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1010 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1011 host link and device attached to it.
1013 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1014 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1015 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1016 The following configurations can be forced.
1018 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1019 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1021 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1023 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1024 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1027 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1029 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1030 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1032 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1033 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1035 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1038 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1041 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1044 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1047 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1050 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1051 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1052 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1053 loglevels are defined as follows:
1055 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1056 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1057 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1058 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1059 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1060 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1061 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1062 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1064 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
1065 Format: { n | nk | nM }
1066 n must be a power of two. The default size
1067 is set in the kernel config file.
1069 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1070 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1071 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1072 kernel boot problems.
1074 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1075 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1076 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1077 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1078 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1079 attached printers to be reset. Using
1080 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1081 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1082 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1083 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1084 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1085 port specification list means that device IDs
1086 from each port should be examined, to see if
1087 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1088 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1089 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1092 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1093 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1094 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1095 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1096 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1097 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1098 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1099 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1100 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1101 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1102 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1106 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1108 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1109 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1111 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1112 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1113 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1115 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1119 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1120 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1121 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1122 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1125 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
1126 equal to this physical address is ignored.
1128 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1129 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1132 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1133 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1137 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1139 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1141 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1142 See Documentation/md.txt.
1145 Format: <first>,<last>
1146 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1148 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1149 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1150 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1151 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1152 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1153 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1155 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1158 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
1159 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1160 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1161 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1164 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1165 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1166 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1168 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1169 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1170 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1172 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1173 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1174 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1175 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1176 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1178 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1180 memtest= [KNL,X86_64] Enable memtest
1182 range: 0,4 : pattern number
1183 default : 0 <disable>
1185 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1186 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1188 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1189 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1192 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1193 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1194 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1195 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1200 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1201 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1202 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1203 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1205 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1206 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1207 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1208 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1213 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1214 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1216 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1217 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1220 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1222 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1223 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1224 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1226 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1229 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1233 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1235 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1237 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1239 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1241 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1242 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1243 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1244 something different and driver-specific.
1245 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1249 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1251 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1252 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1254 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1255 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1256 channel should listen.
1258 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1259 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1263 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1264 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1265 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1266 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1267 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1269 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32] Specify one or more actions to take
1270 when a NMI is triggered.
1271 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1273 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1275 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1276 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1279 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1280 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1281 but will impact performance.
1285 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1286 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1288 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1289 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1293 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1295 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1297 noefi [X86-32,X86-64] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1301 noexec [X86-32,X86-64]
1302 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1303 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1304 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1307 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1308 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1309 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1310 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1311 read implies executable mappings
1313 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1314 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1315 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1317 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1321 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1322 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1325 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1326 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1327 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1328 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1329 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1332 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1333 Valid arguments: on, off
1336 noirqbalance [X86-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1338 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1339 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1341 no_timer_check [X86-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1342 broken timer IRQ sources.
1344 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1346 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1351 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1353 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1355 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1357 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1358 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1360 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1362 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1364 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1365 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1367 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1369 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1370 with UP alternatives
1372 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1374 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1377 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1378 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1379 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1383 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1385 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1386 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1388 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1390 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1392 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1394 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1398 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1399 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1402 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1403 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1404 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1405 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1407 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1409 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1410 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1411 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1412 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1413 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1414 interrupts *may* be lost!
1419 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1420 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1422 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1423 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1424 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1426 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1429 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1430 connected to, default is 0.
1432 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1433 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1436 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1437 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1438 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1439 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1440 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1441 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1442 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1443 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1444 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1445 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1446 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1447 are specified on the command line, starting
1450 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1451 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1452 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1453 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1454 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1455 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1456 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1458 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1459 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1462 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1465 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1466 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1467 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1472 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1473 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1475 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1476 off [X86-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1477 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1478 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1479 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1480 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1481 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1482 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1483 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1484 conf1 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1486 conf2 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1488 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1489 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1490 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1491 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1492 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1493 nommconf [X86-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1495 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1496 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1497 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1498 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1499 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1500 on several machines and they hang the machine
1501 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1502 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1503 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1504 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1506 rom [X86-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1507 Use with caution as certain devices share
1508 address decoders between ROMs and other
1510 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1511 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1512 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1514 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86-32] Specify the physical address
1515 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1516 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1517 F0000h-100000h range.
1518 lastbus=N [X86-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1519 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1520 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1521 explicitly which ones they are.
1522 assign-busses [X86-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1523 numbers ourselves, overriding
1524 whatever the firmware may have done.
1525 usepirqmask [X86-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1526 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1527 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1528 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1529 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1530 IRQ routing is enabled.
1531 noacpi [X86-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1532 or for PCI scanning.
1533 use_crs [X86-32] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1535 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1536 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1537 so this option is a temporary workaround
1538 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1539 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1540 handle more pci cards
1541 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1542 just use the configuration from the
1543 bootloader. This is currently used on
1544 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1545 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1546 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1547 This might help on some broken boards which
1548 machine check when some devices' config space
1549 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1550 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1551 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1552 This sorting is done to get a device
1553 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1554 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1555 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1556 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1557 The default value is 256 bytes.
