4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
44 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
45 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
46 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
47 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
48 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
49 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
50 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
51 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
52 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
53 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
54 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
55 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
56 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
57 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
58 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
59 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
60 LP Printer support is enabled.
61 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
62 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
63 These options have more detailed description inside of
64 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
65 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
66 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
67 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
68 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
69 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
70 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
71 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
72 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
73 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
74 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
75 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
76 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
77 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
78 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
79 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
80 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
81 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
82 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
83 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
84 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
85 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
86 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
87 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
88 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
89 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
91 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
92 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
93 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
94 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
95 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
96 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
97 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
98 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
99 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
100 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
101 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
102 USB USB support is enabled.
103 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
104 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
105 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
106 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
107 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
108 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
109 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
110 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
111 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
112 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
113 X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
115 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
117 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
118 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
119 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
121 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
122 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
123 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
124 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
126 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
127 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
129 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
130 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
131 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
132 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
133 running once the system is up.
135 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
136 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
137 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
138 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
139 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
143 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
144 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq | rsdt }
145 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
146 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
147 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
148 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
149 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
150 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
151 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
153 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
155 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
157 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
158 1,0: use 1st APIC table
161 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
162 acpi_backlight=vendor
164 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
165 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
166 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
168 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
169 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
171 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
172 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
173 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
174 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
175 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
176 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
177 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
178 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
179 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
180 debug layers and levels.
182 Enable processor driver info messages:
183 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
184 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
185 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
186 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
187 object while interpreting AML:
188 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
189 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
190 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
192 Some values produce so much output that the system is
193 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
194 if you need to capture more output.
196 acpi_display_output= [HW,ACPI]
197 acpi_display_output=vendor
198 acpi_display_output=video
201 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
202 ACPI will balance active IRQs
205 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
206 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
209 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
210 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
212 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
214 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
216 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
218 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
219 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
221 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
222 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
223 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
224 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
227 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
228 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
229 and always returns good values.
231 acpi.power_nocheck= [HW,ACPI]
232 Format: 1/0 enable/disable the check of power state.
233 On some bogus BIOS the _PSC object/_STA object of
234 power resource can't return the correct device power
235 state. In such case it is unneccessary to check its
236 power state again in power transition.
237 1 : disable the power state check
239 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
240 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
242 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
244 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
245 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
246 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
248 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
249 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
250 old_ordering, s4_nonvs }
251 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
253 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
254 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
255 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
256 used during resume from hibernation.
257 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
258 control method, with respect to putting devices into
259 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
260 of _PTS is used by default).
261 s4_nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
262 ACPI NVS memory during hibernation.
264 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
265 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
266 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
268 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
269 { strict | lax | no }
270 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
271 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
272 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
273 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
274 can interfere with legacy drivers.
275 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
276 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
277 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
278 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
279 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
280 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
281 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
282 no further checks are performed.
285 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
287 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
288 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
291 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
293 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
294 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
296 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
297 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
298 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
301 { off | try_unsupported }
302 off: disable AGP support
303 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
304 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
307 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
310 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
313 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
316 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
318 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
319 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
321 isolate - enable device isolation (each device, as far
322 as possible, will get its own protection
324 share - put every device behind one IOMMU into the
325 same protection domain
326 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
327 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
328 flushed before they will be reused, which
331 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
332 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
334 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
336 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
337 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
338 connected to one of 16 gameports
339 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
342 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
344 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
345 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
346 APC and your system crashes randomly.
348 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
349 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
350 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
351 Change the amount of debugging information output
352 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
354 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
355 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
357 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
358 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
362 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
364 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
366 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
367 EzKey and similar keyboards
369 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
371 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
372 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
374 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
377 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
378 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
380 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
381 Use software keyboard repeat
385 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
388 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
390 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
392 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
393 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
394 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
395 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
397 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
398 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
399 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
400 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
402 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
403 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
407 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
409 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
410 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
412 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
413 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
416 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
417 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
419 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
421 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
422 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
423 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
424 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
425 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
426 This option provides an override for these situations.
429 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
430 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
431 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
432 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
434 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
435 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
437 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
438 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
439 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
441 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
442 Format: { "0" | "1" }
443 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
444 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
445 any implied execute protection).
446 1 -- check protection requested by application.
447 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
448 Value can be changed at runtime via
449 /selinux/checkreqprot.
452 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
454 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
456 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
457 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
458 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
459 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
461 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
463 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
464 with the name specified.
465 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
467 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
469 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
470 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
472 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
473 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
481 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
482 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
483 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
484 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
485 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
487 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
488 or using the feature without checking anything
489 will still see it. This just prevents it from
490 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
491 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
494 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
499 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
501 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
503 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
507 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
508 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
510 condev= [HW,S390] console device
513 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
515 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
519 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
520 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
521 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
522 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
523 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
525 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
527 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
530 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
531 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
532 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
533 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
534 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
535 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
537 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
538 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
540 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
543 [KNL] Change the default value for
544 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
545 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
547 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
549 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
551 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
552 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
553 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
555 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
556 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
557 in the running system. The syntax of range is
558 start-[end] where start and end are both
559 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
560 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
565 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
566 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
569 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
571 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
572 (one device per port)
573 Format: <port#>,<type>
574 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
576 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
579 [KNL] verbose self-tests
581 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
583 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
584 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
585 only useful to kernel developers.
587 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
590 [KNL] Disable object debugging
592 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
594 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
595 Format: <area>[,<node>]
596 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
599 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
600 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
601 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
602 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
603 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
607 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
610 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
612 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
613 See drivers/char/README.epca and
614 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
616 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
617 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
618 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
619 entry later. This parameter disables that.
621 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
622 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
623 memory out of your available memory pool based on
624 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
625 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
627 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
628 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
629 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
631 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
633 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
634 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
636 dma_debug_entries=<number>
637 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
638 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
639 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
640 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
641 architectural default is too low.
643 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
644 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
645 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
646 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
647 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
648 driver later using sysfs.
654 dynamic_printk Enables pr_debug()/dev_dbg() calls if
655 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG has been enabled.
656 These can also be switched on/off via
657 <debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules
659 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
660 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
661 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
662 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
663 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
664 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
666 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
668 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
671 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
674 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
676 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
678 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
681 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
687 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
689 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
690 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
693 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
694 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
697 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
698 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
699 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
701 elfcorehdr= [IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
702 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
703 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
704 pass this option to capture kernel.
705 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
707 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
708 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
709 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
710 entry later. This parameter enables that.
712 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
713 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
714 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
715 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
716 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
718 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
720 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
721 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
722 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
724 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
726 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
727 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
728 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
730 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
735 fail_make_request=[KNL]
736 General fault injection mechanism.
737 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
738 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
741 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
744 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
747 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
749 force_pal_cache_flush
750 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
751 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
752 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
753 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
756 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
757 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
761 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
763 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
764 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
765 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
766 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
767 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
770 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
771 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
772 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
773 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
777 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
778 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
779 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
780 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
784 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
789 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
791 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
792 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
796 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
797 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
798 for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
799 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
801 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
803 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
804 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
806 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
807 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
808 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
809 size on bigger boxes.
811 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
812 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
816 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
820 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
821 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
823 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
824 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
826 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
828 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
829 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
830 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
831 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
832 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
833 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
834 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
835 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
836 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
838 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
839 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
840 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
841 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
842 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
844 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
845 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
846 registered from board initialization code.
850 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
851 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
852 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
853 keyboard and cannot control its state
854 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
855 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
856 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
857 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
859 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
861 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
864 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
865 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
866 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
867 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
871 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
872 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
874 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
875 does not match list of supported models.
877 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
878 (disabled by default)
879 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
882 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
883 See Documentation/mca.txt.
886 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
888 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
889 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
890 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .noprobe .nowerr .cdrom
891 .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
892 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
894 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
895 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
897 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
898 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
901 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
902 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
903 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
904 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
906 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
907 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
908 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
909 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
910 the same as idle=poll.
911 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
912 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
913 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
915 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
916 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
917 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
920 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
923 Format: { "0" | "1" }
924 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
925 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
928 Formt: { "sha1" | "md5" }
932 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
933 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
934 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
935 opened for read by uid=0.
938 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
942 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
945 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
946 for working out where the kernel is dying during
949 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
951 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
954 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
956 Enable intel iommu driver.
958 Disable intel iommu driver.
959 igfx_off [Default Off]
960 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
961 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
962 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
963 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
966 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
967 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
968 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
969 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
970 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
971 then look in the higher range.
973 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
974 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
975 to batching them for performance.
979 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
980 strict regions from userspace.
995 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
996 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
997 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
999 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1001 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1003 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1005 Simple two microseconds delay
1010 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1012 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1013 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1014 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1016 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
1017 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
1020 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1021 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1025 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1026 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1027 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1031 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1033 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1035 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1037 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1038 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1040 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1042 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1043 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1044 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1045 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1046 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1047 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1049 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1050 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1051 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1052 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1056 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1057 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1061 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1062 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1063 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1064 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1065 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1066 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1067 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1068 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1069 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1070 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1071 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1072 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1073 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1074 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1075 zone if it does not.