1558 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1559 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1560 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1562 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1565 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1567 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1570 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1573 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1576 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1578 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1579 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1581 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1582 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1583 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1589 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1592 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1595 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1597 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1598 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1601 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1603 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1605 print-fatal-signals=
1606 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1607 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1611 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1612 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1614 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1615 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1616 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1617 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1618 statistical time based profiling.
1619 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
1620 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
1621 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1623 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1624 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1625 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1627 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1628 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1629 instead using the legacy FADT method
1631 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1633 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1635 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1636 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1637 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1639 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1640 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1643 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1644 psmouse.smartscroll=
1645 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1646 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1648 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1650 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1653 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1656 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1659 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1664 See Documentation/md.txt.
1666 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1667 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1669 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1670 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1672 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
1673 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
1676 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
1677 Set threshold of queued
1678 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1680 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
1681 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
1682 batch limiting is re-enabled.
1686 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1687 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1689 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1690 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1691 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1693 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1695 reservetop= [X86-32]
1697 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1700 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1701 during initialization.
1704 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1706 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1707 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1708 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1709 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1710 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1712 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1714 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1715 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1717 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1718 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1720 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1722 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1724 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1725 mount the root filesystem
1727 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1729 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1731 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
1732 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
1733 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
1735 root_plug.vendor_id=
1736 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
1738 root_plug.product_id=
1739 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
1742 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
1744 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1746 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1749 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1751 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1753 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1754 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1756 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1757 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1759 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1760 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1763 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1764 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1765 (flags are integer value)
1767 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
1768 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
1769 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
1770 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
1771 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
1772 S390-tools package, available for download at
1773 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
1775 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1776 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1777 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1778 user space to do the scan.
1780 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1781 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1782 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1785 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1786 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1787 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1789 selinux_compat_net =
1790 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1791 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1792 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1793 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1794 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1795 Value can be changed at runtime via
1796 /selinux/compat_net.
1798 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
1801 Maximal number of shapers.
1804 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1811 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
1812 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
1813 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
1814 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
1815 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
1816 last alloc / free. For more information see
1817 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1819 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
1820 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
1821 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
1822 fragmentation. For more information see
1823 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1825 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
1826 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
1827 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
1828 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
1829 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
1830 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
1831 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
1832 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1834 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
1835 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
1836 lower than slub_max_order.
1837 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1839 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
1840 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
1841 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
1842 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
1843 merging on their own.
1844 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1847 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1849 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
1850 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
1852 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
1853 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
1854 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
1855 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
1856 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
1857 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
1858 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
1859 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1860 1: Fast pin select (default)
1863 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1865 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1867 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1869 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1871 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1873 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1875 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1877 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1879 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1881 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1883 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1885 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1887 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1889 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1891 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1893 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1895 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1897 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1899 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1901 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1903 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1905 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1907 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1909 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1911 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1913 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1915 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1919 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1921 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1923 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1928 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1930 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1932 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1934 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1936 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1938 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1946 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1950 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1952 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1954 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1960 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1962 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1964 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1966 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1971 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1973 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1975 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1977 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1979 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1981 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1983 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1985 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1986 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1988 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1989 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1991 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1997 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1999 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
2000 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
2004 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2005 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2006 as the initial boot-console.
2007 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2010 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2013 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2017 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2018 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2019 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2020 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2021 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2022 NFS server is running.
2024 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2025 automatically using heuristics
2026 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2027 percpu one pool for each CPU
2028 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2029 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2031 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2035 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
2036 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
2038 sysrq_always_enabled
2040 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2041 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2042 Useful for debugging.
2045 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
2049 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2050 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2052 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2053 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2054 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2056 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2057 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2058 <degrees C>: lower all critical trip points
2060 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2061 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2062 critical and hot trip points.
2064 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2065 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2067 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2068 -1: disable all passive trip points
2069 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this value
2071 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2072 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2073 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2074 0: no polling (default)
2076 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
2077 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
2080 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
2081 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
2084 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
2085 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
2089 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
2091 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2093 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2094 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2096 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2097 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2099 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2100 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2109 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2110 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2111 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2112 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2113 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2116 usbcore.autosuspend=
2117 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2118 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2119 is the time required before an idle device will be
2120 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2121 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2124 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2126 vdso= [X86-32,SH,x86-64]
2127 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2128 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2129 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2131 vdso32= [X86-32,X86-64]
2132 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2133 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2134 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2137 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2139 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2140 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2142 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2143 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
2144 Documentation/svga.txt.
2145 Use vga=ask for menu.
2146 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2147 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2149 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2150 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2151 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2152 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2155 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2158 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2161 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2164 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2165 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2168 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2171 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2174 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
2176 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2177 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2179 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2181 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2183 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
2184 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
2186 ______________________________________________________________________
2190 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2191 Add more DRM drivers.