1077 kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
1078 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
1079 (only serial suported for now)
1080 Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1082 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1083 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1084 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1086 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1093 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1096 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1099 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1100 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1101 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1102 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1103 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1104 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1105 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1107 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1111 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1112 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1113 PORT[:DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1114 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1115 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1116 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1117 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1118 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1120 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1121 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1122 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1123 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1124 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1125 host link and device attached to it.
1127 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1128 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1129 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1130 The following configurations can be forced.
1132 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1133 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1135 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1137 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1138 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1141 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1143 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1146 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1147 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1149 lmb=debug [KNL] Enable lmb debug messages.
1151 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1152 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1154 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1157 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1160 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1163 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1166 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1169 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1170 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1171 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1172 loglevels are defined as follows:
1174 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1175 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1176 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1177 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1178 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1179 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1180 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1181 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1183 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
1184 Format: { n | nk | nM }
1185 n must be a power of two. The default size
1186 is set in the kernel config file.
1188 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1189 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1190 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1191 kernel boot problems.
1193 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1194 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1195 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1196 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1197 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1198 attached printers to be reset. Using
1199 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1200 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1201 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1202 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1203 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1204 port specification list means that device IDs
1205 from each port should be examined, to see if
1206 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1207 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1208 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1211 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1212 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1213 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1214 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1215 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1216 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1217 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1218 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1219 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1220 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1221 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1227 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1228 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1230 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1231 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1232 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1234 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1235 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1237 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1238 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1239 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1240 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1243 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1247 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1248 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1251 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1252 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1256 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1258 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1260 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1261 See Documentation/md.txt.
1264 Format: <first>,<last>
1265 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1267 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1268 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1269 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1270 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1271 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1272 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1274 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1278 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1279 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1281 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1282 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1283 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1284 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1287 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1288 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1289 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1291 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1292 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1293 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1295 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1296 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1297 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1298 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1299 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1301 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1303 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1304 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1305 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1306 Setting this option will scan the memory
1307 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1308 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1309 from using the memory being corrupted.
1310 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1311 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1312 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1313 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1315 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1316 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1317 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1318 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1319 corruption in more or less memory.
1321 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1322 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1323 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1324 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1326 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1328 default : 0 <disable>
1329 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1330 performed. Each pass selects another test
1331 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1332 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1333 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1334 regions that are detected.
1336 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1337 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1339 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1340 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1343 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1344 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1345 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1346 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1350 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1351 physical address is ignored.
1354 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1355 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1356 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1357 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1358 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1359 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1362 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1363 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1364 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1365 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1367 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1368 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1369 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1370 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1372 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1373 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1374 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1375 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1376 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1377 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1378 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1379 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1385 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1386 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1388 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1389 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1392 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1395 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1397 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1399 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1400 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1401 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1403 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1404 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk
1405 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1407 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1408 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1410 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1413 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1415 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1417 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1418 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1420 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1423 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1427 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1429 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1431 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1433 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1435 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1436 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1437 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1438 something different and driver-specific.
1439 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1443 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1444 0 to disable accounting
1445 1 to enable accounting
1446 Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is
1447 going to be removed in 2.6.29.
1450 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1452 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1453 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1455 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1456 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1457 channel should listen.
1459 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1460 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1464 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1465 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1466 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1467 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1468 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1470 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32] Specify one or more actions to take
1471 when a NMI is triggered.
1472 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1474 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1475 Format: [panic,][num]
1477 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1478 1 - use the IO-APIC timer for the NMI watchdog
1479 2 - use the local APIC for the NMI watchdog using
1480 a performance counter. Note: This will use one
1481 performance counter and the local APIC's performance
1483 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1485 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1486 need the box quickly up again.
1487 Instead of 1 and 2 it is possible to use the following
1488 symbolic names: lapic and ioapic
1489 Example: nmi_watchdog=2 or nmi_watchdog=panic,lapic
1491 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1492 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1496 [HW] Never suspend the console
1497 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1498 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1499 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1500 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1501 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1502 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1503 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1505 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1506 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1507 but will impact performance.
1511 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1512 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1514 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1515 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1519 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1521 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1523 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1525 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1527 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1532 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1533 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1534 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1537 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1538 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1539 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1540 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1541 read implies executable mappings
1543 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1545 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1546 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1547 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1549 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1550 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1551 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1553 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1554 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1555 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1557 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1558 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1561 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1562 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1563 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1565 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1566 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1567 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1568 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1569 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1572 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1573 Valid arguments: on, off
1576 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1578 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1579 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1581 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1582 broken timer IRQ sources.
1584 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1586 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1589 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1594 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1596 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1598 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1600 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1601 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1603 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1605 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1607 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1608 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1610 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1611 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1613 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1615 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1616 with UP alternatives
1618 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1620 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1623 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1624 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1625 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1629 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1631 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1632 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1634 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1636 noswapaccount [KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
1637 controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
1639 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1641 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1643 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1647 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1649 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1650 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1653 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1655 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1656 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1657 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1658 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1660 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1661 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1664 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1665 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1666 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1667 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1668 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1669 interrupts *may* be lost!
1674 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1675 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1677 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
1678 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
1679 userland or if you want common events.
1680 Format: { archperfmon }
1681 archperfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
1682 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
1683 CPU specific event set.
1685 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1686 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1687 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1689 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1692 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1693 connected to, default is 0.
1695 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1696 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1699 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1700 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1701 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1702 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1703 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1704 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1705 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1706 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1707 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1708 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1709 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1710 are specified on the command line, starting
1713 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1714 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1715 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1716 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1717 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1718 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1719 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1721 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1722 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1725 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1728 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1729 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1730 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1735 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1736 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1738 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1739 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
1741 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
1742 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1743 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1744 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1745 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1746 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1747 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1748 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1749 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1751 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1753 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1754 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1755 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1756 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1757 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1758 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1760 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1761 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1762 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1763 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
1764 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
1765 should never be necessary.
1766 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
1767 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
1768 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
1769 when the system masks IRQs.
1770 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
1771 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
1772 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
1773 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
1774 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1775 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1776 on several machines and they hang the machine
1777 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1778 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1779 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1780 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1782 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1783 Use with caution as certain devices share
1784 address decoders between ROMs and other
1786 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
1787 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1788 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1789 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1790 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1791 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1793 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
1794 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1795 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1796 F0000h-100000h range.
1797 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1798 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1799 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1800 explicitly which ones they are.
1801 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
1802 numbers ourselves, overriding
1803 whatever the firmware may have done.
1804 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1805 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1806 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1807 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1808 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1809 IRQ routing is enabled.
1810 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1811 or for PCI scanning.
1812 use_crs [X86] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1814 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1815 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1816 so this option is a temporary workaround
1817 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1818 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1819 handle more pci cards
1820 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1821 just use the configuration from the
1822 bootloader. This is currently used on
1823 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1824 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1825 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1826 This might help on some broken boards which
1827 machine check when some devices' config space
1828 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1829 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1830 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1831 This sorting is done to get a device
1832 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1833 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1834 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1835 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1836 The default value is 256 bytes.
1837 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1838 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1839 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1842 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
1843 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
1844 aligned memory resources.
1845 If <order of align> is not specified,
1846 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
1847 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
1848 windows need to be expanded.
1850 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
1853 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
1854 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
1856 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1859 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1861 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1864 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1867 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1870 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1872 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1873 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1875 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1876 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1877 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1879 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
1880 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
1884 Enable PNP debug messages. This depends on the
1885 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
1891 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1894 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1897 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1899 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1900 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1903 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1905 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1907 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
1909 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
1911 Format: <port>,<port>....
1913 print-fatal-signals=
1914 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1915 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1919 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1920 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1922 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1923 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1924 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1926 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1927 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1928 instead using the legacy FADT method
1930 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1931 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1932 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1933 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1934 statistical time based profiling.
1935 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
1936 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
1937 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1939 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1941 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1943 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1944 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1945 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1947 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1948 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1951 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1952 psmouse.smartscroll=
1953 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1954 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1956 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1958 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1961 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1964 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1967 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1972 See Documentation/md.txt.
1974 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1975 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1977 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1978 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1980 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
1981 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
1984 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
1985 Set threshold of queued
1986 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1988 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
1989 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
1990 batch limiting is re-enabled.
1994 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1995 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1997 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1998 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1999 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2002 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2003 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2005 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2007 reservetop= [X86-32]
2009 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2012 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2013 during initialization.
2016 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2018 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2019 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2020 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2021 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2022 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2024 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2026 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2027 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2029 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2030 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2032 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2034 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2036 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2037 mount the root filesystem
2039 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2041 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2043 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2044 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2045 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2047 root_plug.vendor_id=
2048 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
2050 root_plug.product_id=
2051 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
2054 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
2056 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2058 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2061 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2063 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2065 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
2066 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
2068 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
2069 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
2071 scsi_default_dev_flags=
2072 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
2075 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
2076 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
2077 (flags are integer value)
2079 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
2080 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
2081 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
2082 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
2083 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
2084 S390-tools package, available for download at
2085 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
2087 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
2088 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
2089 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
2090 user space to do the scan.
2092 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2093 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2094 security module asking for security registration will be
2095 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2096 as if no module has been chosen.
2098 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2099 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2100 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2103 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2104 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2105 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2107 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2110 Maximal number of shapers.
2112 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2113 Format: { <integer> }
2114 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2115 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2116 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2119 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
2126 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2127 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2128 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2129 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2130 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2131 last alloc / free. For more information see
2132 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2134 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2135 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2136 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2137 fragmentation. For more information see
2138 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2140 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2141 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2142 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2143 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2144 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2145 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2146 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2147 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2149 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2150 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
2151 lower than slub_max_order.
2152 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2154 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2155 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2156 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2157 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2158 merging on their own.
2159 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2162 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2164 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
2165 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
2167 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2168 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2169 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2170 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2171 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2172 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2173 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2174 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2175 1: Fast pin select (default)
2178 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
2180 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
2182 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
2184 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
2186 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
2188 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
2190 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
2192 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
2194 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2196 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
2198 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
2200 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
2202 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
2204 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
2206 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
2208 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
2210 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
2212 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
2214 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
2216 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
2218 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
2220 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
2222 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
2224 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
2226 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
2228 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
2230 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
2234 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
2236 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
2238 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
2243 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
2245 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
2247 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
2249 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
2251 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
2253 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
2261 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
2265 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
2267 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
2269 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
2275 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
2277 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
2279 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
2281 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
2286 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2288 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
2290 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
2292 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
2294 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
2296 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
2298 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
2301 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2303 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2304 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2306 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2307 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2309 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2315 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2317 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
2318 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
2321 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2325 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2326 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2327 as the initial boot-console.
2328 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2331 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2334 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2338 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2339 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2340 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2341 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2342 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2343 NFS server is running.
2345 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2346 automatically using heuristics
2347 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2348 percpu one pool for each CPU
2349 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2350 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2352 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2356 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
2357 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
2359 sysrq_always_enabled
2361 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2362 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2363 Useful for debugging.
2366 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
2370 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2371 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2372 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2373 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2374 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2376 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2377 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2379 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2380 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2381 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2383 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2384 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2385 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2387 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2388 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2389 critical and hot trip points.
2391 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2392 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2394 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2395 -1: disable all passive trip points
2396 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2399 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2400 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2401 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2402 0: no polling (default)
2405 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
2406 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
2410 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2411 topology informations if the hardware supports these.
2412 The scheduler will make use of these informations and
2413 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2418 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] [ftrace] will set tracing buffer size.
2420 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
2422 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2424 tsc= Disable clocksource-must-verify flag for TSC.
2426 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2427 disables clocksource verification at runtime.
2428 Used to enable high-resolution timer mode on older
2429 hardware, and in virtualized environment.
2431 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2432 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2434 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2435 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2437 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2438 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2447 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2448 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2449 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2450 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2451 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2456 Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
2458 usbcore.autosuspend=
2459 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2460 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2461 is the time required before an idle device will be
2462 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2463 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2465 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2466 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2468 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2469 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2471 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2472 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2473 scheme (default 0 = off).
2475 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2476 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2477 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2479 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2480 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2481 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2482 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2485 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2487 usb-storage.delay_use=
2488 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2489 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2492 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2493 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2494 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2495 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2496 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2497 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2498 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2499 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2501 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2502 device capacity by one sector);
2503 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2504 reported device capacity by one
2505 sector if the number is odd);
2506 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2508 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2509 unlock ejectable media);
2510 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2511 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2512 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2513 reported by the device);
2514 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2515 bogus residue values);
2516 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2518 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2519 medium is write-protected).
2520 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2523 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2524 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2525 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2528 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2529 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2530 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2533 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2535 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2536 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2538 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2539 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
2540 Documentation/svga.txt.
2541 Use vga=ask for menu.
2542 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2543 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2545 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2546 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2547 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2548 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2551 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2554 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2557 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2560 vt.default_blu= [VT]
2561 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
2562 Change the default blue palette of the console.
2563 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2566 vt.default_grn= [VT]
2567 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
2568 Change the default green palette of the console.
2569 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2572 vt.default_red= [VT]
2573 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
2574 Change the default red palette of the console.
2575 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2581 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
2582 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
2583 newly opened terminals.
2585 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2586 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2589 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2592 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2595 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
2597 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
2598 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
2601 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2602 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2604 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2606 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2608 ______________________________________________________________________
2612 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2613 Add more DRM drivers.